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Richard Herron

Viruses Can Have Immune System, Study Finds | Biology | Sci-News.com - 1 views

www.sci-news.com/...article00905.html

virology virus immune system

shared by Richard Herron on 03 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • A new research led by Dr Kimberley Seed from the Tufts University School of Medicine provides the first evidence that bacteriophages – viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria – can acquire a wholly functional and adaptive immune system.
  • The study, published today in the journal Nature, finds that a viral predator of the cholera bacteria can steal the functional immune system of bacteria and use it against its bacterial host.
  • Developing phage therapy is particularly important because some bacteria, called superbugs, are resistant to most or all current antibiotics.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • This study focused on a phage that attacks Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for cholera epidemics in humans.
  • Finding a CRISPR/Cas system in a phage shows that there is gene flow between the phage and bacteria even for something as large and complex as the genes for an adaptive immune system,”
Charles Bach

Ebola's secret weapon revealed - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130502192226.htm

shared by Charles Bach on 03 May 13 - No Cached
  • Charles Bach on 03 May 13
     
    An example of infectors ability to stop the immune response. Researchers have discovered the mechanism behind one of the Ebola virus' most dangerous attributes: its ability to disarm the adaptive immune system. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston scientists determined that Ebola short-circuits the immune system using proteins that work together to shut down cellular signaling related to interferon.
Richard Herron

Braconidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Braconidae

parasites virus immunosupression dna virology

shared by Richard Herron on 19 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • Endoparasitoid species often display elaborate physiological adaptations to enhance larval survival within the host, such as the co-option of endosymbiotic viruses for compromising host immune defenses.
  • he DNA of the wasp actually contains portions that are the templates for the components of the viral particles and they are assembled in an organ in the female's abdomen known as the calyx.
  • Because of this highly modified system of host immunosuppression it is not surprising that there is a high level of parasitoid-host specificity. It is this specificity that makes Braconids a very powerful and important biological control agent.
  • anonymous on 20 Jan 13
     
    My husband was telling me about this yesterday. He heard about it on reddit but he couldn't remember which kind of bug it was.
  • Richard Herron on 20 Jan 13
     
    That's actually where I found it the other night. It was a very interesting read to say the least.
Katelyn Madigan

First documented case of child cured of HIV - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130303172640.htm

microbiology immune HIV child

shared by Katelyn Madigan on 04 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • i diagnosed with HIV at birth and immediately put on antiretroviral therapy.
  • brought back into care at 23 months, despite being off treatment for five months, the child was found to have an undetectable viral load
  • d today no signs of HIV infection in the child can be detected by the most sensitive means available.
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  • physician was able to treat his leukemia with a stem-cell transplant from a person who was born with a genetic mutation causing immunity to HIV infection. Following the transplant, Mr. Brown was able to stop HIV treatment without experiencing a return of his HIV disease
  • achieved by antiretroviral therapy alone
Casey Finnerty

Baby With H.I.V. Is Reported Cured - NYTimes.com - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...-cured-of-hiv-doctors-say.html

HIV microbiology virology immunity

shared by Casey Finnerty on 07 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • If the report is confirmed, the child born in Mississippi would be only the second well-documented case of a cure in the world
  • Typically a newborn with an infected mother would be given one or two drugs as a prophylactic measure. But Dr. Gay said that based on her experience, she almost immediately used a three-drug regimen aimed at treatment, not prophylaxis, not even waiting for the test results confirming infection.
  • Virus levels rapidly declined with treatment and were undetectable by the time the baby was a month old. That remained the case until the baby was 18 months old, after which the mother stopped coming to the hospital and stopped giving the drugs.
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  • Dr. Gay contacted Dr. Katherine Luzuriaga, an immunologist at the University of Massachusetts,
  • Dr. Steven Deeks, professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, said if the reservoir never established itself, then he would not call it a true cure, though this was somewhat a matter of semantics. “Was there enough time for a latent reservoir, the true barrier to cure, to establish itself?” he said.
  • One hypothesis is that the drugs killed off the virus before it could establish a hidden reservoir in the baby.
  • They found tiny amounts of some viral genetic material but no virus able to replicate, even lying dormant in so-called reservoirs in the body.
  • “For pediatrics, this is our Timothy Brown,” said Dr. Deborah Persaud, associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and lead author of the report on the baby. “It’s proof of principle that we can cure H.I.V. infection if we can replicate this case.”
  • Dr. Hannah B. Gay, an associate professor of pediatrics,
  • The results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
  • The baby, born in rural Mississippi, was treated aggressively with antiretroviral drugs starting around 30 hours after birth, something that is not usually done. If further study shows this works in other babies, it will almost certainly be recommended globally.
  • those reports and this new one could suggest there is something different about babies’ immune systems, said Dr. Joseph McCune of the University of California, San Francisco.
  • the results could lead to a new protocol for quickly testing and treating infants.
Alison Prodzinski

Brand-New Vaccine Strategy Works Against Herpes, And Potentially HIV | Popular Science - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...rpes-and-may-do-whole-lot-more

shared by Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The Yale team’s “prime and pull” method is focused on exactly that. Working with mice, the researchers found a way to “prime” T cells to fight a certain kind of infection
  • through conventional vaccination that causes a system-wide immune response.
  • The “prime and pull” technique could potentially be used to combat any infectious agent that enters the body through any specific tissue--agents like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS.
  • Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13
     
    Manipulating T-Cells to fight certain infections, then pulling them out of the body as to not harm anything - because they can spread nasty diseases in places like the central nervous system.  They are now testing these T-cells against HIV. This could be revolutionary - in that the 'Prime and Pull' method could be used over and over without harming the person.  Just proof of how cool T-cells are!! Both useful and harmful if used inappropriately.
Alison Prodzinski

How Pigs on Antibiotics Are Making Superbugs Stronger | Popular Science - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...-are-making-superbugs-stronger

shared by Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • new research suggests it’s the animals, and the drugs we feed them
  • MRSA started out as a drug-defeatable bug and then transferred into the pig population, where it developed resistance to two common forms of antibiotics
  • “[It’s] like watching the birth of a superbug,”
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  • humans have supplied a strong force through the excessive use of antibiotic drugs in farm animal production,
  • Alison Prodzinski on 28 Mar 13
     
    MSRA could be defeated when first discovered. However, it was transferred to the pig population and went crazy after that. Humans over immunize animals and make super-bugs from inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics.  New tests are being done with bacteria being injected into other hosts - which then can be used to kill MRSA. This method could find new and natural antibiotics that could fight various forms of drug-resistant superbugs!
Whitney Hopfauf

Genetically Engineered Immune Cells Found to Rapidly Clear Leukemia Tumors: Scientific ... - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm

leukemia

shared by Whitney Hopfauf on 31 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • shown promise against chronic leukemia, but there were
  • doubts about whether it could take on the faster-growing acute lymphoblastic
  • By the time the man started the trial, 70% of his bone marrow was tumor.
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  • ‘chimeric antigen receptor
  • ’, or CAR, that would target cells expressing a protein called CD19.
  • treatment had driven his cancer into remission
Jeremiah Williamson

Severe Food Allergy Stresses Moms, Baffles Doctors - Yahoo! - 1 views

gma.yahoo.com/71904938--abc-news-health.html

shared by Jeremiah Williamson on 03 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Jeremiah Williamson on 03 Apr 13
     
    Going along with the immunology portion of class, this article talks about a new food allergy that a little boy suffers.  He is allergic to almost all food, except a handful of things.  it causes an immune response that is non-IgE, which is the case in most allergies.  
saraeberhardt

Scientists find interferon, one of the body's own proteins, induces persistent viral in... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130411142815.htm

viral interferon microbiology

shared by saraeberhardt on 22 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • saraeberhardt on 22 Apr 13
     
    New IFN-I receptor blocking study finds that the body's own anitviral immune response is potentially enhanced. 
Abdirizak Abdi

Your Immune System 'Remembers' Microbes It's Never Fought Before, New Study Says - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...ts-never-fought-new-study-says

shared by Abdirizak Abdi on 09 May 13 - No Cached
  • Abdirizak Abdi on 09 May 13
     
    How do naive cells accomplish this microbial memory generation? It's all about the environment. People are constantly exposed to countless bacteria, fungi and viruses, everywhere all of the time. T cells might act like they're reacting to something they've seen before--maybe the bacteria's proteins look similar to that of a harmless bug, and the cell is fooled.
Alison Prodzinski

The Flu Virus Can Tell Time. Here's Why You Should Care | Popular Science - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...time-heres-why-you-should-care

shared by Alison Prodzinski on 02 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Influenza can tell time, and it choreographs its actions according to a strict schedule.
  • The virus has to orchestrate its actions carefully--if it moves too fast, it won’t have time to make new copies of itself, and if it moves too slowly, it might be stopped by immune defenses.
  • To fight it, they tricked the virus into changing the amount of time it took to gather the protein. First, they made it acquire the protein too quickly, which caused the flu to leave the cell before it had made enough copies of itself. In this case, the cells were lung epithelial cells. Then they altered it to leave too late, giving immune cells enough time to respond and kill the virus before it escaped.
  • Alison Prodzinski on 02 Apr 13
     
    Viruses are smarter then we ever imagined!! Researchers have realized that virus have their own time-clock. Virus's take about 8 hours to sufficiently make copies and overtake our bodies. They slowly build in our bodies, before the body actually realizes what is happening - by that time it is too late. Researchers are now tricking viruses into changing the time needed to overtake the body - making the body react quicker and kill the virus. The flu vaccine is still the best way, however, if we can fool the time it takes for a virus to overthrow the body - can we stop it in general? 
Abdirizak Abdi

Researchers Find Immunity Protein That Ramps Up Inflammation, and Agents That Can Block It - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130331165601.htm

shared by Abdirizak Abdi on 01 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Abdirizak Abdi on 01 Apr 13
     
    Scientist have a found innate protein that increases inflammation and,agents that block it, resulting in increased in survival and improved lung function in animal models pneumonia. "The F-box protein Fbxo3, and other related proteins, represent ideal targets for treatment of acute lung injury, because it controls the innate immune response, is upstream of important inflammatory signaling pathways, and is more selective than traditional drugs that regulate protein turnover" noted Mark T Gladwin M.D., chief of the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pitt School of Medicine.
Alletia DeMartino

Human brain cells developed in lab, grow in mice - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...130503230313.htm

shared by Alletia DeMartino on 07 May 13 - No Cached
  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cell, in experiments describe
  • The researchers generated and transplanted a type of human nerve-cell progenitor called the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cel
  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
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  • Kriegstein sees MGE cells as a potential treatment to better control nerve circuits that become overactive in certain neurological disorders.
  • , the human MGE-like cells survived within the rodent forebrain, integrated into the brain by forming connections with rodent nerve cells, and matured into specialized subtypes of interneurons.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin
  • unlimited potential to become any human cell type.
  • To generate MGE cells in the lab, the researchers reliably directed the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells -- either human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human skin.
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which mature interneurons malfunction,
  • These findings may serve as a model to study human diseases in which
  • mature interneurons malfunction,
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons
  • Nicholas utilized key growth factors and other molecules to direct the derivation and maturation of the human MGE-like interneurons. He timed the delivery of these fa
  • "The hope is that we can deliver these cells to various places within the nervous system that have been overactive and that they will functionally integrate and provide regulated inhibition," Nicholas said.
  • The researchers also plan to develop MGE cells from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from skin cells of individuals with autism, epilepsy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, in order to investigate how the development and function of interneurons might become abnormal -- creating a lab-dish model of disease.
  • One mystery and challenge to both the clinical and pre-clinical study of human MGE cells is that they develop at a slower, human pace, reflecting an "intrinsic clock." In fast-developing mice, the human MGE-like cells still took seven to nine months to form interneuron subtypes that normally are present near birth.
  • Alletia DeMartino on 07 May 13
     
    pretty interesting that there wasnt rejection from the mice immune system. very cool for furthering research 
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