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Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence? Zittermann A. Br J Nutr. 2003 May;89(5):552-72. Review. PMID: 12720576

The same annual dose of 292 000 IU of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) on either daily or four monthly basis for elderly women: 1-year comparative study of the effects on serum 25(OH)D(3) concentrations and renal function. Pekkarinen T, Välimäki VV, Aarum S, Turpeinen U, Hämäläinen E, Löyttyniemi E, Välimäki MJ. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 May 25. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19486025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03637.x

Clinical aspects of vitamin D in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.\nLeventis P, Patel S.\nRheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Nov;47(11):1617-21. Epub 2008 Aug 5. Review.\nPMID: 18682414 \ndoi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken296 \n

Zittermann A. Vitamin D and disease prevention with special reference to cardiovascular disease. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):39-48. Epub 2006 Feb 28. Review. PMID: 16600341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):4-8. Epub 2006 Feb 28. Review. PMID: 16563471 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, Koerfer R. Putting cardiovascular disease and vitamin D insufficiency into perspective.Br J Nutr. 2005 Oct;94(4):483-92. Review.PMID: 16197570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Conclusions: Healthy men seem to use 3000-5000 IU cholecalciferol/d, apparently meeting > 80% of their winter cholecalciferol need with cutaneously synthesized accumulations from solar sources during the preceding summer months. Current recommended vitamin D inputs are inadequate to maintain serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration in the absence of substantial cutaneous production of vitamin D. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):204-10. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Nov;78(5):1047. PMID: 12499343

Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Bell NH, Epstein S, Greene A, Shary J, Oexmann MJ, Shaw S. J Clin Invest. 1985 Jul;76(1):370-3. PMID: 2991340 The results provide evidence that alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects is characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D. The reduction of serum 25-OHD in them is attributed to feedback inhibition of hepatic synthesis of the precursor by the increased serum 1,25(OH)2D.

Low vitamin D status, high bone turnover, and bone fractures in centenarians. Passeri G, Pini G, Troiano L, Vescovini R, Sansoni P, Passeri M, Gueresi P, Delsignore R, Pedrazzoni M, Franceschi C. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5109-15. PMID: 14602735 We conclude that the extreme decades of life are characterized by a pathophysiological sequence of events linking vitamin D deficiency, low serum calcium, and secondary hyperparathyroidism with an increase in bone resorption and severe osteopenia. These data offer a rationale for the possible prevention of elevated bone turnover, bone loss, and consequently the reduction of osteoporotic fractures and fracture-induced disability in the oldest olds through the supplementation with calcium and vitamin D.

Reducing the Burden of Disease Through Adequate Intake of Vitamin D3. A presentation at University of California, San Diego, April 9, 2008 by William B. Grant, Ph.D

"Hypokalsemialla tarkoitetaan tilaa, jossa seerumin kalsiumin pitoisuus on pienentynyt. Koska kalsiumi eli kalkki on välttämätöntä mm. lihasten toiminnalle, vaikea hypokalsemia aiheuttaa lihaskramppeja, kouristuksia ja sydämen toimintahäiriöitä. Yleensä kalsiumin puute on kuitenkin lievä ja oireena ovat raajojen pistely ja puutuminen. Tavallisimpia hypokalsemian syitä ovat lisäkilpirauhasen vajaatoiminta, munuaisten vajaatoiminta ja D-vitamiinin puute. Hoitona käytetään perussairauden hoitoa, kalsiumin antamista joko tabletteina tai vaikeissa tilanteissa injektioina ja tarvittaessa D-vitamiinia."

A phase 2 trial exploring the effects of high-dose (10,000 IU/day) vitamin D(3) in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Amir E, Simmons CE, Freedman OC, Dranitsaris G, Cole DE, Vieth R, Ooi WS, Clemons M. Cancer. 2009 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19918922 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24749 METHODS: Patients with bone metastases treated with bisphosphonates were enrolled into this single-arm phase 2 study. Patients received 10,000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 mg of calcium supplementation each day for 4 months. The effect of this treatment on palliation, bone resorption markers, calcium metabolism, and toxicity were evaluated at baseline and monthly thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Daily doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 for 4 months appear safe in patients without comorbid conditions causing hypersensitivity to vitamin D. Treatment reduced inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone levels, presumably caused by long-term bisphosphonate use. There did not appear to be a significant palliative benefit nor any significant change in bone resorption. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.