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Irene Watts-Politza

Teachers' Invisible Presence in Net-based Distance Education | Hult | The International... - 0 views

www.irrodl.org/...838

distance education teachers university research teacher presence

shared by Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • The stance taken in this paper, then, is constructivist – that conversation is learning in the making.
  • Any conversation, that is, draws on heteroglossia (Bakhtin’s neologism) – pools of different ideas whose elements, when exchanged, foster learning. According to Bakhtin, every utterance has a double significance. It is an expression of a 'unitary [common] language' used to conduct the conversation and, at the same time, it builds on the 'social and historical' differences embedded in the heteroglossia (1981, p. 272).
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
       
      This is what happens in a discussion thread.
  • Yuri Lotman,
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • described conversations as multi-authored texts rather than as multi-voiced heteroglossia (see Bakhtin, 1994,
  • texts “fulfill at least two basic functions:
  • fulfilled best when the codes of the speaker and the listener most completely coincide and, consequently, when the text has the maximum degree of univocality” (1988, p. 34). The generation of new meanings occurs when there are differences between the speaker and the listener. Texts used in educational exchanges cease:
  • online adult education is not the delivery of texts but, rather, the creation and insertion of ‘thinking devices’ into conversation.
  • For this article we have concentrated on teacher and student views of teachers’ role orientations in online courses.
  • our intention has been to identify and clarify teaching ‘saliences’ that have emerged in online adult education in Sweden. In a wider sense, however, our analysis is also a response to the question: ‘Whatever happened to teaching in the learning society?’
  • the posting data support the claim that the teachers adopted an initiating role.
  • Greater activity:
  • Greater influence on topic:
  • Faster response times:
  • When asked about their views, all students felt that teachers played a central role in supporting Net-based learning. Indeed, some of them suggested that moderation in online settings of adult education is more important than in face-to-face settings.
  • Orientations to Teaching
  • Activity Orientation
  • In this perspective, teachers gave students tasks that activated them and, thereby, fostered their understanding of subject matter.
  • offered students tips about articles, books and Internet sites
  • Some students spoke about being activated by stimulating tasks that led them to engage with the Web and libraries, with one of them adding ‘seeking by your self is a pre-condition for learning.’ Active searching also meant that students came into contact with information which extended their learning beyond the task itself.
  • None of the teachers, however, was entirely satisfied with their dialogic or conference practice. Levels of engagement, dialogue, and initiative-taking were not as high as they had hoped. In response, they tried to promote conversation by encouraging students to react to each other’s postings, by organising tasks where cooperation and interaction was needed, or by introducing new aspects and questions when discussion faltered.
  • Further, teachers reported that they also tried to act as models of good behaviour by giving swift replies to student postings and by making their own postings appropriate yet concise.
  • In contrast to the teachers most of the student group were satisfied with the course conversations.
  • A few
  • felt that sharing different aspects of the subject matter with the teacher and fellow students raised fresh questions. It made them reach beyond the book, evoking learning and thinking along new pathways. Even if they thought that well-chosen tasks were the most effective way of fostering dialogue, they also expected the course leader to participate fully, developing new themes if student postings declined, and remaining alert to student proposals that might enhance the interchange of ideas and knowledge.
  • Many students emphasised the importance of teaching that corroborated or validated their learning.
  • None of the teachers, however, spontaneously offered this view as their primary role or orientation. Nevertheless, when asked whether they had any correspondence with students through private mailboxes rather than ‘conferences’ and ‘cafes,’ some of them said that they occasionally responded privately to correct misinterpretations.
  • This task raises many questions about teaching, highlighting the difference, for example, between instructionist and constructionist paradigms for learning (Wilensky, 1991). Would a too well-planned course be instructionist, thus constraining student influence and the pursuit of democracy? In their postings, teachers in this study felt that there was no necessary contradiction – that well-planned courses could, indeed, strengthen student influence. Nevertheless, busy distance education students, according to the teachers, often appreciate instructionist courses with clearly stated activities and tasks, even if the students are left with limited opportunities to ‘construct their own relationships with the objects of knowledge’ (Wilensky, 1991, p. 202).
  • Teacher’s invisible presence is exemplified in taking a stand-by role and/ or being reluctant to intervene. ‘The [teachers’] silence should be deafening,’ one teacher recommended. Although most of the teachers agreed that well-planned courses do not inhibit course dialogue, the fact that in their own online course deliberations they set aside time to discuss this issue may reflect ambivalence in their stance. The question of when and how teachers should intervene remains impossible to resolve, except in practice.
  • three different aspects of teaching,
  • a second conclusion – that the promotion of learning in an open environment requires an animating or steering presence. Such teaching, however, is not a process of instruction. And for this reason the word teacher may no longer be appropriate. In English, the word tutor is commonly used in adult education, because it has connotations of ‘supervision’ and ‘guardianship’ as well as ‘instruction’ (see Oxford English Dictionary). More recently, Salmon has suggested ‘e-moderating,’ but even moderation carries instructionist connotations – to exercise a controlling influence over; to regulate, restrain, control, rule (OED) – that may not be appropriate to all forms of liberal education. In the context of mainland Europe, the word pedagogue may be appropriate since, etymologically, pedagogue denotes someone engaged in 'drawing out.'
  • Intellectual development, however, can be an intra- as well as an inter-personal phenomenon. That is, learning may not come directly from teachers but rather from their absent or invisible presence. Online pedagogues, therefore, can be present in different ways. They may be present in person, participating in learning conversations. They may constitute an absent presence that, nonetheless, is embodied in the learning resources directed towards students (e.g., the selected readings or activities). Or pedagogues may exist merely as inner voices, inherited from the language of others, that (invisibly) steer the desires, self-regulation, and self-direction of learners. Indeed, this last pedagogic position ‘auto-didacticism,’ has always been central to the post-Enlightenment ideals of liberal adult education.
    • Irene Watts-Politza
      Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
       
      Here's the money.
  • Irene Watts-Politza on 07 Jun 12
     
    Swedish study of university student and professor attitudes toward satisfaction with and definition of teacher presence in online adult learning. Implications for course design with respect to knowing one's audience.
diane hamilton

ECRP. Vol 5 No 2. The Role of Child Development and Social Interaction in the Selection... - 0 views

ecrp.uiuc.edu/johnson.html

development literacy Rogoff acquisition

shared by diane hamilton on 08 Jun 12 - Cached
  • A closer look might provide insight into how this experience will assist in Rachel's development: Positive emotions are created from the established lap reading routine that generates an intimate closeness and feeling of security. Interactive social dialogues between Rachel and her mother build on prior knowledge and provide immediate feedback as they discuss each animal as the story progresses. The language they use to label, compare, explain, and classify creates a supportive context for structuring the processes of thinking and concept formation. Each of the domains of development—linguistic, cognitive, social, and emotional—is affected during Rachel's experience, and all play an important role in her development
  • As Rachel began to internalize the actions and language of her mother, she began to use these tools to guide and monitor her own processing behavior until she is now able to take over much of the responsibility for reading the book (Dorn, French, & Jones, 1998)
  • A framework for understanding the interrelated nature of the cognitive, social, emotional, linguistic, and literacy development of children; social interaction; and literature selection in grades K-4 is provided in the appendix. The purpose of the framework is to provide a general guide for teachers, parents, and other caregivers in the appropriate selection of books that takes into consideration the importance of child development.
  • diane hamilton on 08 Jun 12
     
    this article contains a useful reference table for developing interest in literacy and applies to development of literacy dispositions and life-long learning
Joan McCabe

Getting to know you: Activities for young students - 0 views

office.microsoft.com/...oung-students-HA001144331.aspx

creating profiles first day activities ice breakers

shared by Joan McCabe on 16 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • My profile This is a simple activity in which the students fill in the blanks, and you learn more about them. On a piece of paper, draw a simple profile (forehead, nose, mouth, and chin). Have your students put the following information inside the profile: Name Color of eyes Color of hair Favorite time of day Favorite color Favorite sport Favorite subject Something I did that I'm proud of Birthplace Something that makes me laugh Favorite food Favorite animal Favorite song Favorite TV show You can post the profiles in the classroom or create a display in the hall along with the students' real photos. For another variation, you can use drawing software or the overhead projector to sketch the students' actual profiles instead of the generic one.
  • Joan McCabe on 16 Jun 12
     
    Most of these are first day "getting to know you" activities for the F2F classroom. Some can be re-conceptualized however, for the online learning environment.
abeukema

Human and Animal Vision - 0 views

www.springerreference.com/...318221.html

vision etap640

shared by abeukema on 16 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • In contrast, a horse's or pigeon's eyes are angled away from each other and therefore provide an almost panoramic view of the world (Fig. 3.3 ).
Shoubang Jian

Images - Clip Art, Photos, Sounds, & Animations - Microsoft Office - 4 views

office.microsoft.com/images

clipart

shared by Shoubang Jian on 15 Jul 10 - Cached
Mike Fortune liked it
  • Shoubang Jian on 15 Jul 10
     
    Free clip arts to enhance course design.
  • Francisca Capponi on 16 Jul 10
     
    very useful
  • Joan Erickson on 16 Jul 10
     
    useful to me too
Robert Braathe

Flash Tip: Alternate Website for Non-Flash Users - 0 views

animation.about.com/...nonflashwebsite.htm

flash non-flash user-friendly websites

shared by Robert Braathe on 20 Jun 08 - Cached
  • Robert Braathe on 20 Jun 08
     
    While designing a website in Flash, it's easy to assume that your viewers will not have some version of the Macromedia Flash player. However, you may find that a large percentage of your users either have an older version of the Flash player or none at all. For these users, it's helpful to have a non-Flash version of your website available.
Jeanne Cousineau

"Guns, Germs and Steel": Jared Diamond on Geography as Power - 0 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...0706_050706_diamond.html

history

shared by Jeanne Cousineau on 27 May 09 - Cached
  • The physical locations where different cultures have taken root, he claims, have directly affected the ability of those societies to develop key institutions, like agriculture and animal domestication, or to acquire important traits, like immunity to disease.
    • Jeanne Cousineau
      Jeanne Cousineau on 27 May 09
       
      Again, this point is central to Diamond's theory.
  • Jeanne Cousineau on 27 May 09
     
    In the new National Geographic Special based on his Pulitzer Prize-winning book, geographer Jared Diamond argues that geography shaped the fates of human societies.
Kristen Della

Learning Theory (wikipedia) - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Learning_theory_(education)

Psychology education process cognitive emotional environmental learning behavior conceptual philosophical behaviorism cognitivim constructivim objectively

shared by Kristen Della on 05 Jun 11 - Cached
  • Kristen Della on 05 Jun 11
     
    In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and world views (Illeris, 2000; Ormorod, 1995). Learning as a process focuses on what happens when the learning takes place. Explanations of what happens constitute learning theories. A learning theory is an attempt to describe how people and animals learn, thereby helping us understand the inherently complex process of learning. Learning theories have two chief values according to Hill (2002). One is in providing us with vocabulary and a conceptual framework for interpreting the examples of learning that we observe. The other is in suggesting where to look for solutions to practical problems. The theories do not give us solutions, but they do direct our attention to those variables that are crucial in finding solutions. There are three main categories or philosophical frameworks under which learning theories fall: behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. Behaviorism focuses only on the objectively observable aspects of learning. Cognitive theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based learning. And constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts.
Kristen Della

Carl Rodgers - 1 views

webspace.ship.edu/...rogers.html

psychology humanism humanistic maslow

shared by Kristen Della on 12 Jun 11 - Cached
  • Kristen Della on 12 Jun 11
     
    ...Like Maslow, Rogers believes that, if left to their own devices, animals will tend to eat and drink things that are good for them, and consume them in balanced proportions. Babies, too, seem to want and like what they need. Somewhere along the line, however, we have created an environment for ourselves that is significantly different from the one in which we evolved. In this new environment are such things as refined sugar, flour, butter, chocolate, and so on, that our ancestors in Africa never knew. These things have flavors that appeal to our organismic valuing -- yet do not serve our actualization well. Over millions of years, we may evolve to find brocolli more satisfying than cheesecake -- but by then, it'll be way too late for you and me...
Diane Gusa

parker j. palmer: community, knowing and spirituality in education - 0 views

www.infed.org/palmer.htm

learning_environments education connection blog

shared by Diane Gusa on 17 Jun 11 - Cached
  • The culture and size of the institutions and settings where people teach, the emphasis upon achieving grades and gaining marketable skills, and the pressure to 'produce' all take their toll.
  • To Know as We are Known (1983, 1993) Parker J. Palmer explores an understanding of education that looks to community and its recovery.
  • 'Knowing of any sort is relational, animated by a desire to come into deeper community with what we know' (Palmer 1998: 54).
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • 'a rich and complex network of relationships in which we must both speak and listen, and make claims on others, and make ourselves accountable' (Parker Palmer 1993: xii)
  • community of truth'
  • as Carl Rogers might have put it, from the diadactive to the facilitative.
    • Diane Gusa
      Diane Gusa on 17 Jun 11
       
      One of my favorite book. It always inspires me,
  • This distinction is crucial to knowing, teaching and learning: a subject is available for relationship; an object is not.
  • the subjects around which the circle of seekers has always gathered - not the disciplines that study these subjects, not the texts that talk about them, not the theories that explain them, but the things themselves (1998: 107).
  • Clearly community is a process. But it is also a place.
  • The task of the educator in all this is to make a space so that the great thing has an independent voice, to speak for itself - and to be heard and understood.
  • In To Know As We Are Known, Parker J. Palmer argues that a learning space has three essential dimensions: openness, boundaries and an air of hospitality (1983; 1993: 71-75)
  • As I teach, I project the condition of my soul onto my students, my subject, and our way of being together
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