These reports are variously called feasibility reports, recommendation reports, evaluation reports, assessment reports, and who knows what else. They all do roughly the same thing—provide carefully studied opinions and, sometimes, recommendations. There are some subtle differences among some these types, but there are absolutely no universally agreed-upon names for them:

According to America Online’s most recent survey, 26 percent of its users use IM at work. Of that 26 percent, 58 percent use IM to communicate with colleagues, and 49 percent use it to get answers and make business decisions.1

IM allows users to transfer files and images, which can be dangerous. IM was originally designed for entertainment purposes. The software did not take into account the possible transfer of sensitive data such as electronic personal health information.

IM software has a very basic technology structure, which creates many security issues.

Be aware that when you send an email in rich text or HTML format, the sender might only be able to receive plain text emails. If this is the case, the recipient will receive your message as a .txt attachment. Most email clients however, including Microsoft Outlook, are able to receive HTML and rich text messages.

Do not forward chain letters. We can safely say that all of them are hoaxes. Just delete the letters as soon as you receive them.

This will almost always annoy your recipient before he or she has even read your message.

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The distinction between fair use and infringement may be unclear and not easily defined. There is no specific number of words, lines, or notes that may safely be taken without permission.

Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission.

The safest course is always to get permission from the copyright owner before using copyrighted material. The Copyright Office cannot give this permission.

in the USA, almost everything created privately and originally after April 1, 1989 is copyrighted and protected whether it has a notice or not

The default you should assume for other people's works is that they are copyrighted and may not be copied unless you know otherwise.

Note that granting something to the public domain is a complete abandonment of all rights. You can't make something "PD for non-commercial use." If your work is PD, other people can even modify one byte and put their name on it. You might want to look into Creative Commons style licences if you want to grant wide rights.

日本翻訳者協会 Working with Translators What is the difference between translating and interpreting? Translation means the transfer of written messages from one language to another, while interpreting refers to the transfer of spoken messages. Sometimes ‘translation’ is used as a generic term covering both practices, but when hiring someone’s services it will be less confusing if you distinguish between these different skills. What can a professional translator do for you? give you access to documents written in a language you don’t understand enable you to communicate your views in another language enhance the image of your company or organization by producing a professional document that is accurate and uses a style and terminology that are consistent and appropriate for your target audience help sell your products or services and ensure that a bad translation does not compromise your reputation or the quality of your products or service save you money by reducing the number of errors in your documents and eliminating delays and the need for expensive patch-up jobs later save you the worry and problems that arise from working with amateurs save you from possible embarrassment by pointing out any problems in cross-cultural communication. If you care about the quality of the end product, it is essential to use a professional translator rather than somebody who simply has a knowledge of two languages. What are the qualities of a good translator? a sophisticated understanding of the foreign language an understanding of the topic being translated an ability to transfer ideas expressed in one language into an equally meaningful form in the other language an above-average capacity to write well in the target language (the language in which the translation is written), using language appropriate for the topic and readership broad general knowledge a sound knowledge of the two cultures involved mental agility sensitivity and attention to detail an understanding of specialized terminology in the field of the translation and a willingness to do further research if necessary training or experience. Translation is more than just a mechanical exercise in looking up words in a dictionary and substituting the grammatical constructions of one language for those of another. Often there is no one-to-one equivalence between words in different languages–for instance, a particular word might have different emotional connotations in the other language. A professional translator will be aware of these potential difficulties and know how to cope with them. What are the characteristics of a good translation? Accuracy, logic and clarity in expression are key characteristics of a good translation, along with an appropriate tone and level of language (e.g., level of formality or technicality). On-time delivery is also essential. Above all, a translation must fulfil the function you require of it. With a translation for use in court, accuracy will be of paramount importance, even if the translation reads somewhat awkwardly, whereas with texts for publication it is vital that the translation reads smoothly. Tell the translator about your needs, what and who the translation is for, and what you expect the final product to look like. This won’t take a minute, but could save you a great deal of money and frustration and will help ensure a good translation. Can translators work in both language directions equally well? It is very rare

Clients are sometimes surprised at the high cost of translations.

Gerard A. Hauser: "Rhetoric is an instrumental use of language. One person engages another person in an exchange of symbols to accomplish some goal. It is not communication for communication's sake. Rhetoric is communication that attempts to coordinate social action. For this reason, rhetorical communication is explicitly pragmatic. Its goal is to influence human choices on specific matters that require immediate attention."

John Locke: "[Rhetoric,] that powerful instrument of error and deceit."