Ode Modern world History Standard
6. Enlightenment thinkers applied reason to discover natural laws guiding human nature in social, political and economic systems and institutions.
opportunity for concrete, contextually meaningful experience through which they
can search for patterns, raise their own questions, and construct their own
models.
engage in activity, discourse, and reflection
take on more ownership of the ideas, and to pursue autonomy, mutual reciprocity
of social relations, and empowerment to be the goals.
"knowledge proceeds neither solely from the experience of objects nor from an
innate programming
but from successive constructions."
and the effect of social interaction, language, and culture on learning.
This movement occurs in the so-called "zone of proximal development" as a result
of social interaction.
disappointed with the overwhelming control of environment over human behavior
that is represented in behaviorism.
recognized two
internalization
basic processes operating continuously at every level of human activity
internalization and externalization
complex mental function is first an interaction between people
becomes a process within individuals
This transformation involves the mastery of external means of thinking and
learning to use symbols to control and regulate one's thinking.
the claim is that mental processes can be understood only if we understand the
tools and signs that mediate them
the gesture of pointing could not have been established as a sign without the
reaction of the other person.
Bruner's key concepts
mode of representing past events through appropriate motor responses
which enables
perceiver to "summarize events by organization of percepts and of images
symbol system which represents things by design features that can be arbitrary
and remote, e.g. language
Bruner's influence on instruction
Translating material into children's modes of thought:
enable learners to develop cognitive growth: questioning, prompting
discovery as" all forms of obtaining knowledge for oneself by the use of one's
own mind
Interpersonal interaction
Discovery learning:
Spiral Curriculum:
promote concept discovery, the teacher presents the set of instances that will
best help learners to develop an appropriate model of the concept.
cognitive
constructivists
sociocultural constructivists
focusing on the individual cognitive construction of mental structures;
emphasizing the social interaction and cultural practice on the construction of
knowledge
Promote discovery in the exercise of problem solving
Variables in instruction: nature of knowledge, nature of the knower, and
nature of the knowledge-getting process
Feedback must be provided in a mode that is both meaningful and within the
information-processing capacity of the learner.
Intrinsic pleasure of discovery promote a sense of self-reward
Knowledge cannot exist independently from the knower;
Learning is viewed as self-regulatory process
Cognitive constructivists focus on the active mental construction struggling
with the conflict between existing personal models of the world, and incoming
information in the environment.
Sociocultural constructivists emphasis
in which learners construct their models of reality as a meaning-making
undertaking with culturally developed tools and symbols
and negotiate such meaning thorough cooperative social activity, discourse and
debate (
Learners are active in making sense of things instead of responding to stimuli.
learners " make tentative interpretations of experience
requires invention and self-organization
Errors need to be perceived as a result of learners' conceptions and therefore
not minimized or avoided.
the learners are responsible for defending, proving, justifying, and
communicating their ideas to the classroom community.
humans seek to organize and generalize across experiences
According to TIP's
Theory Into Practice
Spiral organization:
Going beyond the information given:
Readiness:
learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
that learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or
concepts based upon their current/past knowledge.
Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the student
learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts
based upon their current/past knowledge.
Bruner's major theoretical framework is that learning is an active process in
which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past
knowledge.
it is important to bring attention to all the ways math is relevant to everyday life
Bring your visual learner along shopping with you and be sure to have him or her help you figure out how much money you will need for your purchases. Letting them have a piggy bank, and counting the money often will also be helpful. Math is plentifully available in cooking together, clipping coupons, saving for a special toy, and even in building with blocks or cutting play-dough into fractional parts. Math can be almost everywhere when you are looking for it.
using color to differentiate between addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems can be very helpful. In learning sequential step problems, highlighting each step in a different color can also overcome this natural difficulty.
What To Avoid With Visual Learners
Rote memorization and drill will not only be mostly impossible for your visual learner, but will also sap his natural love of learning.
Visual learners also tend to “visualize” time passing, so timed quizzes and tests put almost tangible pressure on them, causing unnecessary anxiety
not always be able to “show their work.”
, be prepared for a visual learner to
It is important to help them to understand that their visual learning style is not a disadvantage, but simply a different way of acquiring knowledge
“I think speech recognition is really going to upend the current [computer] interface.
“We’re at a transition point where voice and natural-language understanding are suddenly at the forefront,
Jim Glass, a senior research scientist at MIT who has been working on speech interfaces since the 1980s, says today’s smart phones pack as much processing power as the laboratory machines he worked with in the ’90s. Smart phones also have high-bandwidth data connections to the cloud, where servers can do the heavy lifting involved with both voice recognition and understanding spoken queries. “The combination of more data and more computing power means you can do things today that you just couldn’t do before,” says Glass. “You can use more sophisticated statistical models.”
But voice functionality is built into Android, the Windows Phone platform, and most other mobile systems, as well as many apps
Nuance is at the heart of the boom in voice technology
, Nuance hopes to put its speech interfaces in many more places, most notably the television and the automobile
Meanwhile, the Sync entertainment system in Ford automobiles already uses Nuance’s technology to let drivers pull up directions, weather information, and songs. About four million Ford cars on the road have Sync with voice recognition. Last week, Nuance introduced software called Dragon Drive that will let other car manufacturers add voice-control features to vehicles
“It’s astonishingly accurate,” says Brian Phelps, CEO and cofounder of Montrue and himself an ER doctor. “Speech has turned a corner; it’s gotten to a point where we’re getting incredible accuracy right out of the box
Sejnoha believes that within a few years, mobile voice interfaces will be much more pervasive and powerful. “I should just be able to talk to it without touching it,” he says. “It will constantly be listening for trigger words, and will just do it—pop up a calendar, or ready a text message, or a browser that’s navigated to where you want to go
Constitution Day commemorates the formation and signing of the U.S. Constitution by thirty-nine brave men on September 17, 1787, recognizing all who, are born in the U.S.
or by naturalization, have become citizens.
Mimicing biology in technology. Very popular link through art and science, one Akron University is really interested in right now as well. Inspiration, education and general info on the subject"
They found that students who went straight to the lecture did not know what to listen for, whereas students who played the game first had better context and greater motivation.
M.I.T. Media Lab developed a programming language, Scratch, that enables kids as young as kindergartners to build games. Microsoft has developed a similar tool called Kodu.