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erin Garris

Women and the Great Depression - 1 views

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    The gilderlehrman.org site focuses on American History and is "devoted to the improvement of history education". The site provides tools for both teachers and students to enhance the study of American History. This page contains an article by Susan Ware that talks about women and the Great Depression and the important role played by women in helping their families survive through this time and how little they had to work with in order to do so.
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    Another angle to this photo is women's roles during the Great Depression. This website examines exactly that. Men and women saw the Great Depression. For women, there became more pressure to take care of their families as food and money were very hard to come by.
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    This site gives more insight on women's contributions during the Depression. It focuses on the women's roles during that particular time. The women of the depression showed a lot of courage and they were determined to survive during these tough times. Husbands brought home reduced wages and the women did what ever it took at home to take care of the family. An example of this would be when women would buy old bread , eat less and warmed dishes to save on gas.
Janet Thomas

The Great Depression . Surviving the Dust Bowl . WGBH American Experience | PBS - 0 views

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    This pbs.org site focuses on the pbs television series "American Experience". This particular page deals with the Great Depression and goes into detail about the stock market crash which triggered the Depression. It is interesting to read how the "imbalance between the rich and poor" was a primary factor in the stock market crash and how the poor were by far the most affected by it. The piece also talks about how the government intially underestimated the crisis and it took the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to eventually bring about an end to the Depression.
Janet Thomas

A Photo Essay on the Great Depression - 0 views

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    The Modern American Poetry site offers poems and illustrations to students of the arts. This photo essay on The Great Depression provides a pictorial timeline of the major events of the Great Depression. There are several photographs by Walker Evans, the photographer behind the image we are discussing this week. Please note: The original source of these photos- The Library of Congess- was unavailable due to the government shutdown at the time I was trying to access the LOC site.
Sh'nay Holmes

The Great Depression - 1 views

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    This is great because it provides a summary of the Great Depression along with a timeline of events. The timeline highlights sufficient times during the 1930s, from the stock market crash, to the unemployment rates, ending with America's involvement in World War II. There is a tab that list the most influential people during the Great Depression such as President Roosevelt, which also summarize their active role during the Great Depression. There a section of photos which helps you get a glimpse into to what life was like during this time. Under the facts section, you are able to find statistics about the economy, unemployment and population during the 1930s
Alexa Mason

The 1930s" Turning Point for US Labor - 0 views

  • But they spoke too soon. Before the decade was over, the U.S. economy had plunged into the worst depression in U.S. history. The 1929 stock market crash which marked the beginning of the Great Depression ushered in a period of immiseration for virtually the entire working class. By 1932 it was estimated that 75 percent of the population was living in poverty, and fully one-third was unemployed. And in many places, Black unemployment rates were two, three, or even four times those of white workers.
  • the richest people in society felt no sympathy for the starving masses.
  • hey banded together as a group to oppose every measure to grant government assistance to feed the hungry or help the homeless
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  • In 1934, when 400,000 East Coast textile workers went on strike to win union recognition, the bosses responded with a reign of terror, provoking one of the bitterest and bloodiest strikes in U.S. labor history.
  • Most importantly, the working class was no longer segregated along racial lines. The slowdown in immigration after 1914 brought with it a corresponding increase in internal migration. A half-million Southern Blacks moved north during World War I. By 1930, more than 25 percent of Black men were employed in industrial jobs, compared with only 7 percent in 1890. By the mid—1930s, Black workers made up 20 percent of the laborers and 6 percent of the operatives in the steel industry nationally. And one-fifth of the workforce in Chicago’s slaughterhouses was Black. White workers couldn’t hope to win unless they united with Black workers–and that wouldn’t happen unless they organized on the basis of equality.1
  • Teamster President Daniel Tobin even repeated former AFL President Sam Gompers’ earlier insult, calling unskilled workers "garbage."
  • The workers of this country have rights under this law which cannot be taken from them, and nobody will be permitted to whittle them away but, on the other hand, no aggression is necessary now to attain these rights…. The principle that applies to the employer applies to workers as well and I ask you workers to cooperate in the same spirit.23
  • The NAACP proposed to the AFL "the formation of an interracial workers’ commission to promote systematic propaganda against racial discrimination in the unions." In 1929, the NAACP again appealed to the AFL to fight racial discrimination. In both instances, the AFL did not even bother to respond.17 B
  • n the early 1930s, unskilled workers who wanted to unionize had no choice but to apply for membership in the AFL, but became quickly disillusioned by the indifference–and sometimes hostility–toward them by the union leadership. Unskilled and semi-skilled workers who joined the AFL were quickly shuffled off into "federal locals"–as subsidiaries with fewer rights than the brotherhoods of skilled workers
  • Blacks were effectively excluded from receiving minimum wages established in particular industries, because the NRA allowed employers to exempt predominantly Black job categories from coverage. In the South, where Black workers were still concentrated, workers were routinely paid less than Northern workers for the same jobs in the same industries. And in industries in which Black and white workers’ wages were made equal, it was common practice for racist employers to simply fire all their Black workers and replace them with whites, arguing that the NRA wage minimums were "too much money for Negroes." It was with good reason that within a matter of months, the NRA was known among Black workers as the "Negro Removal Act" and the "Negro Robbed Again."
  • The Great Depression was the most significant period of class struggle that has ever taken place in the United States. The sheer intensity of the struggle led ever broader sections of the working class to become radicalized and to begin to generalize politically. For a very short period of time as the working class movement advanced–between 1935 and 1937–the level of radicalization was such that on a fairly large scale workers began to realize that if they were to have a chance at winning, they had to confront all the bosses’ attempts to divide and weaken the working-class movement. Workers had to break down racial barriers and build genuine unity and solidarity; they had to prepare themselves to confront the violence of the bosses, which grew in ferocity during this period; they had to fight against anti-communism; and they had to break with the Democrats and the Republicans and form an independent working-class party.
  • But the Communist Party developed its first national campaign against racism through its years-long effort to free the Scottsboro Boys. The Scottsboro Boys case began in 1931 and dragged on for nearly 20 years, making it one of the most important antiracist struggles in U.S. history. But it was also important because it marked the first time in the U.S. that Black and white workers had ever joined together in large numbers in a campaign against racism. The Scottsboro Boys were nine Black youths, aged 13 to 21, who were arrested in Alabama on a charge of gang-raping two white women on a train. There was no evidence to support a charge of rape, but that didn’t matter–particularly since Alabama is a Southern state, where it was common practice to convict Black men on unsubstantiated charges of raping white women. Within two weeks of the incident, the Scottsboro Boys had been tried, convicted and sentenced to death by an all-white jury–all while a huge lynch mob of white racists stood inside and outside the courtroom. The Scottsboro Boys case was primarily an issue of racism, but it also divided the Black population along class lines. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a traditionally middle-class, liberal Black organization, refused to touch the case at first. As one author described, "[T]he last thing they wanted was to identify the Association with a gang of mass rapists unless they were reasonably certain the boys were innocent or their constitutional rights had been abridged."52 But the Communist Party had no such reservations. It immediately sent a legal delegation from its International Labor Defense (ILD) committee to offer to defend the Scottsboro Boys in court.
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    This webpage describes the conditions in America in the 1930s. It outlines the struggles of the working class as the depression hit. It illustrates the demarcation between classes, especially the working class and the business owners who fought to prevent unionized workers. The reader learns about the violence incited as a result the business owner's fight to limit unions. The webpage also goes on to discuss the plight of black workers in America. The site illustrates an intersection between race and class through examples such as the Scottsboro Boys' case.
erin Garris

Great Depression Pictures - 0 views

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    This site shows many interesting pictures during the Depression. One of my favorites is of a eighteen year old mother with her very young child. The mother is standing behind her baby while the kid is eating something from the ground. After viewing multiple sites on the Great Depression I learned that not everyone struggle during this time. The majority of people who lived during the Depression were poor however there a small percentage of people who were not affected at all. This divided America into two classes: the rich and the poor.
anonymous

Girl from iconic Great Depression photo: 'We were ashamed' - 0 views

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    I also found this article to be interesting. Most, if not all people, were affected by the Great Depression. This is one of the many iconic photographs of a family during the Great Depression. Katherine McIntosh was very young when the picture was taken of her family. It just shows that the Great Depression was not only a problem for adults--it affected everyone.
anonymous

About the Great Depression - 1 views

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    This is another article on the Great Depression. The reason why I included this article is because it included maps that I thought were very helpful. The article also mentioned some political implications of the Great Depression.
anonymous

African Americans, Impact of the Great Depression on - 0 views

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    I found a great reference regarding the Great Depression and the impact on African Americans. I wanted to incorporate some of the ideas from the first unit. The information from the first unit will help us to better understand the information of the second unit. This reference also had a lot of great images. The Great Depression everyone.
melissa basso

Roosevelts "New Deal" - 0 views

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    History.com's interpretation of the New deal. While it did little to end the great depression, it offered hope to society by offering projects and employment opportunities to society. The website includes a picture gallery of a struggling society in the 1930's and the projects that aimed to end it. The images are strong, including one that hits home; a photo of the Times Square Bread line. The North was the first to experience the effects of the great depression.
melissa basso

The Impact of the Great Depression on Women - 2 views

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    The Great depression forced many men out of work and out of money. Because of harsh times, men either left their families or sent the women to work, where many times, women were left feeling empowered. However, many men were left feeling worthless due to the dramatic changes, leading to further lack of work and income or worse, a broken home. With FDR's "new deal", aimed at providing employment to the poor, families had hope. However, African Americans were only pushed further into poverty as white males were the first to be hired for long term positions.
anonymous

Repatriation During the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This article focuses lightly on the issues of immigrants during the Great Depression. This article came from the Digital History Web site. I neglected the idea of immigration during the Great Depression.
anonymous

Blacks and the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This article is about race and the Great Depression. There were many strikes that African Americans organized during the 1930s. Many of these strikes were in opposition to the government. The article also mentioned some of the official organizations of workforces and unions in the United States of America during that time.
Alexa Mason

The unemployed workers' movement of the 1930s - 0 views

  • The 1930s produced the largest movement of the unemployed and poor that the country had ever known. The jobless rebelled against the inequalities produced by capitalism, an institution of rising profits for the wealthy ruling class. Protest movements emerged that pitted the rulers against those who were ruled — those whom the system had failed.
  • The CP declared those out of work to be “the tactical key to present the state of the class struggle
  • ommunists declared March 6, 1930, to be International Unemployment Day, and led marches and rallies of the unemployed in most of the major cities in the U.S. Several thousand marched to factories and auto plants to demand jobs and unemployment insurance. Thousands of unemployed veterans descended on Washington, D.C. Millions of unemployed Blacks and whites marched together, sometimes leading to bloodshed instigated by the cops. Federal troops made war on unarmed people, while the mainstream press branded the demonstrations as “riots.”
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  • During the 1930s, the Communist Party played a leading role in fighting for the demands of African Americans — who were devastated by the Great Depression — and helped mobilize them for their struggle. Thousands of them joined the CP. The CP also undertook food collections in the Black community of Harlem, N.Y., where unemployment had risen to as high as 80 percent.
  • Communist Party-led trade union organizations fought against the white chauvinistic policy of the American Federation of Labor, which excluded Black workers, and demanded a united labor movement based on equal rights for all workers. In the Black Belt South, they also led the sharecroppers union, which fought courageously against the tyranny of the planters. Members of the Black working class subsequently became leaders of the Black liberation movement
  • A Wealth Tax Act, Wagner Act and Social Security Act were implemented. Under the 1935 Social Security Act, the federal government paid a share of state and local public assistance costs. A Civilian Conservation Corps, designed to stimulate the economy, provided jobs as well.
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    This article outlines the work of the Communist party in 1930s America. The Communist party was integral in mobilizing the unemployed working class in an effort to get fair and secure pay as well as jobs when unemployment drastically rose during the great depression. The Communist Party lead marches and protests, though they sometimes ended in bloodshed as the media depicted these demonstrations as riots. The party also provided an alternative to the exclusionary American Federation of Labor. It also provided framework for the mobilization of the black worker during this time.
Roman Vladimirsky

The Great Depression - 0 views

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    This website goes deep into the Great Depression, how it began and how it ended. Beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and Black Tuesday and finally with FDR's New Deal America came out of the Great Depression. Many people lost their jobs and some their lives to constant poverty and hunger. It looks as though the woman in the photo was a victim.
Omri Amit

Teenage Life during the Great Depression - 0 views

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    This site discusses the life of two hundred and fifty thousand teenage "hoboes" who left home because they felt they were a burden to their families. It describes how some teenagers looked for adventure while others searched for jobs. All were searching for a better life. Education was not an option for these children during the depression so they had to "ride the rails" to find employment.
Kathryn Walker

web page template - 0 views

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    This is an interesting (without being very lengthy) site which describes life during the Great Depression."Practically everyone had to deal with major losses and drastic changes. Children had to cope with the loss of a stable life and an education. Farmers had to learn to live with the loss of their farms that had supported their families. The middle class had to deal with the loss of money and the potential disappearance of their social class."
Anamaria Liriano

Walker Evans' iconic photos of the Great Depression at Cantor Arts Center - 0 views

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    History of Walker Evans's journey into photographing what he saw during the great depression, how an assignment to photograph what he saw truly turned into sharing the truth of the hardship people were enduring as a result of the depression. This source shows us the significance in how Evans chose to document the poor who were suffering; Evans didn't portray his subjects in a light that might otherwise draw upon a viewer's sympathy (which this source goes into more detail), but the reality of the lives of those he photographed.
Janet Thomas

BRIA 14 3 a How Welfare Began in the United States - Constitutional Rights Foundation - 0 views

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    The Constitutional Rights Foundation site seeks to educate people about the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights. This page deals with the institution of the welfare system in the U.S.and it's link to the Great Depression era.
Heidi Beckles

1933 List of New Deal Legislation - 0 views

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    When I first looked at this photo, the first thing that came to mind was the image of a hillbilly. As I searched the web for information about the photo I remembered visiting the tenement museum in the Lower Eastside, one of the things I remembered was Hard Times and the New Deal of the early mid 1930's. The New Deal came up when I typed in hillbilly in Hale County Alabama, which lead me to this site about Roosevelt and the New Deal. Since the onset of the Great Depression-initiated by the crash of the stock market in the fall of 1929-over $75 billion in equity capital had been lost on Wall Street, the gross national product had plunged from a high of $104 billion to a mere $74 billion, and U.S. exports had fallen by 62 percent. Over thirteen million people, nearly 25 percent of the workforce, were now unemployed. In some cities, the jobless rate was even higher. Caught in a web of despair, thousands of shabbily dressed men and women walked the streets in search of work, or a bit of food, doled out from one of the hundreds of soup kitchens set up by private charities to keep the wage-less from starvation. FDR's response to this unprecedented crisis was to initiate the "New Deal" - a series of economic measures designed to alleviate the worst effects of the depression, reinvigorate the economy, and restore the confidence of the American people in their banks and other key institutions. While the New Deal did much to lessen the worst affects of the Great Depression, its measures were not sweeping enough to restore the nation to full employment. Critics of FDR's policies, on both the right and the left, use this fact as a reason to condemn it. Conservatives argue, for example, that it went too far, and brought too much government intervention in the economy, while those on the left argue that it did not go far enough, and that in order to be truly effective, the Roosevelt Administration should have engaged in a far more comprehensive program of dire
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