Group items tagged

日本翻訳者協会 Working with Translators What is the difference between translating and interpreting? Translation means the transfer of written messages from one language to another, while interpreting refers to the transfer of spoken messages. Sometimes ‘translation’ is used as a generic term covering both practices, but when hiring someone’s services it will be less confusing if you distinguish between these different skills. What can a professional translator do for you? give you access to documents written in a language you don’t understand enable you to communicate your views in another language enhance the image of your company or organization by producing a professional document that is accurate and uses a style and terminology that are consistent and appropriate for your target audience help sell your products or services and ensure that a bad translation does not compromise your reputation or the quality of your products or service save you money by reducing the number of errors in your documents and eliminating delays and the need for expensive patch-up jobs later save you the worry and problems that arise from working with amateurs save you from possible embarrassment by pointing out any problems in cross-cultural communication. If you care about the quality of the end product, it is essential to use a professional translator rather than somebody who simply has a knowledge of two languages. What are the qualities of a good translator? a sophisticated understanding of the foreign language an understanding of the topic being translated an ability to transfer ideas expressed in one language into an equally meaningful form in the other language an above-average capacity to write well in the target language (the language in which the translation is written), using language appropriate for the topic and readership broad general knowledge a sound knowledge of the two cultures involved mental agility sensitivity and attention to detail an understanding of specialized terminology in the field of the translation and a willingness to do further research if necessary training or experience. Translation is more than just a mechanical exercise in looking up words in a dictionary and substituting the grammatical constructions of one language for those of another. Often there is no one-to-one equivalence between words in different languages–for instance, a particular word might have different emotional connotations in the other language. A professional translator will be aware of these potential difficulties and know how to cope with them. What are the characteristics of a good translation? Accuracy, logic and clarity in expression are key characteristics of a good translation, along with an appropriate tone and level of language (e.g., level of formality or technicality). On-time delivery is also essential. Above all, a translation must fulfil the function you require of it. With a translation for use in court, accuracy will be of paramount importance, even if the translation reads somewhat awkwardly, whereas with texts for publication it is vital that the translation reads smoothly. Tell the translator about your needs, what and who the translation is for, and what you expect the final product to look like. This won’t take a minute, but could save you a great deal of money and frustration and will help ensure a good translation. Can translators work in both language directions equally well? It is very rare

Clients are sometimes surprised at the high cost of translations.

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to discuss the trend towards cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and review best practices for successful cross-border M&A transactions (and how they differ from executing national deals).

There are virtual communities representing everything from intense one-on-one encounters, people interested in gardening, political and environmental lobbyists to political prisoners (Rosenberg, 2004, p.612). The uses are diverse but all virtual communities on some level provide an interactive forum for communication between its users. The level of communication is often directly related to 1: the needs of the users and 2: the specific purpose of the particular virtual community. Most virtual communities have at least one of three main purposes: either to network and collaborate, provide emotional support or to improve quality of life (Joinson, 2003, p.169)

vironment, it is easier than in the past to maintain transnational connections. In

As a general rule, for works created after January 1, 1978, copyright protection lasts for the life of the author plus an additional 70 years.

The term of copyright for a particular work depends on several factors, including whether it has been published, and, if so, the date of first publication. As a general rule, f