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Zach Fenlon

The cognitive benefits of play: Effects on the learning brain - 0 views

www.parentingscience.com/benefits-of-play.html

brain psychology play

shared by Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • In 1964, Marion Diamond and her colleagues published an exciting paper about brain growth in rats. The neuroscientists had conducted a landmark experiment, raising some rats in boring, solitary confinement and others in exciting, toy-filled colonies.
    • Zach Fenlon
      Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
       
      This is very interesting because it proves the research that i found for my project but with new studies. It is also amazing to see that this topic has been researched since the 60s.
  • the “enriched” rats had thicker cerebral cortices than did the “impoverished” rats (Diamond et al 1964).
  • rats raised stimulating environments had bigger brains.
    • Zach Fenlon
      Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
       
      I wasn't aware that play could affect even the size of the brain, even though it is rats and not humans. I was always under the impression that the brain doesn't change sizes once it has reached it's adult state.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Several experimental studies show that school kids pay more attention to academics after they’ve had recess
  • Note that physical education classes are not effective substitutes for free playtime
    • Zach Fenlon
      Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
       
      This means that the affects of organized play are not as valuable as free play. 
  • To reap all the benefits of play, a play break must be truly playful.
  • when kids pretend together—“results in improved performances in both cognitive-linguistic and social affective domains.”
    • Zach Fenlon
      Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
       
      this is exactly what i discussed in my project. 
  • Some research suggests that the way kids play contributes to their ability to solve divergent problems.
  • The results? Kids given divergent play materials performed better on divergent problems. They also showed more creativity in their attempts to solve the problems (Pepler and Ross 1981).
  • Researchers found that the complexity of block play predicted kids’ mathematics achievements in high school.
    • Zach Fenlon
      Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
       
      I didn't realize that studies have identified what play affects what skills. 
  • The association between block play and math performance remained even after researchers controlled for a child’s IQ. It therefore seems plausible that block play itself influenced the cognitive development of these kids.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 07 Apr 13
       
      No site summary or evaluation of credibility.
  • Zach Fenlon on 06 Apr 13
     
    This link was very interesting because it specified new elements of how play affects the play, even what types of play.
Raghav Mohan

Understanding the Stress Response - Harvard Health Publications - 0 views

www.health.harvard.edu/...erstanding-the-stress-response

stress brain psychology response hypothalamus amygdala cerebral cortex techniques counter relief learning

shared by Raghav Mohan on 02 May 13 - No Cached
  • Raghav Mohan on 02 May 13
     
    This site show's us how to respond to different types of stresses. It is a very reliable site because this page is strictly made for that topic alone and one of the most respected school's in the world (harvard). (.edu) Very reliable site and good information
  • ...1 more comment...
  • Raghav Mohan on 02 May 13
     
    When someone experiences a stressful event, the amygdala, an area of the brain that contributes to emotional processing, sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus. This area of the brain functions like a command center, communicating with the rest of the body through the nervous system so that the person has the energy to fight or flee.
  • Raghav Mohan on 02 May 13
     
    *note* go to site for a great diagram and explanation of how stress is triggered.
  • Raghav Mohan on 02 May 13
     
    There are many different ways you can handle stress. Methods: relaxation response, a physical activity, and social support.
Catherine Delisle

Molecular Switch Hikes Likelihood of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders | Psych Central News - 0 views

psychcentral.com/...25123.html

shared by Catherine Delisle on 21 Apr 11 - No Cached
    • Catherine Delisle
      Catherine Delisle on 21 Apr 11
       
      This website is great for my project because it partly explains the cause of schizophrenia. It talks about a molecular switch that controls the behavior of a protein. This protein increases vulnerability to schizophrenia and mood disorders when it is altered. This protein controls the regulation of new neuron development in the cerebral cortex and the programmed migration of these neurons, which is essential for the formation of the brain's architecture.
Daryl Bambic

Animal Emotions: Exploring Passionate Natures | BioScience | Oxford Academic - 1 views

academic.oup.com/...233998

emotions animal

shared by Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21 - No Cached
  • because emotions have evolved in specific contexts.
  • Categorically denying emotions to animals because they cannot be studied directly does not constitute a reasonable argument against their existence.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      To deny that something is real without first investigating its existence is not good science.
  • Field research
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      meaning in nature and not in a lab
  • ...48 more annotations...
  • phenotypes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      This means a type of behaviour related to a species, like mating behaviour for example.
  • My goal is to convince skeptics that a combination of “hard” and “soft” interdisciplinary research is necessary to advance the study of animal emotions.
  • broadly defined as psychological phenomena that help in behavioral management and control
  • Likewise, no single theory of emotions captures the complexity of the phenomena called emotions
  • It is important to extend our research beyond the underlying physiological mechanisms that mask the richness of the emotional lives of many animals and learn more about how emotions serve them as they go about their daily activities
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ignore the previous sentence because this one explains it: the study of emotions needs to focus more on how they help us in life and less on the biology of them.
  • emotions are real and that they are extremely important,
  • René Descartes
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The philosopher who said, "I think therefore I am". He divided humans into mind/body.
  • B. F. Skinner
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Skinner was a pioneer in behaviour conditioning. He taught that emotions, because we can't measure them, are not important to understanding behaviour.
  • Why then are there competing views on the nature of animal emotions? In part, this is because some people view humans as unique animals, created in the image of God
  • researchers studying animal behavior came to realize that there was too little in studies of animal emotions and minds that was directly observable, measurable, and verifiable, and chose instead to concentrate on behavior because overt actions could be seen, measured objectively, and verified
  • Most researchers now believe that emotions are not simply the result of some bodily state that leads to an action
  • William James and Carl Lange
  • James and Lange argued that fear, for example, results from an awareness of the bodily changes (heart rate, temperature) that were stimulated by a fearful stimulus.
  • Walter Cannon's criticisms
  • there is a mental component that does not have to follow a bodily reaction
  • drugs producing bodily changes like those accompanying an emotional experience
  • do not produce the same type of conscious experience of fear
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      The textbook spoke of this.
  • Primary emotions, considered to be basic inborn emotions
  • Natural selection has resulted in innate reactions that are crucial to individual survival.
  • are wired into the evolutionary old limbic system (especially the amygdala), the “emotional” part of the brain
  • substrate
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Substitue 'circuit' for this word
  • . Each is connected to the other two but each also has its own capacities
  • current research (LeDoux 1996) indicates that all emotions are not necessarily packaged into a single system, and there may be more than one emotional system in the brain.
  • Secondary emotions are those that are experienced or felt, evaluated, and reflected on. Secondary emotions involve higher brain centers in the cerebral cortex.
  • ethologists
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      Ethology is the study of animal behaviour and mind
  • cognitive ethologists want to know what it is like to be another animal.
  • concerns how emotions and cognition are linked
  • A sense of self in the act of knowing is created,
  • various brain structures map both the organism and external objects
  • I am inclined merely to delete it [the mental realm] from biological explanation, because it is an entirely private phenomenon, and biology must deal with the publicly demonstrable.”
  • abanac postulated that the first mental event to emerge into consciousness was the ability of an individual to experience the sensations of pleasure and displeasure
  • Examples of animal emotions
  • Social play
  • Studies of the chemistry of play support the idea that play is enjoyable.
  • dopamine (and perhaps serotonin and norepinephrine)
  • rats enjoy being playfully tickled.
  • grief in geese
  • grief and depression in orphan elephants is a real phenomeno
  • It is unlikely that romantic love (or any emotion) first appeared in humans with no evolutionary precursors in animals
  • common brain systems and homologous chemicals underlying love that are shared among humans and animals
  • No one discipline will be able to answer all of the important questions that still need to be dealt with in the study of animal emotions
  • However, research that reduces and minimizes animal behavior and animal emotions to neural firings, muscle movements, and hormonal effects will not likely lead us significantly closer to an understanding of animal emotions.
  • All research involves leaps of faith from available data to the conclusions
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 22 Oct 21
       
      What do you think about this sentence?
  • studies of the behavior of captive animals
  • Field work also can be problematic. It can be too uncontrolled to allow for reliable conclusions to be drawn.
  • behavior is primary; neural systems subserve behavior
  • Emotions are an integral part of human life, so why not for other animals?
  • in many instances, differences in degree rather than differences in kind.
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