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Lesedi Mokoena

_Guns Race and Power in Colonial South Africa edited 222.pdf - 2 views

Lesedi Mokoena

shared by Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ubiquitous
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      present, appearing, or found everywhere.
  • colonial settlers
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      Settler colonies were places outside of Europe where huge numbers of European immigrants voluntarily settled, even though they were a minority among the native population. This allowed them to ensure their political control.1 Colonies were predominately settler colonies until the early 19th century; after that, settler colonies were a distinct type of colony. In classical antiquity, a "colony" was a compact settlement of emigrants from a polis or, in the case of the Romans, a group of retired soldiers. When one considers the definition of colony as it was used in classical antiquity, the phrase "settler colony" becomes a tautology. However, since genuine settlement became the exception rather than the rule in the 19th century, we still use this phrase. The concept of colonialism , which only emerged in the late 19th century, has connotations of "foreign rule".
  • guns also accentuated the insecurities of settlement
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      Settlers felt they needed to rely on guns for safety seeing as they knew they forcefully occupied land belonging to groups of people and that put them in potential danger.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • David Livingstone
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      David Livingstone, (born March 19, 1813, Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland-died May 1, 1873, Chitambo [now in Zambia]), Scottish missionary and explorer who exercised a formative influence on Western attitudes toward Africa. Livingstone took the decision to go into medicine in 1834 after hearing a need for skilled medical missionaries in China from British and American churches. He spent two years in Glasgow studying Greek, theology, and medicine to prepare while still working part-time in the mill. He was approved by the London Missionary Society in 1838. His hopes of traveling to China were dashed by the first of the Opium Wars (1839-42), but a meeting with Robert Moffat, a well-known Scottish missionary in southern Africa, persuaded him that Africa should be his area of focus. He received his missionary ordination on November 20, 1840. At the end of the year, he sailed for South Africa and arrived in Cape Town on March 14, 1841. Livingstone was constantly moving into the interior of Africa in order to strengthen his commitment to missions, indulge his passion for geographic exploration, engage in conflict with the Boers and Portuguese-whose treatment of the Africans he eventually came to detest-and establish for himself a remarkable reputation as a devout Christian, fearless explorer, and ardent opponent of slavery. But his devotion to Africa was so intense that he neglected his responsibilities as a spouse and a father.
  • Guns were a form of private property,
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      Only colonists were allowed tp own guns
  • reticent
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily.
  • guns also accentuated the insecurities of settlement 502 Book Reviews Stickynote once they spread
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      (The note for this highlight falls under the previous highlight...i could not highlight it at once).
  • Robert Moffat
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      (born December 21, 1795 in Ormiston, East Lothian, Scotland-died August 9, 1883 in Leigh, Kent, England), a Scottish Bible translator and missionary to Africa who was well-known for his work to raise the standard of living there. Additionally, he was the father-in-law of David Livingstone (1813-1973), a missionary and explorer. Moffat was sent to South Africa by the London Missionary Society in 1816 despite having minimal training. He resided at Kuruman, southeast of the Kalahari (desert), after spending seven years in a number of locales that were disrupted by fighting among Zulu clans. He spent 49 years there, establishing one of the most prestigious Protestant missionary settlements in Africa.
  • political discourse in South Africa in the nineteenth century
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      Humanitarians had been fighting vehemently against slavery by the time the Cape changed hands during the Napoleonic Wars, and in 1807 they were successful in convincing Britain to outlaw the practice. Soon after, British antislavery ships began patrolling Africa's western coast. In order to meet the rising demand in Europe, ivory became west-central Africa's most significant export. The main supply came from the renowned hunters Ovimbundu and Chokwe, who were located near the western port of Benguela. With their weapons, they waded into into south-central Africa and wiped off the elephant populations. They had entered Luvale and Lozi territory by 1850 and were making their way through the southern Congo's woods. The Ovambo peoples, who lived in more rural, agricultural areas, were enticed into the ivory trade as well. The Ovambo had initially been able to dodge the slave trade that plagued their more populated neighbors by selling in salt, copper, and iron from the Etosha Pan region to the north as well as providing hides and ivory to Portuguese traders. The introduction of weapons in the middle of the 19th century greatly increased the volume of the ivory trade, but by the 1880s, the elephant population was almost completely disappeared. By that time, traders from Walvis Bay, the Cape Colony, and Angola wanted livestock in addition to ivory. Ovambo leaders increased their dominance by raiding the pastoral Herero and Nama people in the vast, dry country to their south with the weapons they obtained through trade.
  • Portuguese
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      The earliest connections between South Africa and Europe were made by Portugal's exploration missions. The first Europeans to step foot on South African soil were the Portuguese. The Dutch founded the first permanent settlement in Europe on April 6, 1652.
  • assegai
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      An assegai is a pole weapon used for throwing, usually a light spear or javelin made up of a wooden handle and an iron tip. The Zulu produced at least 20 different types of spear. Perhaps the best known of these is the assegai, which was also used by several other Nguni groups in Southern Africa. The Assegai was a throwing spear (javelin) as can be seen from the narrow, leaf-shaped blade and long, slender tapering shaft.
  • flintlocks
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      flintlock, ignition system for firearms, developed in the early 16th century. It superseded the matchlock and wheel lock and was itself outmoded by the percussion lock in the first half of the 19th century. The best-developed form, the true flintlock, was invented in France in the early 17th century, probably by Marin le Bourgeoys. It had a frizzen (striker) and pan cover made in one piece. When the trigger was pulled, a spring action caused the frizzen to strike the flint, showering sparks onto the gunpowder in the priming pan; the ignited powder, in turn, fired the main charge in the bore, propelling the ball.
  • nexus
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      a central or focal point.
Lesedi Mokoena

boer machine guns - 1 views

Lesedi Mokoena

shared by Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
     
    There aren't many times in military history where rifle shooting has been as important as it was during the Second Anglo-Boer War at the turn of the 20th century. The British Empire's juggernaut was stopped in its tracks (at least temporarily) by the Boer burghers' ("citizens") skill with long-range shooting, which astounded onlookers all around the world. Quite a few of the burghers were also armed with an unusual variety of obsolete weaponry, while the majority of the unpaid Boer militiamen, operating in small mounted formations ("commandos"), were equipped with the most contemporary repeating bolt-action rifles and firing smokeless powder cartridges. It is necessary to briefly discuss the origins of the conflict and provide a very broad overview of the war's development in order to put these weapons into perspective. The Boers (also known as "farmers") were strict, devout Calvinists who could trace their ancestry to a colony of Dutch (and later, French Huguenot) settlers who arrived at the southern tip of Africa in the 17th century to restock Dutch ships traveling to and from the Dutch East Indies. During the Napoleonic Wars, the British took control of the Cape Colony, which was called after the Cape of Good Hope. Soon after, tensions between the British and the fiercely independent Boers increased. In order to live their lives as they saw fit, groups of Boers were travelling northward into the interior of Africa by ox-drawn wagon trains by the 1830s and 1840s. This was similar to what was happening in the American West at the same time. They eventually formed two independent republics-the Orange Free State and the Transvaal (also known by its official title of the South African Republic)-after subduing hostile native tribes, putting them finally (or so they believed) beyond the reach of the British. But during the Victorian era, British imperialism was in full swing, and the British kept seizing more country from the Boers. In fact, in 1880, they briefly an
Lesedi Mokoena

GUN GALE PRIMARY SOURCE.pdf - 1 views

Lesedi Mokoena

shared by Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
     
    Around 1880, a number of coastal enclaves and communities had been established by European settlers in Algeria's far north and the Cape's extreme south. Up until that moment, powerful African nations and deadly tropical diseases against which Europeans lacked enough antibodies had kept them out of the majority of interior Africa. The majority of Africans were free to live in separate societies, which might be either dispersed "stateless" groupings or highly organized kingdoms. This drastically changed between around 1880 and 1914, when European countries, in a process known as "the Scramble for Africa," captured all of Africa with the exception of Ethiopia, which resisted Italian invasion, and Liberia, which was a settlement of freed American slaves. On the European side, crucial elements that aided this process included intense racism, nationalistic rivalry, and modern magazine-fed rifles and machine guns' higher firepower. The European countries did not compete with one another over territories in Africa because they had planned the conquest at the Berlin Conference in 1884. African kings and queens reacted differently to the European invasion because they did not see it as a common danger. Some sided with the invaders while others resisted. While privately owned chartered firms with commercial interests in a particular region frequently achieved the initial colonial conquest, financial issues meant that the different European governments took over the colonies within a few years. . Many theories have attempted to explain this dramatic conquest over the years. These theories include Hobson 1902, which links it to the rise of avaricious ultra-rich businessmen; Lenin 1963; Robinson and Gallagher 1961; Robinson and Gallagher 1962; Hopkins 1973; and Lenin 1963. When significant minerals were discovered in Southern Africa-diamonds in the late 1860s and gold in the 1880s-the British felt the need to secure the interior. This led to a succession of battles and the fi
Lesedi Mokoena

A Brief History of Colonists in South Africa - Noire Histoir - 2 views

noirehistoir.com/...y-of-colonists-in-south-africa

Lesedi Mokoena

shared by Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • it wasn’t until 1652 that a settlement was established by the Dutch East India Company to serve as a supply station where passing ships could replenish their provisions.
  • it wasn’t until 1652 that a settlement was established by the Dutch East India Company to serve as a supply station where passing ships could replenish their provisions.
    • Lesedi Mokoena
      Lesedi Mokoena on 26 Apr 23
       
      All this was successful with influence by guns and etc.
  • Africans were overpowered by European weaponry
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • . Using military force, they pushed Africans
  • Though the Zulus fought valiantly, they faced the British with traditional weapons and outdated firearms with which they were untrained
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