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erin Garris

Women and the Great Depression - 1 views

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    The gilderlehrman.org site focuses on American History and is "devoted to the improvement of history education". The site provides tools for both teachers and students to enhance the study of American History. This page contains an article by Susan Ware that talks about women and the Great Depression and the important role played by women in helping their families survive through this time and how little they had to work with in order to do so.
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    Another angle to this photo is women's roles during the Great Depression. This website examines exactly that. Men and women saw the Great Depression. For women, there became more pressure to take care of their families as food and money were very hard to come by.
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    This site gives more insight on women's contributions during the Depression. It focuses on the women's roles during that particular time. The women of the depression showed a lot of courage and they were determined to survive during these tough times. Husbands brought home reduced wages and the women did what ever it took at home to take care of the family. An example of this would be when women would buy old bread , eat less and warmed dishes to save on gas.
Joanna Ng

The power of photography - 0 views

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    Socialism Today goes deeper into the world of photography, and offers us in-depth insight into the mindsets and meaning behind certain photos and photographers, including Evans and "the echoes of social reality."
Joanna Ng

The Exacting Eye of Walker Evans - 0 views

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    This essay by Amanda C. Burdan gives us a larger scope of Evans and his journey through photography while keeping the central point his iconic 'Alabama Cotton Tenant Farmer's Wife' photo.
Joanna Ng

Walker Evans in His Own Words - 0 views

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    A real treat, this YouTube video is a peek into the mind of Walker Evans and his photography during the 1930s. He speaks of his work, his journey, and hearing it come from his point of view and voice makes a huge impression.
Joanna Ng

Broken dreams: Walker Evans's 1930s Americana - in pictures - 1 views

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    Here, The Guardian presents a gallery of photos that Walker Evans took during his travel from Alabama to New York City while documenting life during the Great Depression. These photos are available in a solo exhibition until January 26, 2014 at the MoMA.
eugene yates

Time-LightBox - 0 views

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    This site offers a collection of Evans' photos, all full of elements that if one were to be taken away, it would be incomplete. In a time of despair and hopelessness, Evans captured beauty and contradiction while providing a deeper insight to the world rather than what is on the surface.
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    This article by Time magazine (where he worked as an editor from the 1940's to the mid 1960's) shows several images taken by Walker Evans from the 1930's that are diverse in subject matter and composition. On this site I came to understand how the irony that makes Evans' photography so remarkable. This site is useful in exploring this image because it provides other images to compare and contrast.As well as providing a glimmer of an understanding into his personality.
Sh'nay Holmes

Social and Cultural Effects of the Depression - 1 views

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    This site summarizes human impact the Great Depression had on Americans. Many people have lost they jobs. This resulting in the increase of crime, prostitution and alcoholism as people tried to find an escape from their daily problems. Men were not getting married as often and birth rates decrease as to avoid the expense of feeding and caring for an additional person. Films and radio became very popular as a form of entertainment during these times.
Sh'nay Holmes

What was Franklin Delano Roosevelt's plan to end the Great Depression? - 0 views

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    This site provides a synopsis of President Roosevelt - gives brief details and accomplishments of his life growing up prior to winning the presidency. It summarizes how and why got elected - the promises he made to the American people. Finally, it list the programs he created to reform American during the Great Depression
anonymous

About the Great Depression - 1 views

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    This is another article on the Great Depression. The reason why I included this article is because it included maps that I thought were very helpful. The article also mentioned some political implications of the Great Depression.
anonymous

Repatriation During the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This article focuses lightly on the issues of immigrants during the Great Depression. This article came from the Digital History Web site. I neglected the idea of immigration during the Great Depression.
anonymous

African Americans, Impact of the Great Depression on - 0 views

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    I found a great reference regarding the Great Depression and the impact on African Americans. I wanted to incorporate some of the ideas from the first unit. The information from the first unit will help us to better understand the information of the second unit. This reference also had a lot of great images. The Great Depression everyone.
anonymous

Girl from iconic Great Depression photo: 'We were ashamed' - 0 views

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    I also found this article to be interesting. Most, if not all people, were affected by the Great Depression. This is one of the many iconic photographs of a family during the Great Depression. Katherine McIntosh was very young when the picture was taken of her family. It just shows that the Great Depression was not only a problem for adults--it affected everyone.
anonymous

Race in the 1930s - 0 views

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    This was a short work on race and the Great Depression. What many do not realize, is that the 1930s were a very unstable time for race relations. Race was not put on the back burner because of the economic problems. I found the picture of the The New Yorker to be particularly interesting.
anonymous

Blacks and the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This article is about race and the Great Depression. There were many strikes that African Americans organized during the 1930s. Many of these strikes were in opposition to the government. The article also mentioned some of the official organizations of workforces and unions in the United States of America during that time.
Janet Thomas

Historical Text Archive: Electronic History Resources, online since 1990 - 1 views

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    The Historical Text Archive website publishes "articles, books, essays and documents on a broad range of historical subjects". This page deals with the rise and fall of the sharecropping system in America. Although the article is lengthy it has a particularly interesting section concerning the plight of sharecroppers during the Depression era .
Jacqueline Alley

The Class-Domination Theory of Power - 0 views

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    This article discusses the idea that those with money have power. The article explains how upper class went to private schools, held large banquets/tea parties, and think they are better than everyone and therefore know how to govern better. The upper class controlled large corporations through stocks. The articles defines the Power Elite, people who tend to dominate American policymaking. This group includes bureaucratic, corporate, intellectual, military, and government elites who control the principal institutions in the US. Their opinions and actions influence the decisions of the policymakers.
Alexa Mason

Photographs from the FSA and OWI - 0 views

  • Census records, real estate guides, and fire insurance maps draw a profile of the neighborhood in the 1930s. Situated at the southern end of the city's Yorkville District, the block was predominantly Italian, although many Irish and Poles lived on nearby East Side streets. The population grew during the decade, with most families living in rented three- or four-room apartments or in "rooming and lodging" houses built before 1900. Most buildings provided shared toilets and tubs, and nearly all residents had electricity or gas for cooking and lighting. Rents ranged from ten to fifty dollars per month. Residents either rode public transportation (a tramway ran parallel to East Sixty-first Street and the EL traveled along Second Avenue) or walked; few owned automobiles. A Roman Catholic church--identified as Our Lady of Perpetual Help on a 1934 map--adjoined a parochial school facing East Sixty-second Street. Many small businesses served the neighborhood, and a few larger concerns like warehouses and a laundry that served a citywide clientele.11
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    This webpage is from the Library of Congress. It includes twenty photographs taken by Walker Evans for the Farm Security Administration. The photographs portray a New York City block in the 1930s. According to the Library of Congress, the census and real estate guides to place the block within a historical context. The webpage describes not only Evans' career and photography style but the analysis of the subject, this particular New York City block, provides the reader with background such as the types of households, tenants and businesses that occupied this neighborhood during this time.
Jacqueline Alley

Conflict in America During the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This site explains the relationship of the wealthy and poor during the 1930s. When the Great Depression began, the lower class people who lost their jobs sold what they could to get buy, even their houses. The wealthy were able to buy homes, land, and even stock for very low prices, which only made them richer. Lower class fought for tax changes to balance the nation's wealth.
Alexa Mason

The 1930s" Turning Point for US Labor - 0 views

  • But they spoke too soon. Before the decade was over, the U.S. economy had plunged into the worst depression in U.S. history. The 1929 stock market crash which marked the beginning of the Great Depression ushered in a period of immiseration for virtually the entire working class. By 1932 it was estimated that 75 percent of the population was living in poverty, and fully one-third was unemployed. And in many places, Black unemployment rates were two, three, or even four times those of white workers.
  • the richest people in society felt no sympathy for the starving masses.
  • hey banded together as a group to oppose every measure to grant government assistance to feed the hungry or help the homeless
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  • In 1934, when 400,000 East Coast textile workers went on strike to win union recognition, the bosses responded with a reign of terror, provoking one of the bitterest and bloodiest strikes in U.S. labor history.
  • Most importantly, the working class was no longer segregated along racial lines. The slowdown in immigration after 1914 brought with it a corresponding increase in internal migration. A half-million Southern Blacks moved north during World War I. By 1930, more than 25 percent of Black men were employed in industrial jobs, compared with only 7 percent in 1890. By the mid—1930s, Black workers made up 20 percent of the laborers and 6 percent of the operatives in the steel industry nationally. And one-fifth of the workforce in Chicago’s slaughterhouses was Black. White workers couldn’t hope to win unless they united with Black workers–and that wouldn’t happen unless they organized on the basis of equality.1
  • Teamster President Daniel Tobin even repeated former AFL President Sam Gompers’ earlier insult, calling unskilled workers "garbage."
  • The workers of this country have rights under this law which cannot be taken from them, and nobody will be permitted to whittle them away but, on the other hand, no aggression is necessary now to attain these rights…. The principle that applies to the employer applies to workers as well and I ask you workers to cooperate in the same spirit.23
  • The NAACP proposed to the AFL "the formation of an interracial workers’ commission to promote systematic propaganda against racial discrimination in the unions." In 1929, the NAACP again appealed to the AFL to fight racial discrimination. In both instances, the AFL did not even bother to respond.17 B
  • n the early 1930s, unskilled workers who wanted to unionize had no choice but to apply for membership in the AFL, but became quickly disillusioned by the indifference–and sometimes hostility–toward them by the union leadership. Unskilled and semi-skilled workers who joined the AFL were quickly shuffled off into "federal locals"–as subsidiaries with fewer rights than the brotherhoods of skilled workers
  • Blacks were effectively excluded from receiving minimum wages established in particular industries, because the NRA allowed employers to exempt predominantly Black job categories from coverage. In the South, where Black workers were still concentrated, workers were routinely paid less than Northern workers for the same jobs in the same industries. And in industries in which Black and white workers’ wages were made equal, it was common practice for racist employers to simply fire all their Black workers and replace them with whites, arguing that the NRA wage minimums were "too much money for Negroes." It was with good reason that within a matter of months, the NRA was known among Black workers as the "Negro Removal Act" and the "Negro Robbed Again."
  • The Great Depression was the most significant period of class struggle that has ever taken place in the United States. The sheer intensity of the struggle led ever broader sections of the working class to become radicalized and to begin to generalize politically. For a very short period of time as the working class movement advanced–between 1935 and 1937–the level of radicalization was such that on a fairly large scale workers began to realize that if they were to have a chance at winning, they had to confront all the bosses’ attempts to divide and weaken the working-class movement. Workers had to break down racial barriers and build genuine unity and solidarity; they had to prepare themselves to confront the violence of the bosses, which grew in ferocity during this period; they had to fight against anti-communism; and they had to break with the Democrats and the Republicans and form an independent working-class party.
  • But the Communist Party developed its first national campaign against racism through its years-long effort to free the Scottsboro Boys. The Scottsboro Boys case began in 1931 and dragged on for nearly 20 years, making it one of the most important antiracist struggles in U.S. history. But it was also important because it marked the first time in the U.S. that Black and white workers had ever joined together in large numbers in a campaign against racism. The Scottsboro Boys were nine Black youths, aged 13 to 21, who were arrested in Alabama on a charge of gang-raping two white women on a train. There was no evidence to support a charge of rape, but that didn’t matter–particularly since Alabama is a Southern state, where it was common practice to convict Black men on unsubstantiated charges of raping white women. Within two weeks of the incident, the Scottsboro Boys had been tried, convicted and sentenced to death by an all-white jury–all while a huge lynch mob of white racists stood inside and outside the courtroom. The Scottsboro Boys case was primarily an issue of racism, but it also divided the Black population along class lines. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a traditionally middle-class, liberal Black organization, refused to touch the case at first. As one author described, "[T]he last thing they wanted was to identify the Association with a gang of mass rapists unless they were reasonably certain the boys were innocent or their constitutional rights had been abridged."52 But the Communist Party had no such reservations. It immediately sent a legal delegation from its International Labor Defense (ILD) committee to offer to defend the Scottsboro Boys in court.
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    This webpage describes the conditions in America in the 1930s. It outlines the struggles of the working class as the depression hit. It illustrates the demarcation between classes, especially the working class and the business owners who fought to prevent unionized workers. The reader learns about the violence incited as a result the business owner's fight to limit unions. The webpage also goes on to discuss the plight of black workers in America. The site illustrates an intersection between race and class through examples such as the Scottsboro Boys' case.
Jacqueline Alley

Dorothea Lange - 0 views

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    Dorothea Lange was another photographer during the Great Depression. Her images were focused on sharecroppers, migrant workers, and displaced farmers. She shows the plight of the lower class. Dorothea Lange's most famous for her portrait of Florence Owens Thompson, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California. She was a 32yr old mother who sold everything she owned to take care of her children, eating birds and frozen vegetables. Her collection is viewable on the right side gallery. She was able to document the hardships the lower class endured through her photographs.
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