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Shree B

Harappan Civilization: ca. 3000-1500 BC - 1 views

www.thenagain.info/...Harappa.html

Shree Harappan Civilization Downfall

shared by Shree B on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • The similarities in plan and construction between Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa indicate that they were part of a unified government with extreme organization. Both cities were constructed of the same type and shape of bricks. The two cities may have existed simultaneously and their sizes suggest that they served as capitals of their provinces.
    • Shree B
      Shree B on 29 Sep 09
       
      Mohenjodaro and Harappa were a part of the same society, with the same basic structure
  • The Harappan civilization experienced its height around 2500 BC and began to decline about 2000 BC. The causes of its downfall are not certain. One theory suggests that the Aryan people migrated into this area. Aryan religious texts and human remains in Mohenjo-Daro suggest that the Aryans may have violently entered the area, killing its inhabitants and burning the cities.
    • Shree B
      Shree B on 29 Sep 09
       
      But didn't Armesto say that the people died because of a slow decline in population, gradual impoverishment of material culture, and a relentless increase in disease? Where are they getting the story abput the Aryan's invading?
  • The inhabitants of the Indus valley dispersed before the Aryans slowly entered the area as a nomadic people.
    • Shree B
      Shree B on 29 Sep 09
       
      That makes sense. The people left because the landscape was no longer inducive to agriculture. But then why would the nomads come to this region? They were probably following the animals, but why would the animals come to this infertile region?
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Topsoil erosion, depletion of nutrients from the soil, or a change in the course of the Indus River may have forced these people to leave their towns and move northeastward in search of more fertile land.
    • Shree B
      Shree B on 29 Sep 09
       
      Got it! :)
  • One of the most fascinating yet mysterious cultures of the ancient world is the Harappan civilization.
  • Only part of this language has been deciphered today, leaving numerous questions about this civilization unanswered.
  • Shree B on 29 Sep 09
     
    SHREE
francesca roberts

The Shang and Zhou Dynasties - 0 views

www.fsmitha.com/ch06.htm

shared by francesca roberts on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • A Shang emperor was chief priest, and he had an administrative bureaucracy, with councilors, lesser priests and diviners.
    • francesca roberts
      francesca roberts on 29 Sep 09
       
      A Shang emperor was chief priest, and he had an administrative bureaucracy with councilors, lesser priests, and diviners.
  • warrin
  • And women in Shang civilization were subservient to men, with aristocratic women
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • And women in Shang civilization were subservient to men
    • francesca roberts
      francesca roberts on 29 Sep 09
       
      Women subservient to men.
  • They saw nature as numerous gods using magic, gods called kuei-shen, a word for ghost or spirit. They had a god they thought produced rain
  • The people of Shang civilization believed in an invisible heaven
  • Zhou emperors told those they had conquered that they, the Zhou, had ousted the ancestors of Shang emperors from heaven and that heaven was occupied by their supreme god, a god they called "The Lord on High," who, they said, had commanded the downfall of the Shang emperors. Like emperors in West Asia, Zhou emperors claimed that they ruled by divine right
  • gods could exercise either benevolent or malevolent magic
  • emperors the local rulers received gifts such as chariots, bronze w
  • a married aristocrat became infatuated with another woman, rather than drive his wife from his home he could bring the other woman into the family as a concubine, where she would rank beneath his wife
Jenna L

Why were the city life and agriculture of the Harappan Civilization in danger of collap... - 11 views

Shows the idea of an appropriate diagnosis of what lead to the extinction of the civilization. and if they all migrated elsewhere, noone was there to tend to the crops and the city life decreased, ...

http:__www.newworldencyclopedia.org_entry_Indus_Valley_Civilization

started by Jenna L on 29 Sep 09 1 follow-up, last by Jenna L on 29 Sep 09
Thomas S

The coming of the Aryans to the Indus Valley - 0 views

www.harappa.com/maha2.html

shared by Thomas S on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • Parpola's new hypothesis will have to be examined in detail by specialists in South Asian history and Indo-European linguistics. So far as the Indus Civilization is concerned the main implication of the new theory seems to be that the Aryan-Dasa conflict recorded in the earliest portions of the Rigveda is the story of the hostilities and eventual fusion of two Aryan tribes, which took place before their entry into the Indian sub-continent and has thus no relevance to the demise of the mature phase of the Indus Civilization.
  • be that the Aryan-Dasa conflict recorded in the earliest portions of the Rigveda is the story of the hostilities and eventual fusion of two Aryan tribes, which took place before their entry into the Indian sub-contine
Thomas S

Intro/Rise and fall of the Indus Civilization - 0 views

www.harappa.com/maha1.html

shared by Thomas S on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • The Indus Civilization flourished between about 2600 and 1800 BC when it collapsed into regional cultures at the Late Harappan stage. According to Parpola the collapse was due to a combination of several factors like over-exploitation of the environment, drastic changes in the river-courses, series of floods, water-logging and increased salinity of the irrigated lands. Finally the weakened cities would have become easy victims of the raiders from Central Asia, whose arrival heralded a major cultural discontinuity in South Asi
Jennifer Truong

Sea Peoples and the Phoenicians - 1 views

www.phoenician.org/sea_peoples.htm

shared by Jennifer Truong on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • Relentless attacks by groups known as the Sea Peoples around 1200 BC virtually destroyed all the major powers of the Mediterranean, and cleared the way for the rise of the Greeks, Romans and Western civilization.[
  • the collapse of the two great empires of that day—the Hittite in Anatolia and the Mycenaean in Greece—brought about their (peoples’) mass migrations to the coastlands of the Levant and Cyprus.
  • The collapse of those two empires was basically laid to economic and environmental factors.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • An examination of the Sea Peoples would be remiss if it did not also acknowledge another popular theory: that these people were from the lost city of Atlantis,
  • relationship or partnership of some nature between the Sea Peoples and the Phoenicians is clearly in evidence.
  • Sea Peoples who took action. In 1208 BC they sailed to Egypt in small numbers, estimated at 5000 warriors,[xxvii] and attacked the successor to Ramses: king Merneptah. To do this they joined with the Egyptians’ western neighbors, the Libyans, and mounted an attack on the Nile Delta. Merneptah routed those forces, as described on his victory stele at Thebes.[xxviii]
  • a) the city of Ugarit which was totally destroyed and never rebuilt, b) the Hittite empire which was destroyed and left only a residual fragment on the Euphrates River, c) the Mycenaeans who were fatally wounded and would disappear completely within a hundred years, and d) Egypt which had won the battles but lost the Levant—it would waste away and become a shadow of its former self.
  • a) the tribes of people who came from Anatolia—and the lands to its north and west—who migrated into the Levant and onto islands across the Mediterranean, b) the Kaska who kept their original lands in the north of Anatolia on the Black Sea, and added the heart of the Hittite territories to their own, c) the West Anatolian people who remained in their own lands, but added some of the Hittite lands, and gained influence in the Aegean, and d) the Phoenicians who seem to have gained more than anyone else from the mass migration of the Land and Sea Peoples.
  • The legacy of the Sea Peoples was that they had forcefully cleared away the old powers from the Mediterranean and left freshly plowed ground. In time the Greeks and Romans would rise and they—together with the often overlooked Phoenicians—would sow the seeds of Western civilization.
  • Jennifer Truong on 29 Sep 09
     
    I didn't really understand the Sea People.. even though very little is known about them, this still wasn't clear to me after reading Armesto.
Jenna L

Tiglathpileser I - 2 views

www.thenagain.info/...Tiglathpileser.html

shared by Jenna L on 01 Oct 09 - Cached
  • Tiglath-pileser, the powerful king, king of hosts, who has no rival, king of the four quarters (of the world),
    • stephen levy
      stephen levy on 01 Oct 09
       
      shows how the ruler is arrogant by "ruling the world"
    • Marylynn Smitherman
      Marylynn Smitherman on 01 Oct 09
       
      He thinks he rules the entire world, and he talks about himself in the third person. He is arrogant and thinks that he is the most powerful man in the world
    • Dane Dyslin
      Dane Dyslin on 01 Oct 09
       
      The scribe of this document places great emphasis on the divine and all-powerful Tiglathpileser, giving the implication that whatever this man said was law and he is supreme secular mouth of the gods
  • te shepherd whose name is exalted above all rulers; the lofty judge, whose weapons Ashur has sharpened, and whose name, as ruler over the four quarters (of the world),
    • Marylynn Smitherman
      Marylynn Smitherman on 01 Oct 09
       
      He thinks of himself close to a god, if not a full god
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 02 Oct 09
       
      so he could be looked at as a Gilgamesh. he was half g-d and half human
  • and overthrows the foes of Ashur.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Ashur and the great gods who have enlarged my kingdom, who have given me strength and power as my portion, commanded me to extend the territory of their (the gods') country, putting into my hand their powerful weapons, the cyclone of battle.
    • Dane Dyslin
      Dane Dyslin on 01 Oct 09
       
      King T's reason for and claim to legitamacy to attack these lands is given by the supreme law of gods. He cements their power with his own
  • the beginning of my government, five kings
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 01 Oct 09
       
      how is this a government when a government consists of an elected leader by and for the public?
    • Marylynn Smitherman
      Marylynn Smitherman on 01 Oct 09
       
      it is a monarchial government, not a democratic government
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 02 Oct 09
       
      I see. So it doesn't specifically define government as a type of government auch as ours. Gotchaaa
  • With sixty kings I fought, spreading terror (among them), and achieved a glorious victory over them.
  • the terrible, destroying flame, which like the rush of the storm sweeps over the enemy's country
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 01 Oct 09
       
      this relates to both the Conrad - Demarest model 1E and Jared Diamond's lecture (mutaul antagonisms amoung those states caused by relations with hostile neighbors and societies.
  • adversary
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 01 Oct 09
       
      one who contends with the opposition by fighting for what they beleive in or the right cause (AKA and ARMY)
  • spreading terror (among them)
    • Errett W.
      Errett W. on 01 Oct 09
       
      using fear in the past as well, a constant theme?
    • Brittany Alexis
      Brittany Alexis on 01 Oct 09
       
      The Assyrian army used scare tactis to achieve victory and power
  • In the beginning of my government, five kings . . . with an army of twenty thousand men . . .--and whose power no king had ever broken and overcome in battle--trusting to their strength rushed down and conquered the land of Qummuh (Commagene).
  • I waged battle in Qummuh with these five kings and their twenty thousand soldiers and accomplished their defeat. Like the Thunderer (the storm god Adad) I crushed the corpses of their warriors in the battle that caused their overthrow. I made their blood to flow over all the ravines and high places of mountains. I cut off their heads and piled them up at the walls of their cities like heaps of grain. I carried off their booty, their goods, and their property beyond reckoning. Six thousand, the rest of their troops, who had fled before my weapons and had thrown themselves at my feet, I took away as prisoners and added to the people of my country.
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 01 Oct 09
       
      this is a very visual description used to describe the wagging of battle and it show the perspective of people at the time of this battle (violence prospers when it come to mortal combat).
    • Dane Dyslin
      Dane Dyslin on 01 Oct 09
       
      King T appeals to his audience of his subjects by glorifying himself as a god and bragging that he accomplished this almost impossible victory with ease through his power.
    • Brittany Alexis
      Brittany Alexis on 01 Oct 09
       
      This passage shows the strength and resiliance of the Assyrian army, and their brutal mindset in the face of battle.
    • Marylynn Smitherman
      Marylynn Smitherman on 02 Oct 09
       
      This is King T's recounting of the battle that had the odds stacked against him, but he still won. So know he thinks of himself like a god, like when he says "like the Thunderer i crushed the corpses of their warriors..." he is boasting about his victory and his almightiness
  • shur, my lord
  • Six thousand, the rest of their troops, who had fled before my weapons and had thrown themselves at my feet, I took away as prisoners and added to the people of my country.
    • Errett W.
      Errett W. on 01 Oct 09
       
      Population growth through hostile parties.
  • Like the Thunderer (the storm god Adad) I crushed the corpses of their warriors in the battle that caused their overthrow. I made their blood to flow over all the ravines and high places of mountains.
  • army of twenty thousand men
  • 1115-1077 BC
  • Ashur and the great gods who have enlarged my kingdom, who have given me strength and power as my portion, commanded me to extend the territory of their (the gods') country, putting into my hand their powerful weapons, the cyclone of battle.
  • Assyria I added more land, to its people I added more people, enlarging the boundaries of my land and conquering all (neighboring?) territories.
  • conquered the land of Qummuh
  • I conquered Qummuh to its whole extent, and carried off their booty, their goods, and their property; I burned their cities with fire, destroyed, and devastated.
    • Marylynn Smitherman
      Marylynn Smitherman on 01 Oct 09
       
      he took all of the glory because he was the leader. though he alone didn't do all those things, it was his army.
    • Dane Dyslin
      Dane Dyslin on 02 Oct 09
       
      King T exercises his "rights" as demigod by taking away these peoples habitats and their homes. It also makes it sound like only King T did this; by himself.
  • t traversed Kashiari, an almost impassable region
  • aged battle in Qummuh with these five kings and their twenty thousand soldiers and accomplished their defea
  • I took away as prisoners and added to the people of my country.
  • beginning of my government
  • king of all rulers, lord of lords, king of kings; the lofty prince . . . who rules over the nations, the legitim
  • I made no delay,
  • conquests
    • Jenna L
      Jenna L on 02 Oct 09
       
      conquest was part of the struggle and "wants" of the time and commonly caused one or more civilizations to collapse
  • chariots and assembled
  • Nate Kogan on 01 Oct 09
     
    Source for DBQ on Assyrian Empire
  • abby c on 01 Oct 09
     
    account of King Til. about the conquering and expansion
abby c

British Museum - The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III - 3 views

www.britishmuseum.org/...ck_obelisk_of_shalmaneser.aspx

shared by abby c on 01 Oct 09 - Cached
  • It was erected as a public monument in 825 BC at a time of civil war.
  • The second register from the top includes the earliest surviving picture of an Israelite: the Biblical Jehu, king of Israel, brought or sent his tribute in around 841 BC
  • There are five scenes of tribute
    • Margaret L
      Margaret L on 01 Oct 09
       
      Conquered a lot.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Assyrian kings often collected exotic animals and plants as an expression of their power.
  • tribute they exacted from their neighbours: including camels, monkeys, an elephant and a rhinoceros. Assyrian kings often collected exotic animals and plants as an expression of their power.
    • Michael McGarry
      Michael McGarry on 01 Oct 09
       
      very agressive military policy
    • Thanasis Kouris
      Thanasis Kouris on 01 Oct 09
       
      Celebrating their achievements and also used as intimidation for any visiting dignitaries from other cultures.
  • military campaigns
  • Nate Kogan on 01 Oct 09
     
    Secondary source overview of Black Obelisk object. Text for the document can be found at http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Assyria/Inscra01.html
Kevin M

Knossos Palace: site knossos, king minos, mythology greece, crete knossos, minoa palace... - 1 views

www.zeus.gr/...knossos.html

shared by Kevin M on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • In the mythology King Minos was the ruler of Knossos. He was born from the union of Zeus and Europa. His wife Pasiphae bore a monster, half-bull and half-man, the Minotaur. He was imprisoned in an underground labyrinth designed by Deadalus.
  • human sacrifice
  • The purpose of this myth was to show the power of King Minos and Athens'; subjugation to the Minoan civilization
Jennie Y.

In China, Ancient History Kindles Modern Doubts - The New York Times - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...ory-kindles-modern-doubts.html

shared by Jennie Y. on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • Chinese civilization has 5,000 years of uninterrupted history
  • hard proof of the first 2,000 years is missing.
  • Ample evidence does exist of early cultures in the Yellow River Valley, where legend holds that the Chinese language and imperial system took form under a mythical Yellow Emperor 5,000 years ago. But no firmly documented chronology of rulers, reigns and conquests -- of the sort that exists for ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia -- actually goes back beyond 841 B.C.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project
  • scholars in disciplines including archaeology, astronomical history, early manuscripts and the parsing of inscriptions on bronze vessels and divination bones had made many new discoveries and synthesized the sketchy evidence.
  • ''A history without chronology is no history at all,'' Mr. Song wrote in a newspaper article this fall. ''It can only be called rumor or myth.''
  • Yellow Emperor
  • 771 B.C., when the Zhou Dynasty fell
  • Jennie Y. on 29 Sep 09
     
    Our history book talks about the Shang empire as well as the Zhou, but no specific rulers are ever mentioned.
Chase Hale

Egypt: Who Were the Sea People - 3 views

www.touregypt.net/...seapeople.htm

shared by Chase Hale on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • loose confederation
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Is this related to the "nomadic" perception by Armesto.
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      However, the Sea Peoples must have had some form of power to be able to conquer other societies.
  • originating in the eastern Mediterranean
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      The Sea People's origin.
  • Between 1200 and 1176 BC, the chaos that occurred in that region was probably a direct outcome of Sea People activity
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Chaotic in the sense of battles and in power?
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • They had arrived in that area almost a century earlier
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Stable government to have been able to last over 100 years and not have a permanent home.
  • No land could stand before their arms
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Undefeated until Egypt.
  • The Peleset, who were non other than the Philistines that gave their name to Palestine.  The Lukka who may have come from the Lycian region of Anatolia.  The Ekwesh and Denen who seem to be identified with the Homeric Achaean and Danaean Greeks The Sherden who may be associated with Sardinia. The Teresh (Tursha or Tyrshenoi - possibly the Tyrrhenians), the Greek name for the Etruscans; or from the western Anatolian Taruisa  Shekelesh (Shekresh, Sikeloi - Sicilians?) 
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      All possible origins or ancestors for the Sea Peoples.
  • widespread crop failures and famine
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      The Sea People became nomadic because of scarce food.
  • the initial settlement
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      They actually had a permanent residence?
  • they carried their possessions in ox-drawn cards, prepared to settle down though whatever territory they transverse
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      They were constantly settling.
  • Sea People's alliance appears to have remained strong
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Alliance with Egyptians?
  • It was clear that their ultimate goal was Egypt. 
  • Egypt seems to have been ready for this onslaught,
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      PREPARED!!!!!
  • In the brutal hand to hand fighting which ensued the Sea People are utterly defeated. 
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Did this end the Sea Peoples' society forever?
  • While the Sea People forever changed the face of the Mediterranean world
    • Audrey Laker
      Audrey Laker on 29 Sep 09
       
      Because they conquered so many other societies and civilizations.
  • loose confederation
  • loose confederation
  • loose confederation
  • loose confederation
  • loose confederation
  • loose confederation
  • they did manage to invade Egypt's northern coast and apparently mounted campaigns against the Egyptians on more than one occasion.
  • when it came was a complete success for the Egyptians. The Sea Peoples, on land, were defeated and scattered but their navy continued towards the eastern Nile delta.
  • Between 1200 and 1176 BC, the chaos that occurred in that region was probably a direct outcome of Sea People activity, and may be one reason why we find it difficult to find historical documentation beyond that date in Asia Minor.
  • It would seem that, rather then bands of plunderers, the Sea People were probably part of a great migration of displaced people.
  • As they began to enter Egypt, the warriors were usually accompanied by their wives and families, and it appears that they carried their possessions in ox-drawn cards, prepared to settle down though whatever territory they transverse.
  • However, the Sea People's alliance appears to have remained strong, for afterwards they destroyed the Hittite empire, ransacking the capital of Hattusas, and were probably responsible for the sacking of the client city of Ugarit on the Syrian coast, as well as cities such as Alalakh in northern Syria. Cyprus had also been overwhelmed and its capital Enkomi ransacked. It was clear that their ultimate goal was Egypt.
  • The Sea People, who we are told of on reliefs at Medinet Habu and Karnak, as well as from the text of the Great Harris Papyrus (now in the British Museum), are said to be a loose confederation of people originating in the eastern Mediterranean.
  • Although the Egyptians had a reputation as poor seamen
  • Dane Dyslin on 29 Sep 09
     
    I am looking at a italisized document in the middle of the page which gives best mention to the identity, or rather lack of, of the Sea Peoples. They turn out to be miscellaneous societies from the Aegean such as the Phillistines. Sea Peoples seems to be a term encompassing any invaders of Egypt from the time that came by the sea.
Amy Barrett

Life and society in the Hittite world - Google Books - 3 views

books.google.com/books

shared by Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
    • Amy Barrett
      Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09
       
      The Hittite Kingdom had storehouses, cities, and armies that were nearly equal to the Ancient River Valley Civilizations. Hittites were a powerful and respected group of their time since other groups of significant power respected them.
    • Amy Barrett
      Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09
       
      Trade created social power, relationships which created new power and reinforced old systems of power, culture and prosperity in money for the Hittites and those with whom they traded.
    • Amy Barrett
      Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09
       
      Hittite kings were in control over the miliary and justice systems. They also controlled communications with the gods. The Hittites considered the king an assistant to the sun god on Earth.
  • Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09
     
    Trade created new relationships of power, reinforced old relationships of power, distributed culture and made economic prosperity for the Hittite kingdom and those with whom it traded.
  • Amy Barrett on 29 Sep 09
     
    How did the Hittite kingdom become a regional power during the Last Bronze Age (1700-1200 BC)?
Meaghan Houston

Archaeological Sites: Knossos - 0 views

www.mnsu.edu/...knossos.html

shared by Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • 1700 BC after a massive earthquake and again rebuilt and modified in 1500 BC after a devastating fire.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      Multiple natural disasters
  • drainage sumps, luxurious bathrooms, ventilation systems, ground-water conduits and waste chutes.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      Wow, that seems pretty fancy for a palace in 1500 BC...
  • Kitchens, residences, storerooms, bathrooms, workshops, and ceremonial rooms were discovered.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • 19,000 gallons of oil.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      What was all of that oil for?
  • Originally Evans believed the artifacts were ten thousand years old, but later experts dated these stone artifacts to be five thousand years old.
  • The layout of a courtyard in the palace hinted at a labyrinth type plan, the rooms, corridors and halls of various storage areas built in a confusing pattern.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      Was there a specific reason why the courtyard was a labyrinth?
  • How was the civilization destroyed? The destruction is apparent but its cause is not.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      Good question...
  • However, most experts have since decided that Crete was invaded and destroyed.
    • Meaghan Houston
      Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
       
      Wouldn't they be able to tell the difference between an invasion and an earthquake and its impact on the buildings and the environment?
  • Zeus fathered a son, Minos, who became the King of Knossos,
  • Greek mythology immortalized Crete and Knossos with its legends
  • the remains of buildings spanning over an area of 8,480 square feet.
  • 2000 BC.
  • Meaghan Houston on 29 Sep 09
     
    This helped me clarify the palace of Knossos a bit. I was hoping for a bit more of why the people seemed to die of malnutrition if there was so much food stored in the palace, but this has a good history of it.
Mariano A

Olmec Civilization, Crystalinks - 0 views

www.crystalinks.com/olmec.html

shared by Mariano A on 29 Sep 09 - Cached
  • Those three major Olmec centers are spaced from east to west across the domain so that each center could exploit, control, and provide a distinct set of natural resources valuable to the overall Olmec economy. La Venta, the eastern center, is near the rich estuaries of the coast, and also could have provided cacao, rubber, and salt. San Lorenzo, at the center of the Olmec domain, controlled the vast flood plain area of Coatzacoalcos basin and riverline trade routes.
    • Mariano A
      Mariano A on 29 Sep 09
       
      an example of the environmental mosaic, important for the development of the empire
  • Olmec public-ceremonial buildings were most typically earthen platform mounds, some of which had larger house-like structures built upon them.
  • swampy lowlands punctuated by low hill ridges and volcanoes
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Altars were actually the thrones of Olmec rulers. The carving on the front of the throne shows the identified ruler sitting in a niche that symbolizes a cave entrance to the supernatural powers of the underworld.
    • Mariano A
      Mariano A on 29 Sep 09
       
      Another example of the ruler being an intermidiary between the people and the gods
  • Olmec Ruler or God connected physical and spiritual worlds
  • The turned down mouth, a feline feature, suggests that the human ruler was aided by a power animal such as a cat, jacquar, traditionally the spirit campanion of shamans and kings.
    • Mariano A
      Mariano A on 29 Sep 09
       
      shows religious connection to environment, more specifically animals
  • such as the fire god, rain god, corn/maize god, and the Feathered Serpent
    • Mariano A
      Mariano A on 29 Sep 09
       
      environmental connection again
  • reoccurring motif of the 'Were-jaguar' can be seen in many statuettes and carvings
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