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Paula Shaw

Rapid e-learning articles - 1 views

kineo.com/rapid-elearning

E-Learning rapid Derby module

shared by Paula Shaw on 21 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Paula Shaw on 21 Sep 13
     
    Rapid e-learning guides to best practice
  • Paula Shaw on 21 Sep 13
     
    Rapid e-learning guides to best practice
Paula Shaw

Downloads - LDSE - 0 views

sites.google.com/...downloads

H817 E-Learning connectivism technology design Learning

shared by Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
     
    Prototype software to support lesson and learning design. Also the Pedagogic Patterns tool
Paula Shaw

elearnspace. Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age - 0 views

www.elearnspace.org/...connectivism.htm

H817 E-Learning connectivism technology collaboration

shared by Paula Shaw on 02 Feb 14 - Cached
  • Technology is altering (rewiring) our brains. The tools we use define and shape our thinking.
  • Know-how and know-what is being supplemented with know-where (the understanding of where to find knowledge needed).
  • ome questions to explore in relation to learning theories and the impact of technology and new sciences (chaos and networks) on learning: How are learning theories impacted when knowledge is no longer acquired in the linear manner? What adjustments need to made with learning theories when technology performs many of the cognitive operations previously performed by learners (information storage and retrieval). How can we continue to stay current in a rapidly evolving information ecology? How do learning theories address moments where performance is needed in the absence of complete understanding? What is the impact of networks and complexity theories on learning? What is the impact of chaos as a complex pattern recognition process on learning? With increased recognition of interconnections in differing fields of knowledge, how are systems and ecology theories perceived in light of learning tasks?
Paula Shaw

IFETS - Discussions - 0 views

ifets.ieee.org/...discuss_march2003.html

H817 E-Learning online

shared by Paula Shaw on 02 Feb 14 - Cached
  • typically presented in a descriptive format
  • few common terms used consistently
  • Online learning – this term describes education that occurs only through the Web, that is, it does not consist of any physical learning materials issued to students or actual face to face contact. Purely online learning is essentially the use of eLearning tools in a distance education mode using the Web as the sole medium for all student learning and contact.
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • meets with students (either in a face to face mode or through a technological means) and a resource-base of content materials and learning activities is made available to students
  • Web-based, Web-distributed or Web-capable for the purposes of education.
  • eLearning tools available through a shared administrative interface
  • Interactive
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      Interactivity has gone way beyond this now, since this paper was written. We understand interactivity in more social ways now that more clearly replicate the face to face experience
  • sound education practice (which encompasses so-called ‘androgogy’)
  • fundamental principles for eLearning
  • there are two types of interactivity, indicative and simulative. Indicative interactivity is typified by the use of button rollovers and site navigation. Clicking a button to start an animation or turn the page is indicative interactivity. Simulative interactivity is interactivity that enables students to learn from their own choices in a way that provides some form of feedback. The ability to select between different Web pages is indicative interactivity; the ability to fly a virtual plane in a realistic virtual environment is simulative interactivity.
  • eLearning as a means of education as opposed to a mode of education
  • cannot be compared with face to face delivery or distance education because it can be used within either of these models.
  • emphasis is on the constructivist use of technologies which provide students with opportunities to construct their own understandings
  • eLearning changes the role of the instructor, particularly in online environments (Coppola et al 2002) and in blended modes
  • more developed form of existing instructional methodologies
  • Weller (2002) provides a helpful framework for categorization of such courses based on the extent to which they are didactic/constructivist and make use of high/low levels of technology. It is clear that the distinction between purely online and partly online is an important one, and that the philosophical framework of a course is also; Weller’s framework is to be preferred when categorizing such courses.  
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      This is a very contentious issue that we are still struggling with today - when is blended learning really online learning? When is blended learning passed-off as online learning and not challenged when it provides a sub-standard service?
  • Technology is pedagogically neutral
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      I wouldn't agree that technology is pedagogically neutral. As it is absorbed into every day life it changes educators expectations about what it can do, their practices and behaviours. 
  • instructional designers should drive eLearning, not technologists
  • “E-learning doesn’t change anything about how human beings learn.”
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      This takes some thinking about - what do you think?
  • eLearning can be used in two major ways; the presentation of education content, and the facilitation of education processes.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      What about Turnitin? neither content or facilitation; it is a means of enhancing the assessment process.
  • attention must be given to the contribution eLearning can make to learning so that any use of eLearning becomes a seamless component of the overall course design and delivery package.
  • Clear design is a feature of successful online learning (Swan 2001), and a responsive instructor who facilitates learning and encourages students to explore their learning at a conceptual level is a must for effective conceptual change (Ramsden, 1992).
  • There is general agreement across existing education literature that collaborative dialogue and communication with instructors are major contributors toward successful learning;
  • This is a very important step that ensures that file sizes are appropriate, students are able to continue their studies if they are away from a computer, the family phone line is not continuously tied up for dial-up Web access, etc. It may be more appropriate to provide certain materials on paper or CD-ROM rather than over the Web in many cases.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 03 Feb 14
       
      It is amazing that we thought that way less than 10 years ago!!
  • . For many students who do not like to read from a screen or cannot take their desktop computers away on holiday with them for the weekend, such a move requires them to print the materials out.
  • Overall it is how the students measure against the learning objectives, not whether or not they can use the technology that will determine their success in the workplace.
  • There must also be a conviction that technological tools improve teaching and learning to ensure long-term commitment to their use, and to ensure appropriate implementation. 
  • Paula Shaw on 02 Feb 14
     
    A Theory for eLearning. Defining different types of TEL from F2F to full online and associated hypothesis
Paula Shaw

An Open Future for Higher Education (EDUCAUSE Quarterly) | EDUCAUSE.edu - 2 views

www.educause.edu/...open-future-higher-education

future higher education educause H817

shared by Paula Shaw on 26 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • splitting up the functions of content, support, assessment, and accreditation.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      This is how we have started to understand how UDOL functions as a 'disaggregated model'
  • open approach is likely to encourage the crossing of boundaries between inside and outside the classroom, games and tools for learning, and the amateur and the expert.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      This is reflective of 'Activity Theory' and social constructivism. However, open approaches haven't yet solved the issue of safety - we have an academic responsibility for the students in our charge which we can't honestly guarantee in open environments.
  • new attitude toward research and scholarship is needed
  • ...56 more annotations...
  • clear across all business sectors is that maintaining a closed approach leads to missing out on ways to connect with people and locks organizations into less innovative approaches.6
  • where explicit permission to freely use and modify code has developed a software industry that rivals commercial approaches, a proposed "open content" license7
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      We know that OER are licensed under Creative Commons but what about MOOCs? There are things in MOOCs that are open like You Tube videos but what about the written content and activities. It is not yet clear how accessible these are for repurposing.
  • Such a model has limitations in how it can scale, given the need for physical buildings and direct contact.
  • core high-quality learning materials linked to cohorts of students working through those materials and receiving feedback from tutors.
  • The development of appropriate pedagogical models depends on understanding how people learn.
  • transmission metaphor
  • resonance with the idea of the lecture
  • learning as identity creation
  • construction of human identity as the key underlying purpose of learning, which has four components: Practice Meaning Community Identity
  • belonging, relating to the social configurations in which we participate in shared enterprise
  • becoming — the process by which we define who we are and how learning changes who we are
  • John Seely Brown
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      Writes and lectures extensively about the shift in education especially online. His wiki is worth a look: http://www.johnseelybrown.com/
  • learning is less about transmission, or indeed less about knowledge, and rather about how to operate at personal and society levels has resonances in the current striking change in learning environments.
  • user gains the ability to personalize educational resources in the widest sense
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      I am not sure I entirely agree with this. Certainly in closed environments like Blackboard the tutor or more appropriately in UDOL, the author has the ability to select what they think is the most appropriate tool, I would't say that the user (student) has the opportunity to 'personalize educational resources'. In open environments like MOOCs the users do have more choice of communication tools which are still limited by their own abilities, so not in the 'widest sense.' In both open and closed environments  I still think that the ability to personalise 'educational resources in the widest sense' is controlled by the content author.
  • customized learning agenda
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      This isn't about personalizing the content but more about personalizing the way in which they navigate the content
  • a disaggregation of the content, support, assessment, and accreditation functions integrated into most education systems
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      Although we use the term 'dis-aggregated model' in UDOL this is the first time I have seen it in print. Our dis-aggregated model is similar but our 'support' has been separated into tutor support and OLA support, 'assessment' is combined with tutor support except for Study centre+ and accreditation is a university regulations system.
  • As the technology emerges to support this form of learning, it is hard to know how to best apply it or combine it with existing methods and structures.
  • an imperative to experiment with the ways in which it might work.
  • content plays a direct teaching role, explaining tasks and incorporating ways to assess progress.18 This means that the value the OU has placed on its content differs from that of more conventional universities;
  • move toward open educational resources in its OpenLearn initiative risks its existing market while also offering a greater chance of reuse.
  • Enhancing the OU's reputation Extending the university's reach to new users and communities Recruitment of students from those who come to see OpenLearn Supporting widening participation
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      These I see as means of marketing the OU.
  • Providing an experimental base of material for use within the university
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      I don't think we have considered this, We have thought about tasters but it is assumed that the taster content will be in its final state. Testing out small sections of a module, perhaps 1 or 2 units to gather information about interest and/or relevance would be useful.
  • Accelerating uptake and use of new technologies
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      We haven't really thought about testing our just 1 or 2 technologies here either, or even a new simulation tool.
  • Acting as a catalyst for less formal collaborations and partnerships
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      I m assuming here they mean research collaborations? but partnerships - Karl?
  • analysis of user behavior, then questionnaires targeting those who used the site more heavily, supported by follow-up interviews and monitoring of activities taking place with the open content. The results from one of these studies (n = 2,011) highlighted two distinct clusters of learners: "volunteer" students and "social" learners.21
  • The volunteer students sought the content they wanted to learn from, and they expected to work through it. These learners were most interested in more content, tools for self-assessment, and ways to reflect on their individual learning. Because OpenLearn provides a learning environment (see Figure 1) with many of these tools, some learners showed these traits in practice, even completing essays and indicating that they met word length conditions, either in the public forums or in the more private learning journals. The social learners were less motivated to work through the content. Rather, they seem to see learning as a way to meet people with shared interests. This cluster of learners ranked communication tools more highly and were more interested in advanced features on the website.
  • content-driven learners were more numerous in the survey data than social learners, it nevertheless seems that offering open content supports both models for learning, with users interpreting the site as designed to meet their needs.
  • Casual users may find their answers quickly rather than through engaging with the material in detail, though it is notable that around 10 percent choose to view the content in its complete "print version."
  • open approach allows universities to support learners at an additional marginal cost over providing access to students registered at each institution, although those costs are not insignificant. The total investment for initiating the OpenLearn service exceeded $11 million, of which nearly $9 million came from The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, which is clearly not repeatable across all institutions. Initiative-based funding completed in May 2008; since then the continuation of OpenLearn has depended on mainstreaming the approach22 so that production of open content happens alongside other production of content. Recent figures from MIT also reflect reduced reliance on outside funding as the institutional priority was recognized.23 On the other hand, it is worrying that Utah State University chose to cancel its open courseware program in reducing its costs to meet the financial downturn in 2009.24
  • The view of individuals learning in their own time and at their own pace continues to have a clear role and fits with other aspects of "learning to be," in which mastery of an area needs to combine access to individual knowledge sources with interaction and practice in the field.
  • parallel by empowering the learner to either engage quietly with content or to gather around the content as an attractor that brings together a sufficient mass of learners for social support and exchange to occur, related to but not dependent on the specific content.
  • Technology, and mobile technology in particular, offers interesting ways of supporting the transitions made by learners across settings, for example between classrooms and after-school clubs, or between in-school working and working in the field.
  • focus less on the age-related generational aspect while finding real evidence of "net behaviors" occurring in all student groups, changing the way some people relate to their educational experience
  • Our studies indicate that the merging of these two worlds can bring benefits in connectedness, willingness to learn, and engagement.
  • One difficulty has been the disjunction between the play experience and the need for demonstrable learning feedback.
  • European project called eXcellence in Decision-making through Enhanced Learning in Immersive Applications (xDelia) aims to use wearable sensors (see Figure 3) and serious games to identify and address the effects of emotional regulation in financial decision making in three fields: professional trading, private investment, and personal finance.
  • mixes games technology and feedback but also careful evaluation to address the learning concerns and fit the needs of industry. Again, this challenges conventional routes to education, as it is unclear that accreditation and assessment are the drivers; instead, motivation comes from more authentic experiences and links to others facing the same problems.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      I would tend to agree, I haven't yet seen an example of gaming that really meets the need of assessment and from this point of view it is hard to justify the ROI.
  • This approach is exemplified in citizen science, where members of the public contribute to scientific projects without needing significant specialist training or expertise
  • Evidence-Based Inquiry Learning across Formal and Informal Settings (PI),
  • Research on "serious games"31
  • peer participant in authentic activities
  • The iSpot Nature Observation Site
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      Have the environment health team just invented a similar app?
  • CMU found that adding metrics to the content itself increased its efficacy for learners by giving them feedback; it also enabled researchers to understand how the online content was being used.34 A mix of methods were applied in OpenLearn to build a picture of activity, combining conventional questionnaires and interviews with monitoring of blogs and analytics.
  • we are carrying out targeted research projects, building capacity through fellowships, and identifying and sharing results.
    • Paula Shaw
      Paula Shaw on 27 Jan 14
       
      Something we don't yet have the capacity or expertise for? I think when we come to discussing research there will be tension between subject related research on research about online learning
  • Results from research into the open world are of necessity often tentative and based on partial data, which conflicts with some of the norms of academic research — it seems that some Web2.0 principles allowing rapid software development also tolerate the idea of a "permanent beta."35 The slow rate of publication and the demands of review are at odds with busy practitioners' desire to contribute their observations and opinions for rapid reflection.
  • OLnet adopts a model of collective intelligence supported by appropriate tools36 where ideas can be challenged or agreed with rather than proved and assessed.
  • Open research also raises ethical and practical issues. One of OLnet's research subprojects investigates how participatory learning takes place across socially driven sites
  • . The ethical and pragmatic view is that such research activity is appropriate because no harm can be foreseen; realistically, it is not possible to obtain the informed consent we seek in other cases when we gather user data. The next stage in open research is to make the data as well as the conclusions public, and we are taking steps to build this practice into OLnet by providing less formal reports38 as we progress and organizing data in tools for others to access. These methods are still in development, but represent part of the movement toward a new understanding of the role of research and scholarship when information sharing and connections can be made very rapidly.
  • we are exploring the links between these practices to provide a model of digital scholarship.
  • drawing attention to the power openness might have as an agent for change.
  • However, the move to being more open also raises challenges across each of the core functions of a university: business, teaching, and research.
  • Even more significant changes are happening in the world of information, however. Internet systems are causing us to question the value of personal knowledge and to establish new measures of shared and self-published information that has not been judged by conventional academic systems.
  • There is no easy answer as to how to operate in this new world, though it seems unlikely that a face-to-face fixed location model can respond as effectively as other models.
  • in producing educational material, it is important to look beyond the immediate audience to target a potentially wider group of learners.
  • ; the main opportunity may lie not in being a producer of content but rather in being an effective user and supporter of learners using such content
  • , then skills in bringing together good patterns or designs for learning44 and connecting them with assessment and accreditation will be extremely valuable
Paula Shaw

Massiveness + Openness = New Literacies of Participation? - 0 views

jolt.merlot.org/...stewart_bonnie_0613.htm

MOOCs

shared by Paula Shaw on 14 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Paula Shaw on 14 Nov 13
     
    A critical look at the development of MOOCs and their place in the current educational society; including a discussion about future potential.
Paula Shaw

Johnston, R (2009) Salvation or destruction: metaphors of the internet - 0 views

firstmonday.org/...2158

Internet metaphors

shared by Paula Shaw on 14 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • Paula Shaw on 14 Nov 13
     
    Johnston draws from the key work of Lakoff and Johnson to highlight the important work that metaphors do in shaping our thinking. She identifies two broad categories of metaphors drawn from the titles of editorials about the internet in late 2008 - those that take a utopian perspective (salvation - transformative and revolutionary) and those that are dystopian (destruction - attacking and supplanting).
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