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Raghav Mohan

The Effects of Exercise on the Brain - 0 views

serendip.brynmawr.edu/...mmcgovern.html

brain psychology depression stress memory neurotransmitters exercise motivation help you learn neurogenesis BDNF phsyical mental health chemicals adolescent

shared by Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13 - Cached
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    Site completely states the main things about the effects of exercise on the brain. It helped me understand the basic things it can do and i was rather amazed. If anyone is confused about what exercise can do for your mental health THIS is the site to go to. It is very reliable since it is dedicated to education (.edu) and the information is constantly updated.
  • ...2 more comments...
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* exercise balances out the chemicals i our brain which helps our nerve cells. And if you don't know our whole body functions on nerve cells (like a messenger) so without exercise we can never really perform to the fullest.
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* exercise also benefits us in many ways! for example: it avoids MAJOR stress from us. It also keeps us motivated and confident so that if ever a bad situation comes up, we would not go into a dull zone and become depressed.
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* It's good to be happy when exercising. Exercise also helps our reparative cell (we begin to lose nerve tissue nearing our 30's). Exercise helps slow that process down by A LOT. Which helps us live on healthy lived. People you see in the newspaper or online that are 100 years old! They don't just magically get that old by just sitting on there couch eating junk. They EXERCISE everyday to stay fit.
  • Raghav Mohan on 06 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* It helps generate new neurons which provides many benefits. Study shows that people who began exercising at there teen years and that are now 65-70 are much more active and healthy than any other 65-70 year olds.
Chanelle Miller

What is stress? - 0 views

www.mtstcil.org/...stress-definition-1.html

stress

shared by Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13 - Cached
  • Survival Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Survival Stress is when your body reacts to danger by pumping adrenaline so you can fight off the dangerous moment. For example, if you were in a forest fire, your body would pump adrenaline so that you can run at intense speeds.
  • Internal Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Internal Stress is when your body stresses about situation that you have no control over. This is a very dangerous kind of stress! Most mothers deal with this kind. For example, if their son or daughter were on a school trip and they were stressed about their safety and health but yet they can't do anything to help the situation.
  • Environmental Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Environmental Stress is when your body reacts to the people around you, the noise or the amount of pressure you're under from either friends, work or family. For example, a student has a lot of work and their mom and dad have high expectations of their grades.
  • ...28 more annotations...
  • can become tired, sick, and unable to concentrate or think clearly. Sometimes, they even suffer mental breakdowns.
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      effects of stress: fatigue, lack of concentration, sickness and even mental breakdowns
  • Fatigue and Overwork
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Fatigue and Overwork stress is one of the hardest stresses to deal with. It happens when your body is over working and not knowing how to mange your time well. It's important that you take some time out of your day to relax. Often students and parents that have an intense job deal with this kind of stress.
  • way of responding to any kind of demand.
  • react by releasing chemi
  • cals into the blood.
  • chemicals
  • bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength
  • physical danger
  • energy and strength
  • things can cause stress
  • physical
  • response to danger
  • take time out for rest and relaxation
  • . When
  • your body naturally responds with a burst of energy so that you will be better able to survive the dangerous situation (fight) or escape it all together (flight). This is survi
  • you are afraid
  • val stress.
  • worrying about things you can do nothing about or worrying for no reason at all?
  • one of the
  • most important kinds of stress to understand and manage.
  • we can't contro
  • become addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle
  • feel stress about things that aren't stressful.
  • response to things around you that cause stress, such as noise, crowding, and pressure from work or family.
  • caused by working too much or too hard at your job(s), school, or home.
  • not knowing how to manage your time well
  • emotional
  • one of the hardest kinds of stress
Chanelle Miller

Stress Management - Academic Skills Center: Study Skills Library - Cal Poly, San Luis O... - 0 views

sas.calpoly.edu/...stressmanagement.html

stress

shared by Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • How Does Stress Affect You?
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological:  -Body produces hormones to fight harder or run faster. -Stress can cause heart disease due to the increase in blood pressure and tension that is put on the arteries. -Effects Your immune system therefore causing illnesses.
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Psychological: -Lack of interaction and good decision making. -Stress can cause anxiety and depression
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      Behavioural: -Causes you to be excited or annoyed. -Takes part in the reason why people smoke, drink and laziness
  • What Causes Stress?
  • Academics
  • ...76 more annotations...
  • Dating
  • Environment
  • Extracurricular
  • Peers
  • Time Management
  • Money
  • Parents
  • pressure of not failing.
  • relationship problems may add to the pressure/stress of academics.
  • viewing heated topics, slow moving traffic, trying to find a parking spot, etc.
  • extracurricular activities a part of their daily routine
  • pressure that is negatively influenced.
  • peer pressure
  • not knowing how to plan and execute daily activities
  • Money is a huge stressor that college students face.
  • Pressure from parents to succeed
  • Method for Identifying the Causes of Stress
    • Chanelle Miller
      Chanelle Miller on 06 Apr 13
       
      To help manage your stress first you must identify what's causing your stress. Then, List and prioritize the sources of stress to help overcome and mange your stress level. Crating a management plan and keeping a stress journal would also help!
  • Stress Management Strategies
  • Learn how to say “NO!”
  • Attitude
  • Laugh
  • Avoid alcohol and cigarettes
  • Healthy eating
  • Exercise
  • Relaxing your mind and body
  • Sleep
  • Healthy relationships
  • Time management
  • Organization
  • Budget
  • Spirituality
  • Determine your learning style
  • Slow Down
  • Find a support system
  • Make changes in your surroundings
  • Delegate responsibilities
  • know your limits and do not compromise them.
  • Thinking rationally can take you a long way.
  • it is human nature to want to freak out.
  • Do something that you enjoy,
  • If you are feeling upset, express your feelings.
  • Once the chemical leave your body, you are back to feeling stressed and you are probably worse off than when you started.
  • Eat at least one hot-home cooked meal a day
  • Exercise for 30 minutes a day for at least 3 times per week.
  • physical activities can help you in not only burning off calories, but burning off stress. Exercise helps release tension.
  • take deep breaths
  • alone time”
  • focusing your attention on the present moment.
  • Avoid taking naps for more than 1 hour.
  • at least 7 hours of sleep
  • talk and hang out with friends. Find some you relate to and with whom you can share your problems with.
  • create a schedule, or even a to-do list.
  • Mark down your class meeting times, study time for a specific subject, mealtimes, fun activities, and sleep.
  • learn how to organize your notes, keep track of your assignments and note important due dates or date of exams. Establish your priorities for the day.
  • Distribute your money according to the bills you need to pay for the quarter
  • finding meaning in your life, the ability to connect with others.
  • find out whether you are a visual, auditory or kinesthetic learner.
  • Take your time so that you can ensure a well done job.
  • find someone you feel comfortable sharing your feelings with.
  • try moving to a place where there is no loud music, and brighter lights.
  • dividing up the work or responsibilities helps alleviate pressure and stress.
  • response to a demand
  • brain recognizes a threat.
  • your body releases hormones that activate your “fight or flight” response.
  • Physiological
  • hormones help you to either fight harder or run faster. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
  • heart disease.
  • increase in heart rate and blood pressure, prolonged stress increases the tension that is put on the arteries.
  • immune system
  • cold and flu illness
  • Behavioral
  • jumpy, excitable, or even irritable.
  • drink or smoke heavily, neglect exercise or proper nutrition, or overuse either the television or the computer.
  • Psychological
  • decrease your ability to work or interact effectively with other people, and be less able to make good decisions.
  • anxiety and depression.
Daryl Bambic

Bipolar Disorder - 3 views

This is a credible site because it is recent and it is a medical website with the proper information on this disorder. It is also filled with tons of valuable information as well as facts to treat ...

brain psychology adolescents mania depression mixed episodes

started by gillian baron-goodman on 06 Apr 13 9 follow-ups, last by Daryl Bambic on 07 Apr 13
alicia waid

Teens who smoke pot at risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis - Harvard Health Publica... - 0 views

www.health.harvard.edu/...phrenia-psychosis-201103071676

schizophrenia marijuana teens smoke pot psychosis harvard health

shared by alicia waid on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Regular marijuana use increases a teenagers chance to develop psychosis*, and developing schizophrenia*.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Psychosis: A temporary state filled with intense anxiety and hallucinations.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *Schizophrenia: Disabling brain disorder that not only causes psychosis, but also problems concentrating and loss of emotional expression.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      In a study following 2,000 tenns as they start to develop into young adults, it was proven that young people who smoke marijuana at least 5 times were twice as likely to develop psychosis over the next 10 years of their lives compared to those who didn't smoke.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was also proven that early marijuana use could increase the speed of the onset of psychosis by three years. (Those most at risk are youths who might have some family member that is dealing with schizophrenia, or any other psychotic disorder). 
  • ...34 more annotations...
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      These people who have family members affected by psychosis have approximately a 1 in 10 chance of developing the same condition themselves (even if they've never smoked pot).  However, if smoking marijuana, this doubles their risk (1 in 5 chance).
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis have a 7 in 1,000 chance of developing a mental disorder.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      People who are not affected by psychosis but smoke marijuana double their risk: 14 in 1,000.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      A very popular study (nearly 50,000 young Swedish soldiers were followed for 15 years) showed that those who smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked marijuana.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      It was shown that the heaviest users (used more than 50 times) were 6 times more likely to become schizophrenic than the nonsmokers.  
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Research on the association of marijuana and the brain is in a very early stage (much is still unknown).  THC* contributes to marijuana's psychological and physical effects.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      *THC: One of the active compounds in marijuana.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      One of the many things that are still unknown is how marijuana might lead to psychosis.  There is a theory that marijuana interferes with brain development during adolescence and young adulthood, but this theory is yet to be determined.
    • alicia waid
      alicia waid on 06 Apr 13
       
      Although many things are still unknown about the relation between the adolescent brain and marijuana, one this is certain: As a teen, by smoking marijuana, you are increasing your vulnerability to psychotic thinking.
  • risk for later schizophrenia, psychosis
  • regular marijuana use increases the chance that a teenager will develop psychosis
  • increases the risk of developing schizophrenia
  • five times were twice as likely to have developed psychosis over the next 10 years
  • smoked marijuana at least
  • hasten the onset of psychosis by three years
  • already have a mother, father, or sibling with schizophrenia
  • most at risk are youths
  • some other psychotic disorde
  • one in five chance
  • even if they never smoke pot
  • one in 10 chance of developing the condition
  • doubles their risk
  • 7 in 1,000 chance
  • 14 in 1,000.
  • possible link between marijuana use and psychosis
  • smoked marijuana at least once were more than twice as likely to develop schizophrenia as those who had never smoked pot
  • marijuana use might lead to psychosis
  • cigarette smoking and lung cancer
  • marijuana and the brain
  • stimulates the brain and triggers other chemical reactions that contribute to the drug’s psychological and physical effects
  • six times as likely to develop schizophrenia as the nonsmokers
  • not clear
  • theory
  • marijuana may interfere with normal brain development during the teenage years
  • young adulthood.
  • increase a young person’s vulnerability to psychotic thinking
  • reward of a short-time high isn’t worth the long-term risk of psychosis or a disabling disorder like schizophrenia.
Nick Lavoie

Addiction and The Brain -Psychology Today - 0 views

www.psychologytoday.com/...inside-the-addicts-brain

addiction brain psychology studies drugs

shared by Nick Lavoie on 09 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Nick Lavoie on 09 Apr 13
     
    It was very interesting to read about the research in this article because it talks in depth as to how the brain is effected when introduced to drugs and when addiction sets in. This is a reliable source because the website has gathered certain academics, psychiatrists, psychologists and authors who share ideas based on different topics surrounding psychology.
  • Nick Lavoie on 09 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* The brain reacts to new substances entering the brain from the outside, like drugs, and these new stimuli's interfere with chemical messengers that are all over our brain essentially affecting us.
  • Nick Lavoie on 09 Apr 13
     
    *sticky note* Solomon Snyder and his student Candace Pert added a lot to a new theory of addiction by finding and studying Opium receptors in the brain. Which is a brain circuit that is affected in the brain of addicts.
Daryl Bambic

6 Scientific Reasons Why You Should Consider Not Smoking Weed On A Regular Basis - Coll... - 0 views

www.collective-evolution.com/...moking-weed-on-a-regular-basis

cannabis brain psychology

shared by Daryl Bambic on 17 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • They activate cannabinoid receptors that already exist in our body, and our bodies themselves actually produce compounds called endocannabinoids
  • Creating oil from the plant or eating the plant is the best way to absorb cannabinoids. Smoking also alters the plant molecules; when cannabis is heated and burnt it changes the chemical structure and acidity of the THC, which in turn negates its therapeutic value.
  • compromised dopamine system
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 16 was the average age these individuals started smoking, and they had not stopped since.
  • already show signs of psychotic illness do experience adverse effects from smoking marijuana.
  • smaller volume of gray matter in their orbitofrontal cortex, which is usually associated with addiction.
  • depleting their gray matter
Daryl Bambic

The teenage brain | Science News for Students - 1 views

www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/...teenage-brain

brain teenage

shared by Daryl Bambic on 13 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • dopamine.
  • Dopamine levels in general peak during adolescence.
  • increased activity in the ventral striatum
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • prefrontal cortex’s ability to boss the brain increases with age.
  • reward system can outmuscle the master planner.
  • adolescent brain specifically evolved to respond to rewards so teens would leave behind the protection provided by their parents and start exploring their environment — a necessary step toward the independence they will need in adulthood.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Feb 17
       
      Evolutionary reward...the teen phase of development is what has pushed us forward with the new discoveries
  • So that’s why you have parents to act as your prefrontal cortex,” Frank jokes. Then, all too often, he says, “you reach adolescence and you don’t listen to your parents anymore.”
  • brain acts as the sculptor and chops away excess synapses. Scientists refer to this process as synaptic pruning.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 03 Feb 17
       
      Great image of pruning as sculpting
  • If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something
  • necessary phase in teen development
  • exploratory period.
  • Even laboratory mice experience a similar phase during their development.
  • Young mice that explore most tend to live longest
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The scanner relies on a powerful magnet and radio waves to create detailed images of the brains
  • Teens also can play games that require them to make choices,
  • observing and measuring which parts of the teens’ brains are most active
  • During the risk-taking and rewards-based tests, one region deep inside the brain shows more activity in adolescents than it does in children or adults, Crone says. This region, known as the ventral striatum, is often referred to as the “reward center”
  • Adolescents are particularly sensitive and responsive to influence by friends, desires and emotions, researchers say. It’s one of the hallmarks of this stage in life.
  • eel good” response helps explain why they often give in to impulsive desires.
  • to be shouting louder” between the ages of 13 and 17 than at any other time during human development.
  • prefrontal cortex, it’s the brain’s master planner.
  • brain is locked in a tug-of-war between the logical pull of the prefrontal cortex and the impulsive pull of the ventral striatum.
  • toward years of serious risk-taking
  • prefrontal cortex seems to lag in developing. It turns out this delay serves an important evolutionary function,
  • So it’s important that the master planner not be too rigid or restrictive during adolescence. Instead, it stays open to learning.
  • One of the processes involves axons, or fibers that connect nerve cells. From infancy, these fibers allow one nerve cell to talk to another. Throughout the teen years, fatty tissue starts to insulate the axons from interfering signals — it is a bit like the plastic that coats electrical cables.
  • In axons, the insulating tissue allows information to zip back and forth between brain cells much more quickly. It also helps build networks that link the prefrontal cortex with other brain regions, allowing them to work together more efficiently.
  • The second key process involves synapses. A synapse is like a dock between nerve cells. Nerve cells communicate by transmitting chemical and electrical signals. Those signals move through the synapses.
  • brain starts discarding many of these connections
  • So the brain strengthens the synapses it really needs and eliminates those that either slow things down or aren’t useful.
Daryl Bambic

Animal Emotions: Exploring Passionate Natures | BioScience | Oxford Academic - 1 views

academic.oup.com/...233998

emotions animal

shared by Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • because emotions have evolved in specific contexts.
  • Categorically denying emotions to animals because they cannot be studied directly does not constitute a reasonable argument against their existence.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      To deny that something is real without first investigating its existence is not good science.
  • Field research
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      meaning in nature and not in a lab
  • ...48 more annotations...
  • phenotypes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      This means a type of behaviour related to a species, like mating behaviour for example.
  • My goal is to convince skeptics that a combination of “hard” and “soft” interdisciplinary research is necessary to advance the study of animal emotions.
  • broadly defined as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control
  • Likewise, no single theory of emotions captures the complexity of the phenomena called emotions
  • It is important to extend our research beyond the underlying physiological mechanisms that mask the richness of the emotional lives of many animals and learn more about how emotions serve them as they go about their daily activities
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ignore the previous sentence because this one explains it: the study of emotions needs to focus more on how they help us in life and less on the biology of them.
  • emotions are real and that they are extremely important,
  • René Descartes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The philosopher who said, "I think therefore I am". He divided humans into mind/body.
  • B. F. Skinner
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Skinner was a pioneer in behaviour conditioning. He taught that emotions, because we can't measure them, are not important to understanding behaviour.
  • Why then are there competing views on the nature of animal emotions? In part, this is because some people view humans as unique animals, created in the image of God
  • researchers studying animal behavior came to realize that there was too little in studies of animal emotions and minds that was directly observable, measurable, and verifiable, and chose instead to concentrate on behavior because overt actions could be seen, measured objectively, and verified
  • Most researchers now believe that emotions are not simply the result of some bodily state that leads to an action
  • William James and Carl Lange
  • James and Lange argued that fear, for example, results from an awareness of the bodily changes (heart rate, temperature) that were stimulated by a fearful stimulus.
  • Walter Cannon's criticisms
  • there is a mental component that does not have to follow a bodily reaction
  • drugs producing bodily changes like those accompanying an emotional experience
  • do not produce the same type of conscious experience of fear
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The textbook spoke of this.
  • Primary emotions, considered to be basic inborn emotions
  • Natural selection has resulted in innate reactions that are crucial to individual survival.
  • are wired into the evolutionary old limbic system (especially the amygdala), the “emotional” part of the brain
  • substrate
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Substitue 'circuit' for this word
  • . Each is connected to the other two but each also has its own capacities
  • current research (LeDoux 1996) indicates that all emotions are not necessarily packaged into a single system, and there may be more than one emotional system in the brain.
  • Secondary emotions are those that are experienced or felt, evaluated, and reflected on. Secondary emotions involve higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex.
  • ethologists
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ethology is the study of animal behaviour and mind
  • cognitive ethologists want to know what it is like to be another animal.
  • concerns how emotions and cognition are linked
  • A sense of self in the act of knowing is created,
  • various brain structures map both the organism and external objects
  • I am inclined merely to delete it [the mental realm] from biological explanation, because it is an entirely private phenomenon, and biology must deal with the publicly demonstrable.”
  • abanac postulated that the first mental event to emerge into consciousness was the ability of an individual to experience the sensations of pleasure and displeasure
  • Examples of animal emotions
  • Social play
  • Studies of the chemistry of play support the idea that play is enjoyable.
  • dopamine (and perhaps serotonin and norepinephrine)
  • rats enjoy being playfully tickled.
  • grief in geese
  • grief and depression in orphan elephants is a real phenomeno
  • It is unlikely that romantic love (or any emotion) first appeared in humans with no evolutionary precursors in animals
  • common brain systems and homologous chemicals underlying love that are shared among humans and animals
  • No one discipline will be able to answer all of the important questions that still need to be dealt with in the study of animal emotions
  • However, research that reduces and minimizes animal behavior and animal emotions to neural firings, muscle movements, and hormonal effects will not likely lead us significantly closer to an understanding of animal emotions.
  • All research involves leaps of faith from available data to the conclusions
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      What do you think about this sentence?
  • studies of the behavior of captive animals
  • Field work also can be problematic. It can be too uncontrolled to allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn.
  • behavior is primary; neural systems subserve behavior
  • Emotions are an integral part of human life, so why not for other animals?
  • in many instances, differences in degree rather than differences in kind.
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