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alicia waid

Cannabis and mental health - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC1124674

schizophrenia cannabis mental health psychosis studies statistics depression

shared by alicia waid on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Cannabis is too easy to access (become more and more easy to access, as well).  People are under the influence that smoking cannabis is not bad for you, and that it is, in fact, better than smoking tobacco.  However, this is not the case, as researchers are starting to see that cannabis might actually be causing mental illnesses. 
  • most drug users take other drugs in addition to cannabis create methodological problems and explain the dearth of reliable evidence
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It is believed that cannabis triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people, however this cannot be certain, because many of the people being researched on have taken other drugs, which makes it hard to determine wether the triggers are from the cannabis or from any of the other drugs.
  • ...34 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      During a test (that occurred over 15 years), it was discovered that by smoking marijuana during adolescence, you are increasing your risk of developing schizophrenia.  However, they are not certain that marijuana is the only cause: Other drugs might be a factor too, and a few other concepts. 
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In addition, research is showing that cannabis also has a relation with depression.  It was studied over a period of 15 years, and results show that by smoking cannabis, you are increasing your risk of developing a major depression.  It was also showed that the use of cannabis also increases the idea of suicide and inability to feel pleasure.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Although only few studies were talked about in the National institution of Health, they are enough to prove that cannabis increases ones rist of developing schizophrenia AND depression.  The studies also provide very little support to prove that there is also a link between marijuana and mental health problems that are largely due to self medication (harder to prove).  These studies are not trying to say that if you smoke cannabis you will develop schizophrenia or depression, however it is saying that those who are more vulnerable will.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It is important to note that those who use cannabis must reduce their usage if they want their risk of developing schizophrenia or depression to decrease.  It was estimated that if you were to have reduced your exposure to cannabis, the incidence of psychosis would have reduced treatment by as much as 50% (Dutch study).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In a Swedish study, it was proved that the use of cannabis increases your chances of developing schizophrenia by 30%.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Even more people are anticipating that cannabis will continue to contribute to even more cases of mental illnesses in the future.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      With further analysis, it has been discovered that cannabis is the drug associated with the possibility of developing schizophrenia (and not the impact of other drugs).  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      During another experiment, it was found that 59 people with a basic diagnosis of a psychotic disorder show a strong association with the use of cannabis and psychosis.  It is evident that the longer you've been smoking the drug, the more your symtoms will worsen(there is a higher chance), just like with any other drug.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In New Zealand, it was discovered that people who smoke marijuana are three times more likely to develop schizophrenia, by the age of 15 or 18.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      An Australian study was also made that shows the more you smoke cannabis, the higher your rates of anxiety or depression might be.  It was proven that this link is more prone to young women than young men, however this was not proved in any other study (except the australian one).  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was proven, however, that any young human being that has used cannabis three times or more by the age of 18 is more likely to have some sort of depressive disorder by the age of 26! (And unfortunately, this was proved even to those that stopped smoking cannabis and got themselves under control.  After the first 3 times, it was too late).
  • 1990s
  • The link between cannabis and psychosis is well established
  • link between use of marijuana and depression
  • triggers the onset or relapse of schizophrenia in predisposed people and also exacerbates the symptoms generally
  • use of marijuana during adolescence increased the risk of schizophrenia in a dose-response relation
  • possible causal role of other drugs, and prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia
  • led to the use of cannabis, rather than cannabis triggering the psychosis.
  • is associated with later schizophrenia and that this is not explained by prodromal symptoms
  • cannabis
  • relation between
  • strong association between use of cannabis and psychosis
  • Participants who showed psychotic symptoms at baseline and used cannabis had a worse outcome
  • used cannabis three times or more by age 15 or 18
  • more likely to have schizophreniform disorder at age 26
  • cannabis increased the risk of major depression
  • increase in suicidal ideation and anhedonia
  • the use of cannabis and anxiety or depression in a large cohort of 14-15 year olds followed for seven years
  • Length of exposure to use of cannabis predicted the severity of the psychosis
  • higher rates of anxiety or depression
  • frequency
  • study in the New Zealand
  • did not find an association between cannabis use at age 15 and depressive disorder at age 26
  • that young people who had used cannabis three times or more by age 18 were more likely to have a depressive disorder at age 26
  • findings strengthen the argument that use of cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia and depression
  • importance of reducing the use of cannabis in people who use it
  • exposure to cannabis would have reduced the incidence of psychosis requiring treatment by as much as 50%
  • showing that the use of cannabis increased the risk of schizophrenia by 30%
  • cannabis will contribute to more episodes or new cases of the illness
Erin Waxman

Military uses war simulations to help prevent PTSD in soldiers | PRI.ORG - 1 views

www.pri.org/...nt-ptsd-in-soldiers-13189.html

military war simulations help ptsd soldiers

shared by Erin Waxman on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • War simulations are being used by the military to mentally prepare and test soldiers for the stressful conditions they could face during war. Researchers hope to prevent future cases of PTSD among combat veterans through new initiatives they're testing now.
  • the U.S. has had about 2.5 million soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan, and an estimated 300,000 have been diagnosed with PTSD.
  • The Department of Defense is spending millions of dollars to figure out effective ways to treat and, hopefully, prevent PTSD, Noonan said.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      very important investment. PTSD is a horrible illness and with so many soldiers developing it, we need to find a way to prevent it.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • "These (simulations) are intended to expose the recruits to combat conditions to teach them that they can trust their training, that they can actually do their jobs, perform first aid, execute whatever orders they're supposed to be executing, under combat condition," he said. "It also introduces them to fear and stress under combat conditions."
  • who tosses volunteers out of airplanes with sensors all over their bodies to try and understand why combat veterans develop PTSD.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      i'd be interested to read more about this
  • Parodi has found that some people possess an optimal fear response, which she calls the "warrior brain" — meaning they think clearly during a stressful period and once the stressful period ends, their fear response returns back to normal.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      I wonder how much this has to do with the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the nervous system.
  • "As far as to the application to preventing PTSD, I think what the military ultimately wants to do is to be able to develop and incorporate into their training program, similar to what the SEALS are doing, where you can expose recruits to stressful situations," he said. "But you also want to arm them with the psychological tools — that they need to recognize, that they need to function at maximum capacity during the stressful situation. And when it ends, they need to put it behind them and move on."
  • But the current treatment has a success rate of just 40 percent.
  • Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
     
    PRI Public Radio International article talks about the use of war simulators BEFORE going into the war for soldiers to hopefully prevent them from getting PTSD in the future. Very interesting to see that doctors are trying to stop this illness even before the soldiers go into war.
mira ahmad

Why teens are prone to drug addiction, behavioural disorders... - 0 views

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...7372717.cms

psychology Brain adolescent teens

shared by mira ahmad on 01 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • why adolescents are more vulnerable to drug addiction, behavioural disorders, and other psychological ills.
  • adolescent brains react to rewards with far greater excitement than adult brains.
  • a greater degree of disorganization in adolescent brains.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • At the time of reward, nearly one-third of adolescent neurons became excited (shown in red) though the level of inhibition (in blue) changed marginally. Adult neurons registered much higher inhibitory activity and less excitation.
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 01 Feb 11
       
      This explains the science behind the difference in brain activity between adults and teens. The adult neurons reacted with less excitation and higher inhibitory. 
  • The extreme difference in brain activity provides a possible physiological explanation as to why teenagers are more prone than adults to rash behaviour, addiction, and mental diseases
  • "This could intensify the effect of reward on decision making and answer several questions regarding adolescent behaviour,
  • The type of erratic activity in the cortex that she and Sturman observed could aggravate these conditions at a time when the maturing brain is vulnerable.
  • mira ahmad on 01 Feb 11
     
    This article is interesting because it explains the science behind the difference in brain activity between adults and teens. It then gives a physiological explanation as to why teens are more prone then adults are to addiction, mental diseases, behavioural disorders and psychological illnesses. It speaks about different parts of the brain, relating them to their specific activities and then explains how this effects the teen negatively, while comparing everything with adults.
Daryl Bambic

All in the brain? | Discursive of Tunbridge Wells - 0 views

blogs.canterbury.ac.uk/...all-in-the-brain

mental illness brain psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 22 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Daryl Bambic on 22 Feb 16
     
    "To make matters worse, research shows that exclusively biological theories of mental illness contribute to the stigma experienced by mental health patients, which I know you want to reduce[27]. "
Daryl Bambic

11.4 Two Fundamental Human Motivations: Eating and Mating | Introduction to Psychology ... - 1 views

opentextbc.ca/...-motivations-eating-and-mating

shared by Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22 - No Cached
  • orexin, ghrelin, and leptin
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is the key idea behind the KETO diet; eat very little sugar and carbs so the insulin levels drop and the body burns fat for energy.
  • interaction of the various systems that determine hunger creates a balance or homeostasis in which we eat when we are hungry and stop eating when we feel full.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      Remember this is the DRIVE REDUCTION theory.
  • Western societies are based on a very thin body ideal,
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      Meanwhile, in most African countries, women with larger bodies are desired and the thinner ones are seen as unhealthy.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Obesity is a leading cause of death worldwide.
  • Exercise increases cardiovascular capacity, lowers blood pressure, and helps improve diabetes, joint flexibility, and muscle strength (American Heart Association, 1998). Exercise also slows the cognitive impairments that are associated with aging (Kramer, Erickson, & Colcombe, 2006).
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      The book does not mention the important benefits of exercise for the brain at all ages,not just as we age.
  • Between 3% and 4% of men are gay, and between 1% and 2% of women are lesbian
  • The Canadian Psychological Association issued a policy statement in February 1982 endorsing the principle that there be no discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for (a) recruitment; (b) hiring; (c) salary; (d) promotion rate; (e) fringe benefits; or (f) assignment of duties. The American Psychiatric Association no longer considers homosexuality to be a mental illness, although it did so until 1973.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is a good example of sociological influences on the diagnosis and understanding of mental illness. This 'mental illness' was ousted from the DSM in 1973. You can read more here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695779/
  • Areas of the hypothalamus are different in homosexual men, as well as in animals with homosexual tendencies
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      It's the hypothalamus again!
  • Among male identical twins, 52% of those with a gay brother also reported homosexuality, whereas the rate in fraternal twins was just 22%
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This is an important fact that supports the role of biology in homosexuality.
  • In sum, while less than half of Canadian teens report having intercourse before age 18,
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
       
      This has changed - 55% of males and females have had sex by 18 yrs old. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2017/201706_NSFG.htm
  • Healthy Lives
  • Daryl Bambic on 16 Feb 22
     
    "sex"
Chanelle Miller

Stress Management - Academic Skills Center: Study Skills Library - Cal Poly, San Luis O... - 0 views

sas.calpoly.edu/...stressmanagement.html

stress

shared by Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • How Does Stress Affect You?
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological:  -Body produces hormones to fight harder or run faster. -Stress can cause heart disease due to the increase in blood pressure and tension that is put on the arteries. -Effects Your immune system therefore causing illnesses.
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological: -Lack of interaction and good decision making. -Stress can cause anxiety and depression
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Behavioural: -Causes you to be excited or annoyed. -Takes part in the reason why people smoke, drink and laziness
  • What Causes Stress?
  • Academics
  • ...76 more annotations...
  • Dating
  • Environment
  • Extracurricular
  • Peers
  • Time Management
  • Money
  • Parents
  • pressure of not failing.
  • relationship problems may add to the pressure/stress of academics.
  • viewing heated topics, slow moving traffic, trying to find a parking spot, etc.
  • extracurricular activities a part of their daily routine
  • pressure that is negatively influenced.
  • peer pressure
  • not knowing how to plan and execute daily activities
  • Money is a huge stressor that college students face.
  • Pressure from parents to succeed
  • Method for Identifying the Causes of Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      To help manage your stress first you must identify what's causing your stress. Then, List and prioritize the sources of stress to help overcome and mange your stress level. Crating a management plan and keeping a stress journal would also help!
  • Stress Management Strategies
  • Learn how to say “NO!”
  • Attitude
  • Laugh
  • Avoid alcohol and cigarettes
  • Healthy eating
  • Exercise
  • Relaxing your mind and body
  • Sleep
  • Healthy relationships
  • Time management
  • Organization
  • Budget
  • Spirituality
  • Determine your learning style
  • Slow Down
  • Find a support system
  • Make changes in your surroundings
  • Delegate responsibilities
  • know your limits and do not compromise them.
  • Thinking rationally can take you a long way.
  • it is human nature to want to freak out.
  • Do something that you enjoy,
  • If you are feeling upset, express your feelings.
  • Once the chemical leave your body, you are back to feeling stressed and you are probably worse off than when you started.
  • Eat at least one hot-home cooked meal a day
  • Exercise for 30 minutes a day for at least 3 times per week.
  • physical activities can help you in not only burning off calories, but burning off stress. Exercise helps release tension.
  • take deep breaths
  • alone time”
  • focusing your attention on the present moment.
  • Avoid taking naps for more than 1 hour.
  • at least 7 hours of sleep
  • talk and hang out with friends. Find some you relate to and with whom you can share your problems with.
  • create a schedule, or even a to-do list.
  • Mark down your class meeting times, study time for a specific subject, mealtimes, fun activities, and sleep.
  • learn how to organize your notes, keep track of your assignments and note important due dates or date of exams. Establish your priorities for the day.
  • Distribute your money according to the bills you need to pay for the quarter
  • finding meaning in your life, the ability to connect with others.
  • find out whether you are a visual, auditory or kinesthetic learner.
  • Take your time so that you can ensure a well done job.
  • find someone you feel comfortable sharing your feelings with.
  • try moving to a place where there is no loud music, and brighter lights.
  • dividing up the work or responsibilities helps alleviate pressure and stress.
  • response to a demand
  • brain recognizes a threat.
  • your body releases hormones that activate your “fight or flight” response.
  • Physiological
  • hormones help you to either fight harder or run faster. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
  • heart disease.
  • increase in heart rate and blood pressure, prolonged stress increases the tension that is put on the arteries.
  • immune system
  • cold and flu illness
  • Behavioral
  • jumpy, excitable, or even irritable.
  • drink or smoke heavily, neglect exercise or proper nutrition, or overuse either the television or the computer.
  • Psychological
  • decrease your ability to work or interact effectively with other people, and be less able to make good decisions.
  • anxiety and depression.
Daryl Bambic

Bipolar Disorder - 3 views

This is a credible site because it is recent and it is a medical website with the proper information on this disorder. It is also filled with tons of valuable information as well as facts to treat ...

brain psychology adolescents mania depression mixed episodes

started by gillian baron-goodman on 06 Apr 13 9 follow-ups, last by Daryl Bambic on 07 Apr 13
courtney galli

Schizophrenia: causes, symptoms and treatments - Mental Health A-Z - Douglas Mental Hea... - 0 views

www.douglas.qc.ca/...chizophrenia-causes-treatments

symptoms statistics causes treatments violence

shared by courtney galli on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • courtney galli
      courtney galli on 06 Apr 13
       
      Statistic
  • In Canada, one in every one hundred people is diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • In Canada, one in every one hundred people is diagnosed with schizophrenia
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • people
    • courtney galli
      courtney galli on 06 Apr 13
       
      Symptoms of schizophrenia 
  • Researchers do not yet know what causes schizophrenia
  • combination of problems, including genetic vulnerability and environmental factors.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 07 Apr 13
       
      And the site summary?
  • courtney galli on 06 Apr 13
     
    This site is credible because it is a mental institute with lots of experience with this mental illness.  There are many doctors and researchers who can add/update/correct the information on the site.   
Erin Waxman

Postpartum Depression | Canadian Mental Health Association - 0 views

www.cmha.ca/...postpartum-depression

#postpartum #help #symptoms #mothers #children

shared by Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • References to postpartum depression date back as far as the 4th century BC. Despite this early awareness, it has not always been recognized as an illness.
  • The sooner the condition is diagnosed, the more effective the treatment.
  • The mother may fear she is losing her mind or fear that others may feel she is unfit to be a mother.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      example: visions of seeing harm done to their baby, or even seeing them do harm to their own child.
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The “baby blues” is the most minor form of postpartum depression. It usually starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, and is characterized by weeping, irritability, lack of sleep, mood changes and a feeling of vulnerability. These “blues” can last several weeks. It’s estimated that between 50% and 80% of mothers experience them.
  • Women with this condition suffer despondency, tearfulness, feelings of inadequacy, guilt, anxiety, irritability and fatigue.
  • A woman with postpartum depression may regard her child with ambivalence, negativity or disinterest.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      to me this is the most scary thing in the world. To have just given life to a child and to feel such negative feelings towards it when it should be the happiest time in your life.
  • An adverse effect on the bonding between mother and child may result.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      very important and can cause severe damage to the child. The lack of feelings of love and belonging in a child's first years can result in many behavioural and psychological problems in the future.
  • The depression can begin at any time between delivery and 6 months post-birth, and may last up to several months or even a year
  • Postpartum psychosis is a relatively rare disorder. The symptoms include extreme confusion, fatigue, agitation, alterations in mood, feelings of hopelessness and shame, hallucinations and rapid speech or mania. Studies indicate that it affects only one in 1000 births.
  • The exact cause of postpartum depression is not known.
  • One factor may be the changes in hormone levels that occur during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 05 Apr 13
       
      this is the most common thought cause of the illness
  • There is no one trigger; postpartum depression is believed to result from many complex factors. It is important, however, to communicate to women with postpartum depression that they did not bring it upon themselves.
  • One certain fact is that women who have experienced depression before becoming pregnant are at higher risk for postpartum depression.
  • The risk increases in women who have experienced 2 or more abortions, or women who have a history of obstetric complications.
  • a difficult relationship, lack of a support network, stressful events during the pregnancy or after delivery.
  • Therapy, support networks and medicines such as antidepressants are used to treat postpartum depression.
Helena Daoud

Exercise, pleasure and the brain | Psychology Today - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...xercise-pleasure-and-the-brain

exercise pleasure brain psychology addiction depression stress data

shared by Helena Daoud on 02 May 13 - No Cached
  • And so, like nicotine or orgasm or food or gambling, it can become a substrate for addiction as well.
  • This can indeed be a genuine addiction
  • Exercise has a dramatic antidepressive effect.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • long-term improvements in mental function and is the single best thing one can do to slow the cognitive decline that accompanies normal aging.
  • a short-lasting, deeply euphoric state that's well beyond the simple relaxation or peacefulness felt by many following intense exercise.
  • there are different types of endorphins
  • that are synthesized within the brain and therefore could cause euphoria without crossing the blood-brain barrier.
  • The researchers found that this long run was associated with increased opioid release in the runner's' brains, particularly in the prefrontal cortex
  • and the anterior cingulate cortex and insula
  • It's likely that runner's high is not entirely mediated by the opioid system: Exercise also increases the levels of endocannabinoids, the brain's natural cannabis-like molecules, in the bloodstream.
  • Thus exercise-induced increases in endocannabinoid levels in blood are presumably mirrored in the brain and could also contribute to the euphoria of runner's high.
  • Helena Daoud on 02 May 13
     
    Exercise is an addiction for some, but is also a great way to help with illnesses and depression. Exercise helps blood flow through the brain and keeps us healthy.
alicia waid

Teens who smoke pot at risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis - Harvard Health Publica... - 0 views

www.health.harvard.edu/...phrenia-psychosis-201103071676

schizophrenia marijuana teens smoke pot psychosis harvard health

shared by alicia waid on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Regular marijuana use increases a teenagers chance to develop psychosis*, and developing schizophrenia*.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Psychosis: A temporary state filled with intense anxiety and hallucinations.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Schizophrenia: Disabling brain disorder that not only causes psychosis, but also problems concentrating and loss of emotional expression.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In a study following 2,000 tenns as they start to develop into young adults, it was proven that young people who smoke marijuana at least 5 times were twice as likely to develop psychosis over the next 10 years of their lives compared to those who didn't smoke.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was also proven that early marijuana use could increase the speed of the onset of psychosis by three years. (Those most at risk are youths who might have some family member that is dealing with schizophrenia, or any other psychotic disorder). 
  • ...34 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      These people who have family members affected by psychosis have approximately a 1 in 10 chance of developing the same condition themselves (even if they've never smoked pot).  However, if smoking marijuana, this doubles their risk (1 in 5 chance).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis have a 7 in 1,000 chance of developing a mental disorder.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis but smoke marijuana double their risk: 14 in 1,000.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      A very popular study (nearly 50,000 young Swedish soldiers were followed for 15 years) showed that those who smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked marijuana.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was shown that the heaviest users (used more than 50 times) were 6 times more likely to become schizophrenic than the nonsmokers.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Research on the association of marijuana and the brain is in a very early stage (much is still unknown).  THC* contributes to marijuana's psychological and physical effects.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *THC: One of the active compounds in marijuana.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      One of the many things that are still unknown is how marijuana might lead to psychosis.  There is a theory that marijuana interferes with brain development during adolescence and young adulthood, but this theory is yet to be determined.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Although many things are still unknown about the relation between the adolescent brain and marijuana, one this is certain: As a teen, by smoking marijuana, you are increasing your vulnerability to psychotic thinking.
  • regular marijuana use increases the chance that a teenager will develop psychosis
  • risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis
  • increases the risk of developing schizophrenia
  • five times were twice as likely to have developed psychosis over the next 10 years
  • smoked marijuana at least
  • hasten the onset of psychosis by three years
  • already have a mother, father, or sibling with schizophrenia
  • most at risk are youths
  • some other psychotic disorde
  • one in 10 chance of developing the condition
  • even if they never smoke pot
  • one in five chance
  • doubles their risk
  • 7 in 1,000 chance
  • 14 in 1,000.
  • possible link between marijuana use and psychosis
  • smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked pot
  • marijuana use might lead to psychosis
  • cigarette smoking and lung cancer
  • marijuana and the brain
  • six times as likely to develop schizophrenia as the nonsmokers
  • stimulates the brain and triggers other chemical reactions that contribute to the drug’s psychological and physical effects
  • not clear
  • theory
  • marijuana may interfere with normal brain development during the teenage years
  • young adulthood.
  • increase a young person’s vulnerability to psychotic thinking
  • reward of a short-time high isn’t worth the long-term risk of psychosis or a disabling disorder like schizophrenia.
Erin Waxman

Why Some Soldiers Develop PTSD While Others Don't - Association for Psychological Science - 0 views

www.psychologicalscience.org/...op-ptsd-while-others-dont.html

soldiers ptsd

shared by Erin Waxman on 01 May 13 - No Cached
  • The researchers re-examined data from a subsample of 260 male veterans from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study
  • three primary factors: severity of combat exposure (e.g., life-threatening experiences or traumatic events during combat), pre-war vulnerabilities (e.g., childhood physical abuse, family history of substance abuse), and involvement in harming civilians or prisoners.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      very important factors that were well picked for this study.
  • e, as 98% of the veterans who developed the PTSD syndrome had experienced one or more traumatic events.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Of the soldiers who experienced any potentially traumatic combat exposures, only 31.6% developed the PTSD syndrome.
  • This suggests that there were other factors and vulnerabilities involved for the minority of exposed who did end up developing the PTSD syndrome.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      what could these factors be? Why did some soldiers get it and some not?
  • Among these factors, childhood experiences of physical abuse or a pre-Vietnam psychiatric disorder other than PTSD were strong contributors to PTSD onset.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      very important factor 
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      makes sense because the brains of the younger men might not be as developed and the older men might have had more experiences in life to prepare them for this combat. 
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      guilt shown as an important factor in the illness
  • The combined data from all three primary factors — combat exposure, prewar vulnerability, and involvement in harming civilians or prisoners — revealed that PTSD syndrome onset reached an estimated 97% for veterans high on all three.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      looks like they pretty much solved it. 
  • these results emphasize the need to keep the more vulnerable soldiers out of the most severe combat situations.
    • Erin Waxman
      Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
       
      good idea. Or maybe prepare the soldiers more for the type of environment they will be placed it.
  • Dohrenwend and colleagues also point out that the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, like the Vietnam War, are “wars amongst the people,” and they underline the need for research examining the circumstances in which harm to civilians and prisoners is likely to occur. Such research could provide important clues for preventing such devastating violations of the rules of war.
  • Erin Waxman on 01 May 13
     
    Very interesting study done for the Association for Psychological Science about why some soldiers get PTSD and some don't.
Daryl Bambic

6 Scientific Reasons Why You Should Consider Not Smoking Weed On A Regular Basis - Coll... - 0 views

www.collective-evolution.com/...moking-weed-on-a-regular-basis

cannabis brain psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 17 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • They activate cannabinoid receptors that already exist in our body, and our bodies themselves actually produce compounds called endocannabinoids
  • Creating oil from the plant or eating the plant is the best way to absorb cannabinoids. Smoking also alters the plant molecules; when cannabis is heated and burnt it changes the chemical structure and acidity of the THC, which in turn negates its therapeutic value.
  • compromised dopamine system
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 16 was the average age these individuals started smoking, and they had not stopped since.
  • already show signs of psychotic illness do experience adverse effects from smoking marijuana.
  • smaller volume of gray matter in their orbitofrontal cortex, which is usually associated with addiction.
  • depleting their gray matter
Daryl Bambic

Cannabis & Psychosis: What do we know? - 0 views

cannabisandpsychosis.ca/...what-do-we-know

cannabis psychosis brain psychology adolescent addiction

shared by Daryl Bambic on 26 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Although it is well known that using cannabis can induce temporary psychotic/hallucinatory symptoms this accumulating body of evidence has suggested that there is an association between some youth who use cannabis regularly and enduring psychosis
  • requent cannabis use during adolescence
  • clinically significant increased risk of developing schizophrenia and other mental illnesses which feature psychosis
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