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kgarland

World Simulation Ideas - 95 views

I think it would be great to add more natural disasters, along with trying to bring out the slave trade, I think we could make the slave trade more part of the game. Also I think it would be great ...

worldsim

started by Mike Wesch on 18 May 07 37 follow-ups, last by kgarland on 29 May 07
jcoop11

Wallerstein on World Systems - 0 views

www.fordham.edu/...wallerstein.html

required wallerstein worldsystems

shared by jcoop11 on 17 May 07 - Cached
  • makes possible analytically sound comparisons between different parts of the world.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      This is why Wallerstein's theory gained acceptance in the anthropological community. We are interested in making sound cross-cultural comparisons.
    • jcoop11
      jcoop11 on 20 May 07
       
      I may be reading to much into the wording, but do we really want to "compare" cultures. When we talk about comparing cultures, it seems as if we are holding them to a certain standard.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 21 May 07
       
      We are not comparing them to a standard - just trying to see the range of human possibilities - and how humans are interrelated.
  • feudalism
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      Three primary elements characterized feudalism: lords, vassals and fiefs; the structure of feudalism can be seen in how these three elements fit together. A lord was a noble who owned land, a vassal was a person who was granted possession of the land by the lord, and the land was known as a fief. In exchange for the fief, the vassal would provide military service to the lord. The obligations and relations between lord, vassal and fief form the basis of feudalism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudal_system
  • switch from feudal obligations to money rents
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • These impoverished peasants often moved to the cities, providing cheap labor essential for the growth in urban manufacturing
  • Eastern Europe (especially Poland) and Latin America, exhibited characteristics of peripheral regions.
  • In Latin America, the Spanish and Portuguese conquests destroyed indigenous authority structures and replaced them with weak bureaucracies under the control of these European states.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      This is the most common pattern found in the world simulation, though other forms emerge as well.
  • served as buffers between the core and the peripheries
  • According to Wallerstein, the semi-peripheries were exploited by the core but, as in the case of the American empires of Spain and Portugal, often were exploiters of peripheries themselves. Spain, for example, imported silver and gold from its American colonies, obtained largely through coercive labor practices, but most of this specie went to paying for manufactured goods from core countries such as England and France rather than encouraging the formation of a domestic manufacturing sector.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      nice summary here of the relationship of core, semi-periphery, and periphery
  • Similarly, Protestants, who were often the merchants in Catholic countries, found they were targets of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church, a trans-national institution, found the development of capitalism and the strengthening of the state threatening.
  • During this period, workers in Europe experienced a dramatic fall in wages.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      This is interesting. We often think of this transition as benefitting the people of the Core - but it did not necessarily benefit everybody.
  • This powerful merchant class provided the capital necessary for the industrialization of European core states.
    • elligant35
      elligant35 on 20 May 07
       
      Is the merchant class the first indication of a middle class? If so, then why the fall in wages becasue it seems to me that all they created was a middle man to continously take the wages from the working class that supported the goods that were traded?
  • European states participated in active exploration for the exploitation of new markets.
  • With the independence of the Latin American countries, these areas as well as previously isolated zones in the interior of the American continent entered as peripheral zones in the world economy. Asia and Africa entered the system in the nineteenth century as peripheral zones.
    • Mike Wesch
      Mike Wesch on 20 May 07
       
      Expansion of the periphery - this typically represents Round 2 of the World Simulation.
  • the core enriched itself at the expense of the peripheral economies. This, of course, did not mean either that everybody in the periphery became poorer or that all citizens of the core regions became wealthier as a result.
  • Wallerstein asserts that an analysis of the history of the capitalist world system shows that it has brought about a skewed development in which economic and social disparities between sections of the world economy have increased rather than provided prosperity for all.
  • This was the first time that an economic system encompassed much of the world with links that superseded national or other political boundaries
  • Mike Wesch on 17 May 07
     
    Read all of this page & make notes so we can share ideas!
jcoop11

New Zealand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/New_zealand

cultures pacific religions

shared by jcoop11 on 17 May 07 - Cached
  • New Zealand comprises two main islands (called the North and South Islands in English, Te-Ika-a-Maui and Te Wai Pounamu in Māori) and a number of smaller islands, located near the center of the water hemisphere. The total land area, 268,680 square kilometres (103,738 sq mi), is a little less than that of Italy and Japan, and a little more than the United Kingdom. The country extends more than 1600 kilometres (1000 miles) along its main, north-north-east axis, with approximately 15,134 km of coastline. The most significant of the smaller inhabited islands include Stewart Island/Rakiura; Waiheke Island, in Auckland's Hauraki Gulf; Great Barrier Island, east of the Hauraki Gulf; and the Chatham Islands, named Rēkohu by Moriori. The country has extensive marine resources, with the seventh-largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world, covering over four million square kilometres (1.5 million sq mi), more than 15 times its land area.[5]
jcoop11

The Maori - Spirituality - New Zealand in History - 0 views

history-nz.org/maori6.html

cultures pacific religions

shared by jcoop11 on 17 May 07 - Cached
  • Most things contain "mana" - spiritual essence. Mana is within man himself, land, nature, and also man-made objects. Contact with mana contained objects or beings by non-authorised persons or objects could cause the mana to be drained away.
  • In the beginning the belief was that the god Tane offered mankind three baskets of knowledge - "Nga Kete-o-te-Wananga". Within these baskets were the stories of creation, instructions concerning magic, etc. The Māori believe all living things are descended from the Gods, embodied within certain mountains, rivers and lakes. All things have a type of soul - the wairua. This is why the Māori have strong spiritual ties to the land.
  • Extremely strict rules of "tapu" protected ceremonial objects
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Tapu is the strongest force in Māori life. It has numerous meanings and references. Tapu can be interpreted as "sacred", or defined as "spiritual restriction" or "implied prohibition", containing a strong imposition of rules and prohibitions. A person, an object or a place, which is tapu, may not be touched by human contact. In some cases, not even approached. A person, object or a place could be made sacred by tapu for a certain time, and the two main types of tapu were private and public. Private tapu concerned individuals, and public tapu concerned communities. In earlier times, tribal members of a higher rank would not touch objects which belonged to members of a lower rank. This was considered "pollution". Similarly, persons of a lower rank could not touch the belongings of a highborn person. Death was the penalty.
gcn6767

world sim - 18 views

1. At first we should have a large amount of hard power due to our military power (Ottoman Empire). Large amount of land is desert and play to our home field advantage. 2. We should have a averag...

world

started by gcn6767 on 24 May 07 no follow-up yet
senoumou

Ideas from Games - 55 views

After today's games in class, what I suggest is that we can think about limiting the strenght of growing nations, and give a kind of long life to weak nations. By doing so, the competition might be...

gaming worldsim

started by Mike Wesch on 21 May 07 6 follow-ups, last by senoumou on 24 May 07
jcoop11

Indigenous Australians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Indigenous_Australians

pacific

shared by jcoop11 on 17 May 07 - Cached
  • not been shown to be related to any languages outside Australia. In the late 18th century, there were anywhere between 350 and 750 distinct groupings and a similar number of languages and dialects
  • At the time of first European contact, it is estimated that a minimum of 315,000 and as many as 1 million people lived in Australia. Recent archaeological evidence suggests that the land could have sustained a population of 750,000[11].
  • the regions of heaviest Indigenous population were the same temperate coastal regions that are currently the most heavily populated
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • While Torres Strait Island populations were agriculturalists who supplemented their diet through the acquisition of wild foods the remainder of Indigenous Australians were hunter-gatherers. Indigenous Australians along the coast and rivers were also expert fishermen. Some Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders relied on the dingo as a companion animal, using it to assist with hunting and for warmth on cold nights.
  • Torres Strait Islanders
  • Indigenous Australians did practise agriculture.
  • sugar cane, taro and sweet potato as well as husbanding pigs
  • To enable men and women to find suitable partners, many groups would come together for annual gatherings (commonly known as corroborees) at which goods were traded, news exchanged, and marriages arranged amid appropriate ceremonies. This practice both reinforced clan relationships and prevented inbreeding in a society based on small semi-nomadic groups.
  • mainland Australia no animal other than the dingo
  • Indigenous diet included a wide variety of foods, such kangaroo, emu, wombats, goanna, snakes, birds, many insects such as honey ants and witchetty grubs. Many varieties of plant foods such as taro, nuts, fruits and berries were also eaten.
  • A primary tool used in hunting was the spear, launched by a woomera or spear-thrower in some locales. Boomerangs were also used by some mainland Indigenous peoples. The non-returnable boomerang (known more correctly as a Throwing Stick), more powerful than the returning kind, could be used to injure or even kill a kangaroo.
  • Permanent villages were the norm for most Torres Strait Island communities. In some areas mainland Indigenous Australians also lived in semi-permanent villages, most usually in less arid areas where fishing could provide for a more settled existence. Most Indigenous communities were semi-nomadic, moving in a regular cycle over a defined territory,
  • Many Indigenous communities also have a very complex kinship structure and in some places strict rules about marriage. In traditional societies, men are required to marry women of a specific moiety
  • In contrast Australian Aborigines did not cultivate any crops and lacked any domestic food animals
  • The Indigenous Australians lived through great climatic changes and adapted successfully to their changing physical environment
bmoran

Carbon Sinks, Forests and Climate Change - Global Issues - 0 views

www.globalissues.org/...Forests.asp

carbon-sinks climate deforestation globalwarming

shared by bmoran on 28 May 07 - Cached
  • Over the past 150 years, deforestation has contributed an estimated 30 percent of the atmospheric build-up of CO2. It is also a significant driving force behind the loss of genes, species, and critical ecosystem services. However, in the international policy arena, biodiversity loss and climate change have often moved in wholly unconnected domains. — Climate, Biodiversity, and Forests, World Resources Institute, 1998
  • Carbon Sinks and LandA mechanism suggested for tackling climate change and warming has been the idea of using "Carbon Sinks" to soak up carbon dioxide. To aid in this, reforestation, or planting of new forests, have been suggested. This is a popular strategy for the logging industry and nations with large forests interests, such as Canada, the United States, various Latin American nations, and some Asian countries such as Indonesia.While there may be some potential in this solution, it cannot be effective on its own. This is because it legitimizes continued destruction of old-growth and pristine forests which are rich ecosystem and have an established biodiversity base (albeit shrinking now) that naturally maintain the environment (at no cost!). Creating new forest areas would require the creation of entire ecosystems. It is also criticized for being a quick fix that doesn't tackle the root causes effectively and doesn't lead to, or promote actual emissions reduction.
  • Environmentalists and others point out that the use of carbon sinks is a big loophole in the Kytoto Protocol; that if carbon sinks can be counted towards emissions reductions credit, then industrialized countries would be able to meet their commitments while reducing emissions by less than would otherwise be required. Because they are carbon sinks, it means that when forests burn or as vegetation naturally dies, they release more carbon too (because it is stored carbon). As the climate changes, it is possible that there may be more forest fires etc, releasing more carbon. (And then these sinks would become sources!)
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