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This is furthermore information that delves deep into the visit of Sir Bartle Frere in Zanzibar, 1873 from Taylor and Francis. This article does not only tell us about the arrival of Sir Bartle Frere, but also shows other parties that how they were involved, as well as their role in the mission of Sir Bartle Frere.

Events that lead up to Sir Bartle Frere's visit to propose slavery abolition in Zanzibar. Sir Bartle Frere was not the only person who was against slave trade in Zanzibare, this article gives more information on what happened.

This is also uploaded incorrectly.

N.B: These are my sticky notes for my annotated work. Yellow: Sir Bartle states in the article states that he has not visited the coast of Zanzibar, which is in Mozambique (East Africa), after his late scenes of labor in slavery, mainly because of several reasons, such as the consensus that was not met that encountered for the suppression of the sea borne slave traffic. Green: The author reveals that the slave market was dominantly controlled by the English cathedral church. This church was at its peak regards to their activities in the slave trade in East Africa. Blue: The source points that Sir Bartle Frere was appointed to H.M.S London, where he took control for 3 years in his role. He dealt with obstacles that hindered the shipment of his slaves in Zanzibar and Pemba channels. He done this by learning the coast language and by familiarizing himself with the slave in the coast. Red: The Source states that the geographical map of Mozambique was written "Makua's country", which was the ruler of Mozambique who was against the slave trade on the coast. Consequently, the geographical map of Mozambique supported the schemes of the suppression of the slave trade from Rovuma to Zanzibar and between Lake Shirwa and the coast.

This article serves to show the steps that were taken regarding the abolition of slavery in East Africa, Zanzibar, since the visit of Sir Bartle Frere (1872-1873). The objective of Sir Bartle's visit was to negotiate new and more stringent treaties for the suppression of slave trade, but he also expressed his great disappointment that his negotiates were not well carried out efficiently.

In page 14 of this document, it speaks of the background of the town Bloemfontein. The community of Bloemfontein initially consisted only of English speaking people. Almost all the houses and buildings were south of the stream on the so called 'water plots'. The town grew with the building of churches and schools and attracted many other groups like Germans, the Dutch, Jews and Afrikaners who were the first pioneers to settler there. The fast growing pace of the town also attracted many Black and Coloured people in search of work. The Blacks and Coloureds originated from the Bechuana, Hottentot, and Fingo groups, many of them emancipated slaves. Other mixed groups in the area included the Griqua, the San, the Khoikhoi and BaSotho.

Page 74 speaks about how Griqualand came about. The area between the Orange and Vaal rivers, originally known as Transoranje, with its abundance of permanent water sources, was the hunting grounds of the San. at the beginning of the 19th century. However, other groups began to infiltrate the area in the early 19th century. The Griquas under Adam Kok came from the west and settled themselves near the area later known as Philippolis. As a result of the Difaqane, many groups came to the Transoranje area in the 1820s from the east, fleeing from Shaka, King of the Zulus, and later Mzilikazi, first King of the Matabele.

In 1833, the Barolong under the chieftaincy of Moroka II established themselves at what was later known as Thaba Nchu. Around 1821, White stock farmers crossed the Orange River in search of grazing land, after drought and locust infestations ravaged the Cape Colony. Sometime between 1820 and 1826, trek Boer farmer Johan Nicolaas Brits settled in the Transoranje area. The area was convenient as it had a small stream and a fountain provided him with a good water supply. Apparently, the place Brits chose was originally a meeting place for hunters, and the Black people called it Mangaung (place of the cheetahs), but it became known as Bloemfontein in later years. There is some controversy surrounding the name, but one theory is that when Brits settled here, the fountain was surrounded by flowers and thus the Brits family named it Bloemfontein, literally meaning 'fountain of flowers'. Another theory is that the name was put forward by one of Brits' neighbors, Mr. Griesel, who referred it to as Mrs. Brits' garden. Over a period of time, conflict grew between the different population groups in the Transoranje area, resulting in British intervention. Therefore, in 1846, Major Henry Douglas Warden was appointed to set up a British residency in the area. Warden was tasked with the difficult job of maintaining peace between the different population groups and setting up an administration. His immediate orders were to set up a residency as soon as possible in a centrally situated place, between the areas occupied by Adam Kok and Mosheshwe. Warden accidentally came across the fountain area between the Riet and Modder rivers. From a military point of view, Warden found the area suitable because it was situated in a small valley surrounded by hills on all sides and was free of horse sickness. The centrality of the site would also make it easy for transport riders to bring necessary commodities to the settlement. Warden's troops, known as the Cape Riflemen, arrived in Bloemfontein

The first interaction the British had with Zulus dates from the year 1821/1822. The white settlers were depopulated by Chaka Zulu, the King of Zulus, who was later assassinated by his brother Dingaan in 1828. The document also mentions how Ketshawyo came to power and how the Zululand become colonised. It is stated that the British saw South Africa as a rich country in agricultural, pastoral and mineral resources, which benefited Great Britain's economy through trade. The document goes as far as showing the large quantities exported as well as their market value. Sir Bartle Frere's Policy was then introduced leading to the colonisation of the Zululand in 1849-1850.

Sir Bartle Frere's Policy aimed to break down and abolish the power of the chiefs as well as make the natives understand that the government is the only power in the country. After the policy came into place Natal and the Zulu tribe under Ketshawyo's rule were proclaimed a British Colony in the year 1848, however it was not fairly colonised until 1849- 1850. Events which took place during 1877 led to a war-cloud over the Zululand under Ketshawyo's rule.

The document was written by people from Western Civilisation hence "Shaka" is spelt as "Chaka"

This letter was written on 12 October 1881 by Captain Malcom to the Earl of Northbrook. There was a previous letter received from Sir Alexander Milne on the 10th which was stating that the king wanted Malcom's suggestions about how were they going to defeat the slave trade in the Red Sea. Malcom assumed that the East Indian squadron with the experience their officers had and with the help the Sultan of Zanzibar gave was quite able to cope with it. Malcom requested to refer Blue Book No.1,1879, slave Trade, Egypt,p.9, enclosure to letter No.17, touching on the trade at some ports in the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea, also to p.22, inclosure to letter 32. Malcom said that all those reports were written by him.

The journal of the Society for Arts is a review on a play based on The Zulu War. (Secondary Source). The memorandum about the history the Zulu race was written by Sir Theophilus Shepstone in 1875 as well as Mr F.B Fynney who contributed 3 years after. The character of the Zulu Chief, Cetywayo's weakness as a ruler was based on his cruelty and terror as he was unaware of the invincible powers of England which led to their downfall. The journal also mentions how Shaka Zulu defeated the British when he was still in power and how the natives tried to make use of his techniques after his death.

The Last Slave Market: Dr John Kirk and the Struggle to End the African Slave Trade. Alastair Hazell. Constable. [pounds sterling]16.99. [xii] + 352 pages. ISBN 978-1-84529-672-8. This is an enthralling account of the slave trade in Zanzibar in the nineteenth century and of the attempts of one man. Sir John Kirk, to end it. Kirk had been part of Livingstone's explorations in the 1860s and had had troubled relations with the great man. Where they agreed was in their opposition to slavery and the continuing trade in Africa, centred in Zanzibar and still flourishing in the 1870s. Using surviving MSS the author traces John Kirk's involvement with Livingstone, who could be difficult, to say the least, from the doomed Zambesi expedition. He then moves to Kirk's return to Africa in 1866, this time to Zanzibar as medical officer at the British consulate. The island was governed by the Mohammedan Sultan who benefited financially from the slave trade. Through a mastery of the trade's economics and through personal bravery Kirk was able to implement British policy to end the trade. He also helped Livingstone in his latest adventure and suffered at the hands of the egotistic missionary and the equally egotistic journalist, Stanley. While Kirk's work did not totally end the slave trade in East Africa--this only occurred in the 1890s--it was a major step forward. In this book we have not only the rehabilitation of a man who has been too frequently put into Livingstone's shadows but an account of the African slave trade seen at first hand by one who worked to end it.

This is an image, or rather illustration relating to the mission of Sir Bartle Frere in Zanzibar in 1873.

From page 24 onwards, this documents takes us through the events of Sir Bartle's visits in Zanzibar, as well as puts in depth his negotiations and what he does for persuasion.

Hi Mtoli, this source is not shared properly. It says "log in through your library". It appears you did not access the site through the UJ database, using your UJ details.

This is an external article that clearly explains the ins and outs of Sir Bartle's 1873 visit to Zanzibar.

"Fearing British aggression, Cetshwayo had started to purchase guns before the war. The Zulus now had thousands of old-fashioned muskets and a few modern rifles at their disposal. But their warriors were not properly trained in their use. Most Zulus entered battle armed only with shields and spears. However, they still proved formidable opponents. They were courageous under fire, manoeuvred with great skill and were adept in hand-to-hand combat. Most of the actions fought during the war hinged on whether British firepower could keep the Zulus at bay. 'March slowly, attack at dawn and eat up the red soldiers.' King Cetshwayo's orders to his troops at Isandlwana, 1879 View this object The Battle of Isandlwana, 22 January 1879 Defeat at Isandlwana On 22 January 1879, Chelmsford established a temporary camp for his column near Isandlwana, but neglected to strengthen its defence by encircling his wagons. After receiving intelligence reports that part of the Zulu army was nearby, he led part of his force out to find them. Over 20,000 Zulus, the main part of Cetshwayo's army, then launched a surprise attack on Chelmsford's poorly fortified camp. Fighting in an over-extended line and too far from their ammunition, the British were swamped by sheer weight of numbers. The majority of their 1,700 troops were killed. Supplies and ammunition were also seized. The Zulus earned their greatest victory of the war and Chelmsford was left no choice but to retreat. The Victorian public was shocked by the news that 'spear-wielding savages' had defeated their army. View this object This belt was taken from King Cetshwayo after his capture. It was probably worn by a soldier at Isandlwana. View this object Ntshingwayo kaMahole (right) led the Zulus at Isandlwana, 1879 View this object Rorke's Drift with Isandlwana in the distance, 1879 22-23 January Rorke's Drift After their victory at Isandlwana, around 4,000 Zulus pressed on to Rorke's Drift, w

The British forces had experienced officers and NCOs and the men were well trained and disciplined; besides they had the well-made and sturdy Martini-Henry rifle. The Natal Native Contingent, however, were badly trained, undisciplined and bad shots, and had little experience of battle conditions. this also resulted in many men dying from using guns they were not ready for to use. this also puts British at a advantage or leverage over the Zulu people as they had more skill and training on using guns.

The Committee for Studies of the Upper Congo was founded by Leopold II in 1878 with financing from an international group of bankers, following the British-American explorer Henry ( later Sir Henry ) Morton Stanley's exploration of the Congo River in 1876-77. Leopold hoped to open up the region along the Congo River. Between 1879 and 1882, Stanley, under the auspices of the renamed International Association of the Congo, established several trading and administrative stations along the Congo River, including Leopoldville ( now Kinshasa), and negotiated treaties with local chiefs.

No it does not. It shows a title page about Sir Bartle Frere.

This document provides Dr. Livingstone's report on his exploration and experience in Africa. He was a Christian missionary and an explorer in Africa. The letter provides his observation and travels which were sent to Sir Roderick Murchison, who was a supporter of Dr. Livingstone with whom he shared his reports. One of the key factors that he mentions is the observation of Africa's environment. He also highlights his aim to locate the source of the Nile River which is located in the Northern East part of Africa. He also touches on the fact that he had unknowingly received financial assistance from the Royal Geographical Society which enabled him to further continue his work. The letter pays attention to Livingstone's journey through central Africa. He describes his experience in trying to explore and end the slave trade. He talks about the challenges he faced which included illnesses like pneumonia. It gives insight on the exploration of Africa.

Counts as your general historical source (not Diigo or T&F)