For Pacific islands like Palau, Tuvalu and Kiribati, the implications of climate change are clear - and devastating. Already, these governments have begun to plan for a future in which entire populations have to relocate as their islands vanish under the rising sea. But climate change also threatens ways of life in subtler ways, leaving families around the world to work out for themselves how to cope.
The values used for natural mortality (M) are very influential in stock assessment models, affecting model outcomes and management advice. Natural mortality is one of the most difficult demographic parameters to estimate, and there is often limited information about the true levels. Here, we summarise the evidence used to estimate natural mortality at age for the four main stocks of yellowfin tuna (Indian, Western and Central Pacific, Eastern Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans), including catch curves, tagging experiments, and maximum observed age. We identify important issues for estimating M such as variation with age linked to size, maturity state or senescence, and highlight information gaps. We describe the history of natural mortality values used in stock assessments by the tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organisations responsible for managing each stock and assess the evidence supporting these values. In June 2021, an online meeting was held by the Center for the Advancement of Population Assessment Methodology (CAPAM), to provide advice and guidance on practices for modelling natural mortality in fishery assessments. Based on approaches presented and discussed at the meeting, we develop a range of yellowfin tuna natural mortality estimates for each stock. We also recommend future research to improve these estimates of natural mortality.
The three skippers in the Vendee Globe solo round the world race who are having to avoid the worst of the violent Southern Ocean storm all are deploying different strategies. Two, Jean LE CAM in eighth and seventh placed Jean-Pierre DICK are headed in different directions as they outrun the worst of the winds nearest the centre of the low, while Yann ELIES in sixth has hove to and slowed right down - to just two or three knots at times - to hold a position which should ensure the strongest winds pass to his north.
Persistent light winds in the middle of the Pacific, nearly half way between New Zealand and Cape Horn means the chasing pack, led by rookie Paul MEILHAT (SMA), are slashing their distance to the two Vendée Globe leaders Alex THOMSON (Hugo BOSS) and Armel LE CLEAC'H (Banque Populaire VIII).
Seafloor under the hypothesized East Asian Sea vanished 10 million years ago as surrounding plates swallowed it up, according to new reconstructions of plate tectonics in the Philippine Sea region.
Seafloor under the hypothesized East Asian Sea vanished 10 million years ago as surrounding plates swallowed it up, according to new reconstructions of plate tectonics in the Philippine Sea region.
Fish and other sea creatures will have to travel large distances to survive climate change, international marine scientists have warned.
Sea life, particularly in the Indian Ocean, the Western and Eastern Pacific and the subarctic oceans will face growing pressures to adapt or relocate to escape extinction, according to a new study by an international team of scientists published in the journal Science.