In the four major expeditions mounted against the Zulu during I839, there is no evidence in the published sources that the Zulu either departed from their conventional tactics as a response to their enemies' use of firearms, or made use of firearms themselves. At the battle of Blood River the Boers proved that the Zulu numerical superiority was not sufficient in itself to overcome heavy fire from a strongly defended position. It is said that 3,000 Zulu died while the Boers did not lose a man. Traders and hunters made many journeys into Zululand during Mpande's reign (I840-72), and there can be no doubt that a number of