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Shawn Shin

Nuclear Weapons Program - North Korea - 0 views

www.fas.org/...index.html

shared by Shawn Shin on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • Report on North Korean Nuclear Program by Siegfried S. Hecker, November 15, 2006 Richard L. Garwin and Frank N. von Hippel, "A Technical Analysis of North Korea’s Oct. 9 Nuclear Test," Arms Control Today, November 2006. North Korea’s Bomb: A technical assessment, FAS Strategic Security blog, October 16, 2006 Statement by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence on the North Korea Nuclear Test, ODNI news release, October 16, 2006 Korea and US Nuclear Weapons, FAS Nuclear Information Project, September 28, 2005 North Korea's Nuclear Program, 2005, Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2005. Visit to the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center in North Korea, Testimony of Siegfried S. Hecker, Los Alamos National Laboratory, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, January 21, 2004
  • The Nuclear Threat Initative's North Korea nuclear profile Report of U.S. Congressional Delegation Visit to North and South Korea, May 30 - June 2, 2003 led by Rep. Curt Weldon North Korea's Nuclear Program, 2003, Nuclear Notebook, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March/April 2003 North Korean Nuclear Weapons, CIA Estimate for Congress, November 19, 2002 North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program, Congressional Research Service North Korean Nuclear Program, U.S. State Department release, October 16, 2002 Text of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Text of the Agreed Framework
  • North Korea's Nuclear Weapons Program Larry A. Niksch, Foreign Affairs and Trade Division, Congressional Research Service, October 9, 2002 STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE U.S.-DPRK FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT Thomas L. Wilborn, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College -- April 3, 1995 [40 pages, 125 kb PDF] Assessing the U.S.-North Korea Agreement Masao Okonogi Joint Forces Quarterly Spring 1995 [215 kb PDF] The North Korean leadership is attempting to sell its outmoded baggage of the Cold War. Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) The Nuclear Potential of Individual Countries Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Problems of Extension Appendix 2 Russian Federation Foreign Intelligence Service 6 April 1995 Nuclear Nonproliferation: Implications of the U.S./North Korean Agreement on Nuclear Issues (Letter Report, 10/01/96, GAO/RCED/NSIAD-97-8). N Korean Nuclear Arsenal By Lee Wha Rang, April 27, 1996 Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., "Exposing North Korea's Nuclear Infrastructure--Part One," Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 February 1999, p. 38 Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., "Exposing North Korea's Secret Nuclear Infrastructure, Part II," Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 August 1999 Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., "North Korea's Nuclear Infrastructure" Jane's Intelligence Review, 1 February 1994, 74-79
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  • The Agreed Framework signed by the United States and North Korea on October 21, 1994 in Geneva agreed that: North Korea would freeze its existing nuclear program and agree to enhanced International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards Both sides would cooperate to replace the D.P.R.K.'s graphite-moderated reactors for related facilities with light-water (LWR) power plants. Both countries would move toward full normalization of political and economic relations. Both sides will work together for peace and security on a nuclear-free Korean peninsula. And that both sides would work to strengthen the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.
  • Shawn Shin on 15 Nov 10
     
    This site have a long well defined history of North Korea's Nuclear Weapon, and this has a lot of Resources that you can use for this Project.
anouska khambatta

Economy of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Economy_of_India

policy economic india economy

shared by anouska khambatta on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • The economy of India is the eleventh largest economy in the world
  • India was under social democratic-based policies from 1947 to 1991.
  • Since 1991, continuing economic liberalisation has moved the country toward a market-based economy.
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  • A revival of economic reforms and better economic policy in first decade of the 21st century accelerated India's economic growth rate
  • By 2008, India had established itself as the world's second-fastest growing major economy.
  • However, the year 2009 saw a significant slowdown in India's GDP growth rate to 6.8%[19] as well as the return of a large projected fiscal deficit of 6.8% of GDP which would be among the highest in the world.
  • Goldman Sachs has outlined 10 things that it needs to do in order to achieve its potential and grow 40 times by 2050
  • Improve Governance Raise Educational Achievement Increase Quality and Quantity of Universities Control Inflation Introduce a Credible Fiscal Policy Liberalize Financial Markets Increase Trade with Neighbours Increase Agricultural Productivity Improve Infrastructure Improve Environmental Quality.
  • However the subsequent government policy of fabian socialism hampered the benefits of the economy leading to high fiscal deficits and a worsening current account.
  • ince 1990 India has a free-market economy and emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the developing world; during this period, the economy has grown constantly, but with a few major setbacks. This has been accompanied by increases in life expectancy, literacy rates and food security.
  • India is often seen by most economists as a rising economic superpower and is believed to play a major role in the global economy in the 21st century.
  • Policy tended towards protectionism
Yasmin Tandon

Foreign Aid for Development Assistance - Global Issues - 0 views

www.globalissues.org/...ign-aid-development-assistance

Foreign Aid America economy

shared by Yasmin Tandon on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • both the quantity and quality of aid have been poor and donor nations have not been held to account.
  • 1970,
  • world’s rich countries agreed to give 0.7% of their gross national income as official international development aid, annually
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  • Furthermore, aid has often come with a price of its own for the developing nations:Aid is often wasted on conditions that the recipient must use overpriced goods and services from donor countriesMost aid does not actually go to the poorest who would need it the mostAid amounts are dwarfed by rich country protectionism that denies market access for poor country products, while rich nations use aid as a lever to open poor country markets to their productsLarge projects or massive grand strategies often fail to help the vulnerable; money can often be embezzled away.
  • This web page has the following sub-sections:
  • “Trade, not aid”
  • excuse for rich countries to cut back aid that has been agreed and promised at the United Nations.
  • This target was codified in a United Nations General Assembly Resolution, and a key paragraph says:
  • The donor governments promised to spend 0.7% of GNP on ODA (Official Development Assistance) at the UN General Assembly in 1970—some 40 years ago
  • developed countries will rapidly and progressively take what measures they can … to reduce the extent of tying of assistance and to mitigate any harmful effects
  • make loans tied
  • Developed countries will provide, to the greatest extent possible, an increased flow of aid on a long-term and continuing basis.
  • almost all rich nations have constantly failed to reach their agreed obligations of the 0.7% target. Instead of 0.7%, the amount of aid has been around 0.2 to 0.4%, some $100 billion short.
  • the quality of the aid has been poor.
  • USA’s aid, in terms of percentage of their GNP has almost always been lower than any other industrialized nation in the world, though paradoxically since 2000, their dollar amount has been the highest.Between 1992 and 2000, Japan had been the largest donor of aid, in terms of raw dollars. From 2001 the United States claimed that position, a year that also saw Japan’s amount of aid drop by nearly 4 billion dollars.
  • Aid beginning to increase but still way below obligations
  • In 2009, the OCED and many others feared official aid would decline due to the global financial crisis. They urged donor nations to make aid “countercyclical”; not to reduce it when it is needed most, but those who didn’t cause the crisis.
  • And indeed, for 2009, aid did increase as official stats from the OECD shows. It rose 0.7% from just under $123 bn in 2008 to just over $123 bn in 2009 (at constant 2008 prices).
Vikram Mohan

Mosque debate: New Yorkers take dim view of rabble-rousing outsiders - 0 views

www.washingtonpost.com/...AR2010081906580.html

debate

shared by Vikram Mohan on 11 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • The heated national debate is unrecognizable from the reality in New York, both politically and spatially. For starters, there are the practical questions of whether the Islamic center's politically unconnected organizers have the savvy and know-how to navigate the city's real estate universe or to put together the $100 million they need for their ambitious project. But if they somehow do, the city's entire political establishment supports their right to build on private property.
golan elzur

BBC - Ethics - Animal ethics: Experimenting on animals - 1 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...experiments_1.shtml

animals ethics

shared by golan elzur on 11 Nov 10 - Cached
  • eriments are widely used to develop new medicines
  • Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products.
  • Two positions on animal experiments In favour of animal experiments: Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if): suffering is minimised in all experiments human benefits are gained which could not be obtained by using other methods
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  • Against animal experiments: Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because: it causes suffering to animals the benefits to human beings are not proven any benefits to human beings that animal testing does provide could be produced in other ways
  • Are animal experiments useful? Animal experiments only benefit human beings if their results are valid and can be applied to human beings. Not all scientists are convinced that these tests are valid and useful.
  • Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products.
  • In November 2008 the European Union put forward proposals to revise the directive for the protection of animals used in scientific experiments
  • The proposals have three aims: to considerably improve the welfare of animals used in scientific procedures
  • to ensure fair competition for industry to boost research activities in the European Union
  • The main changes proposed are:
  • to make it compulsory to carry out ethical reviews and require that experiments where animals are used be subject to authorisation to widen the scope of the directive to include specific invertebrate species and foetuses in their last trimester of development and also larvae and other animals used in basic research, education and training to set minimum housing and care requirements to require that only animals of second or older generations be used, subject to transitional periods, to avoid taking animals from the wild and exhausting wild populations to state that alternatives to testing on animals must be used when available and that the number of animals used in projects be reduced to a minimum to require member states to improve the breeding, accommodation and care measures and methods used in procedures so as to eliminate or reduce to a minimum any possible pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm caused to animals
Bhavya Puri

IUCN - Sir Peter Scott Fund project: Shark meat trade, West Africa - 0 views

www.iucn.org/...psf_shark_meat_trade

finning shark stop africa

shared by Bhavya Puri on 15 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Shark-finning in West Africa is an unsustainable fishing practice that is endangering local shark populations. Certain species no longer exist in areas of their former range whilst others have entirely disappeared from the sub-region.
  • Industrial and small scale fisheries in West Africa have increased their fishing efforts to meet the demands for this product in Asian markets, whilst shark meat is also bought locally. 
Ben Walters

Video-game sales overtaking music - MSN Money - 0 views

articles.moneycentral.msn.com/...oGameSalesOvertakingMusic.aspx

Economy Games Money Sales Music Growth

shared by Ben Walters on 15 Nov 10 - Cached
  • 6/26/2007
  • video-game sector will remain one of the above-average growth segments of the global entertainment industries through 2011, with global games spending set to exceed music spending this year
  • Key growth engines will include online and wireless games, new-generation consoles and the burgeoning in-game advertising business.
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  • 2011, the worldwide gaming market will be worth $48.9 billion at a compound annual growth rate of 9.1%
  • ith gains slowing every year because of the maturation of the current generation of consoles,
  • exceed the 6.4% advance that PwC foresees for the overall entertainment economy during the period.
  • Its data include consumer spending on games, but exclude spending on hardware and accessories.
  • For the U.S. gaming business, PwC projects 6.7% compound annual gains for the five-year period, to $12.5 billion. Asia-Pacific should remain the region with the highest overall spending on gaming during the period and reach $18.8 billion in 2011, PwC forecasts.
  • Despite its leading size, its 10% average annual gains will only be exceeded by the combined region of Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), which is pegged for a 10.2% compound annual gain and is set to remain at No. 2 in terms of worldwide gaming.
  • In the U.S., online and wireless games should see the biggest gains through 2011
  • online will expand from an estimated $1.1 billion market last year to $2.7 billion in 2011
  • Consumer spending on console and hand-held games will go from $6.5 billion in 2006 to $7.9 billion in 2011
  • However, the U.S. PC games market will continue its decline, with PwC eyeing a contraction from an estimated $969 million in 2006 to $840 million in 2011.
  • growing from an estimated $80 million last year to $950 million in 2011
  • this estimate could prove conservative as "advertisers like to reach the younger males" that many games tend to attract.
  • He also said that the overall gaming audience continues to expand and become somewhat more female and older than in the past thanks to casual games and the arrival as games as an "important part of culture."
Yasmin Tandon

Aid Needs Help - By Raymond Offenheiser | Foreign Policy - 1 views

www.foreignpolicy.com/...aid_needs_help

Foreign Aid History problems help needs

shared by Yasmin Tandon on 12 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • confused and conflicting responsibilities, mandates and authorities, with no clear goals, and no shared vision.
  • very real costs for U.S. foreign policy and the world's poor.
  • El Salvador,
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  • responsibility for U.S. aid is shared between 11 different government agencies, each with different agendas and sometimes conflicting priorities.
  • Kenya,
  • United States procures its own HIV/AIDS test kits a
  • AIDS drugs at four times the cost other donors pay
  • Bangladesh
  • United States collects several times the amount in tariffs than it provides in development assistance, essentially taxing the very trade U.S. leaders tout as the solution to poverty
  • Cambodia, government officials typically find it easier to get information on aid resources from the Chinese government than from the U.S. government
  • Afghanistan -
  • civilian surge
  • humanitarian aid efforts has been promised -- two separate USAID contractors recently discovered by chance they were doing virtually the same project, in the same town.
  • 2 billion people -
  • trapped in poverty poses a singular challenge to the interests and values of the United State
  • What's This?TranslateWhat's This?Return
  • But his. government is still trying to address this 21st-century challenge with a 20th-century toolkit.
  • Previous attempts to reform the aid system have only complicated the situation.
  • The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 integrates 140 different goals and priorities and 400 directives, and is executed by at least 12 departments, 25 different agencies, and almost 60 government offices. Moreover, successive presidents and congresses have often chosen to work around the act, enacting more than 20 additional pieces of legislation to achieve their foreign-aid goals. As a result, the existing system's mission has become muddled and confused, cluttered with earmarks, special coordinators, and loopholes.
Dominick Wong

Concorde Aircraft Facts, Dates and History - 0 views

www.flightlevel350.com/Concorde_aircraft_facts.html

shared by Dominick Wong on 14 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • delta wing configuration and an evolution of the afterburner equipped engines originally developed for the Avro Vulcan strategic bomber. It is the first civil airliner to be equipped with an analogue fly-by-wire flight control system.
    • Dominick Wong
      Dominick Wong on 14 Nov 10
       
      Pros &Cons
  • For speed optimization: double-delta (ogive) shaped wings afterburning Roll-Royce/Snecma Olympus turbojets with supercruise capability thrust-by-wire engines, ancestor of today's FADEC controlled engines droop-nose section for good landing visibility
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  • Mach 2.04 'sweet spot' for optimum fuel consumption (supersonic drag minimum, while jet engines are more efficient at high speed) mostly aluminium construction for low weight and relatively conventional build full-regime autopilot and autothrottle allowing "hands off" control of the aircraft from climb out to landing fully electrically-controlled, analog fly-by-wire flight controls systems multifunction flight control surfaces high-pressure hydraulic system of 28 MPa (4,000 lbf/in) for lighter hydraulic systems components fully electrically controlled analog brake-by-wire system pitch trim by shifting fuel around the fuselage for center-of-gravity control parts milled from single alloy billet reducing the part number count.
  • unique experience of passing through the sound barrier was less dramatic than would be expected. The moment would be announced by one of the pilots, and could be seen on the cabin display, otherwise the slight surge in acceleration could easily be missed. At twice the normal cruising altitude, turbulence was rare and the view from t he windows clearly showed the curvature of the Earth. During the supersonic cruise, although the outside air temperature was typically -60 C, air friction would heat the external skin at the front of the plane to around +120 C making the windows warm to the touch and producing a noticeable temperature gradient along the length of the cabin. Most remarkably Concorde was the only passenger airliner able to overtake the terminator. On certain early evening transatlantic flights departing from Heathrow or Paris, it was possible to take off at night and catch up with the sun from the cockpit you could see the sun rise in the west.
  • aris crash The Concorde was the safest airliner in the world according to passenger deaths per distance travelled until the 25 July 2000 crash of Air France Flight 4590 in Gonesse, France, although it should be noted that the Boeing 737 fleet acquires more passenger miles and service hours in one week than the Concorde fleet acquired in the course of its entire service career. In any case, all of the people on board the flight perished, as well as four people on the ground. As the plane was on its take-off run, a metal piece punctured the tires which then burst, puncturing the fuel tanks and leading to the loss of the aircraft. The report of the investigation was published on 14 December 2004, attributing the crash to foreign object damage from a titanium strip that fell from another aircraft, a Continental Airlines DC-10 which had taken off four minutes before; the piece had not been approved by the US Federal Aviation Administration.
  • Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde supersonic transport (SST)
  • commercial servic
  • cruise speed of mach 2.04 and a cruise altitude of 60,000 feet
  • In the late 1950s the
  • British, Fr
  • ench, American
  • Soviets
  • developing a supersonic transport
  • ere lar
  • espective governments as a way of gaining some foothold in the aircraft market that was
  • designs called the Type 233 and Super-Caravelle
  • dominated by the United States.
  • prototype construction in the early 1960s, but the cost was so great that the companies (and governments) decided to join forces
  • egotiated as an international treaty between Britain and France
  • draft treaty was signed on November 28, 1962.
  • both companies had been merged into new ones and the Concorde project was thus a part of the British Aircraft Corporation and Aerospatiale.
  • Only 20 Concordes were built, six for development and 14 for commercial service. These were: two prototypes two pre-production aircraft 16 production aircraft
  • Critically, many of the victims of the 9/11 attacks were business executives based within the World Trade Center buildings who were either regular Concorde customers themselves, or authorised others to travel on the aircraft.
Simran Fabiani

The Media and Eating Disorders - 0 views

www.disordered-eating.co.uk/...edia-and-eating-disorders.html

media disorder

shared by Simran Fabiani on 19 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • The media is constantly bombarding us with images of celebrities who have slim, and sometimes very thin, bodies.
  • often appear in magazines and on television looking thin, and sometimes even verging on emaciated.
  • Celebrities are scrutinised when they put on a few pounds as well as when they lose them.
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  • it is interesting to watch those who appear to 'have it all' put on weight and see how long it takes for them to lose it.
  • After a celebrity gives birth, the paparazzi usually follows her everywhere ready to snap her, so the whole world (which appears to be waiting with baited breath) can see how long it takes for her to lose her baby weight
  • Personal chefs, trainers, assistants, plastic surgery, beauty treatments, you name it; they have everything they need at their disposal to whip them into their desired size and shape
  • The resulting image of physical perfection that celebrities project is unobtainable for the majority of people
  • Dieting is one of the contributory factors in the onset of eating disorders.
Simran Fabiani

Anorexia: A Media-Borne Illness - BusinessWeek - 0 views

www.businessweek.com/...xia_a_media-borne_illness.html

anorexia media borne ilness

shared by Simran Fabiani on 18 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • he top shows watched by female college students: Gossip Girl, Project Runway, and America’s Next Top Model. Likewise for magazines: Vogue, Seventeen, and Allure.
  • The media I’ve listed contribute to shaping what society considers beauty. The common denominators are tall, desperately skinny women who look fabulous. It should come as no surprise the media is to blame for today’s artificial standard of beauty.
  • The constant bombardment of skinny models and diet plans will certainly have an effect on women whose bodies are just not meant to be that small.
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  • Low self-esteem and eating disorders are the side effects from the media’s portrayal of artificial beauty
  • as of 2004, 8 million people—7 million of them women—had an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, etc.).
  • According to the American Psychiatric Assn.’s Diagnostic & Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, people who suffer from anorexia typically have an underlying personality disorder and seek more control over their environment.
  • indicate that discipline and control, rather than thinness, were their true goals
  • 66% of Americans do not even come close to conforming to that supposed ideal. Meanwhile, less than 3% of the U.S. population suffers from an eating disorder
  • We know Barbie is anatomically impossible.
  • magazine covers featuring celebrities have been airbrushed,
  • blaming the media for eating disorders is a lot like laying the blame for underage smoking on TV characters
  • "over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in 20 are above average in size.
  • Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies
  • 80% of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter."
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