This is a social sciences paper trying to make use of ML. Quote from text: "Social scientists studying the life course must find a way to reconcile a widespread belief that understanding has been generated by these data-as demonstrated by more than 750 published journal articles using the Fragile Families data (10)-with the fact that the very same data could not yield accurate predictions of these important outcomes." "(...) In other words, the submissions were much better at predicting each other than at predicting the truth."

Here is a the publication in Cell Journal (>29,000 coauthors):
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.040
...and I am a coauthor, because I played it while in the ACT! Lol

The source is anonymous

Combination of the radio occultation method plus change in the orbital plan in order to observe new target (the volcanic outgassing from Io satellite) by passing though the magnetosphere of Jupiter. It poses a challenge in the sensitivity of the electronics. Maybe it is accepted if the risk is low. Idea for the next GTOC challenge maybe? Optimising the cost on the electronics vs the frequency of passages?

Sterilizing food with solar wind??

A team of researchers in TU berlin and Caltech used Schrödinger's equation to visualise superfluidic flow (fluids with zero viscosity). Smoke and dry ice are close to this state in nature. Strangely enough for an equation that describes subatomic particles, it works, and reproduces experimental results better that Euler and Langrange schemes.

An hypothesis for explaining missing shoreline traces of ancient water ocean on mars: Some 3.4 billion years ago, giant meteoroids slammed into a frigid ocean covering Mars's northern hemisphere. The impacts kicked up enormous waves that raced across the water and swamped the shoreline, research suggests. On the scale of planetary catastrophes, such tsunamis would have dwarfed most Earthly ones.

Seems looking into turbulence is a source of innovative concepts. After the black hole modelling here was found a mathematical expression which describes "how turbulence can alter the shape and course of a flock of birds, a swarm of insects or even an algal bloom (phytoplankton!) and could help us to better predict them". More relevant for motions in air and sea, rather than space, where the fluids are dense enough to exhibit turbulence ; but what about a swarm moving in and exploring an exoplanet's atmosphere?

NASA Releases Tool Enabling Citizen Scientists to Examine Asteroid Vesta Vesta Trek is a free, web-based application that provides detailed visualizations of Vesta, one of the largest asteroids in our solar system. NASA's Dawn spacecraft studied Vesta from July 2011 to September 2012. Data gathered from multiple instruments aboard Dawn have been compiled into Vesta Trek's user-friendly set of tools, enabling citizen scientists and students to study the asteroid's features. The application includes: -- Interactive maps with the ability to overlay a growing range of data sets including topography, mineralogy, abundance of elements and geology, as well as analysis tools for measuring the diameters, heights and depths of surface features and more. -- 3-D printer-exportable topography so users can print physical models of Vesta's surface. -- Standard keyboard gaming controls to manoever a first-person visualization of "flying" across the surface of the asteroid. "There's nothing like seeing something with your own eyes, but these types of detailed data-visualizations are the next best thing," said Kristen Erickson, Director, Science Engagement and Partnerships at NASA Headquarters in Washington DC.

For fun. "Dolphins are only the second most intelligent form of life on Earth"

Open questions in geoscience. Food for thought

Not easily digestible piece of esa document, but to prove Paul's point. And yes, they have already planned to train neural networks on a database of different water types, so that the satellite figures out from the combined retrieval of backscattering and absorption = f(λ) which type of water it is looking at. Type of water relates to οptical clarity of the water, a variable called turbidity. We could do this as well for mapping iron fertilization locations if we find its spectral signature. Lab time?????

"As in a colony of ants, "there's no centralized leader per se," Rubenstein says." Thought of ant colony document permanently on Dario's desk. Some relevance?

Royal College of Art's Innovation Design Engineering course in collaboration with Tufts University silk lab. Not as good as it sounds as it does not fully mimic the photosynthesis equation (spare C, H atoms)

Bifurcations, patterns and other visualised mathematical problems for zen. Even found an oscillatory chemical reaction "Belousov-Zhabotinsky". Had no idea such a thing existed :-)

Lasers + diamonds --> simulate pressure of thousands of atmospheres on planetary cores!

A new mechanism was discovered on how H2 and N2 participate in the radiation budget. This may help to resolve the "faint young sun paradox", a hypothesis according to which during the earlier age of the solar system when sun radiation had lower intensity than now, the earth was warmer. Extended, it could reassess the past habitability of Mars.

There is this optical neuron that gets stimulated from motion. Mapping it is difficult in the lab: "The stumbling block is a lack of fine-grained anatomical detail about how the neurons in the retina are wired up to each other." So, use people deciphering from 2D images --> the 3D neuron structure using the human spatial reasoning to figure out what is part of a branching cell and what is just background noise in the images (yet incomparable to their best algorithms' performance) 120.000 users so far mapped 2% of the retina

The fast developping solar cell technology of perovskites. "Perovskites are a broad class of crystalline minerals that have been known for well over a century. But their ability to convert solar energy to electricity came to light only in 2009. Since then, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has climbed from 3.8% to 19.3%, a pace of improvement unmatched by any other solar technology. By comparison, crystalline silicon solar cells, the leading commercial technology, convert about 25% of solar energy to electricity."