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The trade in Ivory - 1 views

www.diigo.com/...rstock_76694530-1-1024x574.jpg HISTORY 2A
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  • carolinethando on 26 Apr 23
     
    The image show the trade that was happening in Ivory and what did they do with the elephants horns
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The Human Ecology of World Systems in East Africa: The Impact of the Ivory Trade.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf158 ''Nosipho Mthiyane'' ''222145931''
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  • Second, the ivory trade is an example of economic relationships that have been common for millennia between world system centers and areas not directly under their political and economic control. Because the populations are not forced to participate through political means, Chase-Dunn
    • nicolezondo
      nicolezondo on 26 Apr 23
       
      Millenia-a period or cycle of one thousand years.
  • In comparison, the consequences for human ecology of the trade in valuables were diffuse and localized. Centers in worlds systems traded with areas outside their economic and political control in order to obtain goods of prestige value in their own societies.
    • nicolezondo
      nicolezondo on 26 Apr 23
       
      The utilization of resources, demographics, environmental influences on society, health and the environmental effects of human activity are important aspects of human ecology. As populations rise, more resources are needed, and these resources are used and exploited and exploited, environmental harm grows. These three factors are therefore closely related.
  • ivory trade in eastern Africa changed the vegetation cover, caused erosion, contributed to the intensification of agriculture, the spread of pastoralism, and affected the distribution of populations in the region.
    • nicolezondo
      nicolezondo on 26 Apr 23
       
      Pastoralism is the practice of herding as the primary economic activity of a society.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • . For example, European and Asian countries obtained gold, ivory, copal, and slaves from Africa, and furs from North America (Wolf, 1982)
  • he expansion of overseas trade was explosive, and between A.D. 1000 and 1500 increasing amounts of ivory, iron, and other commodities were exported to China, India, the Middle East, and Europe (Alpers, 1992; Horton, 1987).
  • The impact on human ecology of the ivory trade entailed direct and indirect effects. First, the reduction or extermination of elephant populations had direct effects on vegetation patterns over large areas. Second, the economic activities connected with hunting, transport, and trading affected regional systems of exchange and thereby, indirectly through the political economy, settlements, patterns of resource utilization, population parameters, and specialization of production.
  • Waller (1985) and Sobania (1991) have elucidated the complex interactions between exchange, production, and ethnicity during the nineteenth century.
  • nderstanding of the ivory trade must begin with the elephants themselves. After all, ivory is derived from animals with given biological, ecological, and demographic relationships, and characteristics. Since elephants reproduce, they are a renewable resource that can also be driven to extinction
    • nicolezondo
      nicolezondo on 26 Apr 23
       
      Although elephants are famous for their ivory, other species with tusks or teeth with a similar chemical composition include the walrus, hippopotamus, narwhal, sperm whale, and a warthog. Any mammalian tooth or tusk that is valuable commercially is referred to as ''Ivory"
  • The amount of ivory that was obtained in the nineteenth century was therefore a function of previous exploitation during centuries of huntin
  • . Using the available, albeit fragmentary, documentary evidence and a computer simulation of elephant hunting, he concluded that the coastal elephant populations could not have been the main source of ivory before the nineteenth century. If they had been, then there would not have been any substantial numbers of elephants remaining in the coastal region by that time
  • During the first half of the nineteenth century elephants seem to have been widely distributed and common in many parts of the region. It is important to note that the coastal areas were harboring many elephants especially during the dry seasons when herds gathered at the lower ends of rivers
  • 1850 is devastating for the moving ivory frontier thesis advanced by, among others, Sheriff (1987, p. 78), who argues that the coastal elephant populations were first exterminated followed by a progressive exploitation further inland
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The trade in ivory - 2 views

diigo.com/0sdewr History 2A
shared by carolinethando on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • carolinethando on 26 Apr 23
     
    The article tells us that there were lot of elephants that were killed for trade in British. The scale was ranging between 1875 and less
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Machine-Guns and how to Use them - 1 views

www.tandfonline.com/...03071848209433607 Jabulani Ngubani
shared by innocent21 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • With a lienvier gun, either the tripod must be carried on another animal or the number of cartridges carried must be very The acl-iantage of haring gun, mounting, and ammunition together needs no argument.
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GUN GALE PRIMARY SOURCE.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf1az Lesedi Mokoena
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  • Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
     
    Around 1880, a number of coastal enclaves and communities had been established by European settlers in Algeria's far north and the Cape's extreme south. Up until that moment, powerful African nations and deadly tropical diseases against which Europeans lacked enough antibodies had kept them out of the majority of interior Africa. The majority of Africans were free to live in separate societies, which might be either dispersed "stateless" groupings or highly organized kingdoms. This drastically changed between around 1880 and 1914, when European countries, in a process known as "the Scramble for Africa," captured all of Africa with the exception of Ethiopia, which resisted Italian invasion, and Liberia, which was a settlement of freed American slaves. On the European side, crucial elements that aided this process included intense racism, nationalistic rivalry, and modern magazine-fed rifles and machine guns' higher firepower. The European countries did not compete with one another over territories in Africa because they had planned the conquest at the Berlin Conference in 1884. African kings and queens reacted differently to the European invasion because they did not see it as a common danger. Some sided with the invaders while others resisted. While privately owned chartered firms with commercial interests in a particular region frequently achieved the initial colonial conquest, financial issues meant that the different European governments took over the colonies within a few years. . Many theories have attempted to explain this dramatic conquest over the years. These theories include Hobson 1902, which links it to the rise of avaricious ultra-rich businessmen; Lenin 1963; Robinson and Gallagher 1961; Robinson and Gallagher 1962; Hopkins 1973; and Lenin 1963. When significant minerals were discovered in Southern Africa-diamonds in the late 1860s and gold in the 1880s-the British felt the need to secure the interior. This led to a succession of battles and the fi
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Slave Sales - 1 views

www.slaveryimages.org/...50 Fundiswa Shandu 222049444
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  • cinderellaochu on 05 May 23
     
    Not properly tagged.
  • cinderellaochu on 05 May 23
     
    Image is also not shared correctly.
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The trade in Ivory - 2 views

diigo.com/0sdgzk History 2A
shared by carolinethando on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • carolinethando on 26 Apr 23
     
    The article show that the is high rate of poaching in the continent. The countries that do poaching and trade they do it, for money. The decrease of elephants it also affect the ecosystem.
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Gale Primary source - 2 views

diigo.com/0sf1hz Innocentia Yaka 222090651 guns
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  • nikilithandamase18 on 26 Apr 23
     
    By reading this Article I've learnt that Portuguese forces could not siege Massangano (a city in Angola). They found 3000 men already waiting for their move and they were overpowered. A new word I learnt is "sortie" which means an attack made by troops coming out from a position of defense.
  • nikilithandamase18 on 26 Apr 23
     
    The source shows that the countries conquer one another by the use of guns, this is an emphasis on the power of weapons which in this case are guns. Military forces use guns as weapons.
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Eastern Route to Central Africa (T & F).pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf1jb Asanda Ndulwini
shared by asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Currie's Castle Line of steamers takes us in six weeks to the Portu- guese town of Quilimane. This town is still often described as at the mouth of the Zambesi, but this is incorrect. That river discharges itself into the sea by three principal mouths, the most southerly of which, the Kongoni, is generally considered the best. Quilimane is situated 70 miles north of this mouth, on the Quilimane or Kwakwa River, as it is called at different parts of its course.
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Quilimane was a seaport in Mazombique. It was the administration capital of the Zambezia province and the province's largest city and stands 25 km from the river of the Good Signs.
  • Fevers in this part of Africa seem to be inevitable, but often pass away as quickly as they come. If, however, complications arise, they prove very dangerous. I remember Shimwara, a few miles up the river, as the place where I most nearly succumbed. Providentially, I had been met a few days previously by a medical missionary, Dr. Laws, who nursed me through days of unconsciousness and months of subsequent weakness ; and I recovered.
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is derived from the fact that, before the exploration of outsiders, people of Africa didn't take note of diseases from the lakes. And that led to diseases like Diarrhoea. And that was one of the reason intellectuals and doctors came to help Africans whilst other came to control.
  • At the Portuguese custom-house, a few miles from the confluence, Morumbala, a noble mountain, towers above the nearer Chingachinga Hills, but the river makes considerable detours ere its base is reached. After the dreary monotony of the plain, the change to this scenery of hill and burn is most refreshing, as is also the clear cold stream water that flows from the heights into the warmer Shir6.
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Mount Morrumbala's montane forests are an inland enclave of the Southern Zanzibar Inhamabene coastal forest mosaic ecoregion, which extends along the more humid coast.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • culminate
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Culminate- Means reaching a climax or point of highest development.
  • Portuguese traders at Mpassas and Shame were killed, and their stores carried off; the custom-house was broken into and cleared; the French factory at Shimwara, and Dutch barges in transit, and some of our boats were looted
  • miniature dandelion,
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      These were plants discovered near the sea/coastal ridge.
  • Passing three small villages, at any of which water can be had or a halt made, we reach the Company's head station, ~ Mandala. The situation is central, communication frequent, both towards the coast and inland. It is also healthy, being at an altitude of about 3500 feet. Situated a mile to the north is the flourishing Blantyre Mission.
  • Last July (1884) they made another raid, and overran the whole country, with the excep- tion of the British settlements. With the whites they declared they had no quarrel, and carried out this policy so far as to send back carriers whom they had captured returning from the river, so soon as they learned they were in our employ.
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Explorers travelling through the Lakes of Central Africa (JSTOR).pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0sf1ji Asanda Ndulwini
shared by asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • THE travellers who have journeyeel anto (:entral Africa from the East coast and the neighbourhood of Zanzibar have been called to encounter difficulties as formidable as lrlay be met with in any part of the world. These difficulties have caused not only peril to health and severe trials of patience, but have occasioned theln unusual expense. One object which most of them have kept in vierv was to reach the line of the three great lakes, and pay a, visit to l:Jjiji.
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Zanzibar- Swahili Unguja, was an island in the Indian ocean lying 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. During this age of exploration, the Portuguese Empire it's when they gained control of Zanzibar.
  • of brushwood, and of small forest with tropical plants and trees. A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare the traveller cro now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
  • . A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare the traveller cro now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • A llundred miles in the intelior the ground has beun to rise, and toW exhibit lines of hills with parallel valle-s, nzore or?]ess regulare having a general trend to the N.N.E. These the traveller crossesr now mounting a high granite ridge, then descending; mounting lligher, and descending a little again. In this way he crosses the broad swampy valley of the Mukandoliwa or Makata Xiver, passes the little Lake Ugombo in which it rises, and winding among the noble hills of the Usagara RanDe, arrives at length at Mpwapwa, on the upper plateau, 3300 feet above the se
    • asandandulwini
      asandandulwini on 26 Apr 23
       
      Explorers were crossing through the Makata river, a stream in Lindi region, Tanzania with the region front code of African/Middle east. Lake Ugombo one of the lakes of Tanzania expedited by Henry Morton Stanley, regarding Livingston's exploration in central Africa.
  • gulare the traveller
  • ganyika, thought it worth while specialla to inquire into two points: (1 ) Could a route be found to the north of the WAmi River, on higher ground, and free from the swampy levels found here and there on the road ftom Bagamoyo? and (2) Was it possible to employ on the entire line the waggen drawn by bllllocks, so common in the colonies of South Africa, and that without risk from the tsetse-fly? And as the Rev. Rot,er Price, who has had long experience of roads ancl waggons in South Afiica, was then in England, they requested Mr. Price to proceed to Zanzibar to make these inquiries on the spot. The following is a brief outline of Mr. Price's proceedings, and of their result.
  • itherto all the English travellers in East Africa have been dependent upon these huluan bearers. Frotn Burton down to the Church Missionary Expedition, which left the coast a few nonths at,o, every one has been compelled to etnploy them. And the trouble they have caused by their fickleness, their dishonesty, their bodily weaknesses, their indolence, their diseases, and numerous deaths, has been indescriba
  • 877,
  • B- 26, 1877,
  • Mr. Price arrived at Zanzibar on May 2nd, 1876, and, havillb gained much inforlnation bearing upon his purpose, he resolved to pay a preliminary visit to Sadani, on the African coast, and confer with Bwfina Heri, the chief of the tdistrict, respecting a j ourney into the interior.
  • Mr. Price that no f) was known on that road which killed bullocks, and that cattle wele frequently brought down to the coast from the interior. The arrival of an ivory caravan from near Unyanyembe proved that the route proposed was actually isl use, and the information derived from its people i
  • that it contained no speci
  • diffioulties.
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