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The Digital Observatory for Protected Areas "Providing the right information to the right people with the right tools" Supporting GEO's Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO-BON), the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA) is conceived as a set of distributed Critical Biodiversity Informatics Infrastructures (databases, web modeling services, broadcasting services, ...) combined with interoperable web services to provide a large variety of endusers including park managers, decision-makers and researchers with means to assess, monitor and possibly forecast the state and pressure of protected areas at the global scale. DOPA has three main objectives: 1) Provide best available material (data, indicators, models) agreed on by contributing institutions which can serve for establishing baselines for research & reporting; 2) Provide free web based tools (databases, portals, modeling services) designed to generate the best available material but also for research purposes, decision making and capacity building activities for conservation; 3) Provide an interoperable and, as much as possible, open source framework to allow institutions to get their own means to assess, monitor and forecast the state and pressure of protected areas and help these to further engage with the organizations hosting critical biodiversity informatics infrastructures. Developped in collaboration by major institutions active in the field of biodiversity conservation (UNEP-WCMC, BirdLife International, GBIF, IUCN, ...), DOPA is designed to encourage a multi-scale cross-disciplinary approach to biodiversity without being exposed to excessive risks coming from mixing data from undocumented sources and/or with undocumented uncertainties. - See more at: http://dopa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/#sthash.63zAz2Cx.dpuf Supporting GEO's Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO-BON), the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas (DOPA) is conceived as a set of distributed Critical Biodiversity Informatics Infrastr

This presentation will: Discuss challenges faced in protected area management in the Caribbean Explore why a rights-based approach to conservation is critical Address transparency of government and corporate actors in relation to the use of natural resources in protected areas Address rights of the public to participate in protected area management Address accountability of government actions to stated policy goals Present case studies about the Portland Bight Protected Area in Jamaica , la Reserva de Biosfera Jaragua-Bahoruco-Enriquillo in Dominican Republic, and Caracol Bay in Haiti

This publication is an important step to enhance governancecapacities for the world's protected area systems. Part 1 provides an overview of the four different protected area governance types recognised by the IUCN, with plenty of examples of what they are, why they are important and howthey might be integrated into coherent and effective protectedarea systems. It also addresses the complex question of what constitutes good governance in various circumstances. Part 2 offers practical guidance for a multi-stakeholder group willing to embark on the process of assessing, evaluating and improving governance for a given system

O artigo de Andres Thiel e sus companheiros segue em anexo. É do tipo um "achado". De um lado, a questão, Como as características dos recursos naturais renováveis e o framework regulatório (no caso o europeu) explica a infraestrutura institucional local (a estrutura de governança) ? Do outro o referencial neoinstitucionalista é usado com a precisão de um artesão, sem afetação, para develarmos como as características dos recursos afeta a transação, e, em seguida juntar com os condicionantes da regulação para enquadrar as instituições locais (a estrutura de governança). E como se não bastasse, faz uso do ABDUCTIVE APPROACH de forma criativa e com excelente resultado. "This paper scrutinizes determinants of regional-level institutions regulating the provisionof biodiversity and ecosystem services. Two cases of maintaining ecosystem services,provided by quite different resource systems, are compared: the protection of wolvesand the management of a high nature value agroforestry system, scattered fruit treemeadows. Taking an abductive approach, we suggest that the distinct characteristicsof resources - in particular the mobility of resource units - and differences in theoverarching European regulatory framework - the obligation to protect wolves versusvoluntary compensation payments to maintain scattered fruit tree meadows - largelyexplain the existing institutional structures at regional level. Cost-effectiveness considera-tions concerning the transaction costs of governance seem to act as determinants for thedesign and implementation of regional institutions. Livestock depredated by wolves isprotected by a liability rule and hierarchical governance structures. In turn, maintenance of scattered fruit trees is subject to a property rule and voluntary long-term agreements."

Uma das grandes limitações postas a implantação e operação das estruturas de governança das Areas marinhas protegidas dada as suas dimensões e complexidade, é o a capacitação e o custo necessário ao seu monitoramento. Aqui, Daniel Kachelriess e seus companheiros tratam das possibilidades abertas o sensoriamento remoto no monitoramento de tais areas, o que implica a possibilidade de mobilizar-e novas competências e, a depender da situação com redução dos custos e aumento a qualidade do monitoramento, em especial em areas de graandes dimensões. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are importanttools for the conservation of marine biodiversity but their designation and effective monitoring require frequent, comprehensive, reliable data. We aim to show that remote sensing (RS), as demonstrated for terrestrial protected areas, has the potential to provide key information to support MPA management. We review existing literature on the use of RS to monitor biodiversity surrogates, e.g. ecological (e.g., primary productivity) and oceanographic (e.g., Sea Surface Temperature) parameters that have been shown to structure marine biodiversity.We then highlight the potential for RS to inform marine habitat mapping and monitoring, and discuss how RS can be used to track anthropogenic activities and its impacts on biodiversity inMPAs. Reasons for low integration of RS in MPA management and current limitations are also presented. This work concludes that RS shows great promise to support wildlife managers in their efforts to protectmarine biodiversity around the world,in particular when such information is used in conjunction with data from field surveys Ecological Indicators 36 (2014) 169-177

O call for parte parte da constatação da existência de um viés ideológico que faz parte de " part of an agenda to strengthen individual property rights" o que debita a "a limited understanding of Hardin's "the tragedy of the commons.", já que não consideram que " Hardin later attempted to clarify the meaning of the essay- that tragedy occurred in the unregulated commons." E, com esta orientação inspira-se nas investigações de Elinor Ostrom para mostrar " [...] how commons can be effectively managed, and how alternate ways to manage the commons can lead to different outcomes with respect to inequality." É a partir deste background que convoca uma ampliação e aprofundamento do debate, incentivando por meio desta "call for papers" "a broad heterodox inquiry into the world of the common." Os tópicos sugeridos são instigantes, principalmente para pesquisadores com Hugo Ballesteros que, na sua busca de compreender o "furtivismo", depara-se a todo momento com a questão da legitimidade cultural de uma atividade ilegal: i) How is it to be understood; ii) how do people engaged in common endeavors interact and manage themselves; iii) how do gender, race, and other divisions intertwine with the commons; iv) how do we protect and enlarge what we hold in common? v) Who benefits from the existence of different aspects of the commons, and vi) who might be harmed by them?"

Fisheries collapse can be prevented by expanding the reach of accords among artisanal fishermenand exclusive marine reserves to include a system of environmental services payments and self-monitoring for avoided overfishing, especially in critical reproductive periods. The case of theArraial do Cabo Marine Extractive Reserve in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is explored, identifying theinstitutional features of an appropriate set of contracts in this direction. Extending the concept of environmental service payments (PES) to fisheries is a logical approach in Brazil, where thefederal government already makes regular compensatory payments to fishermen during the "defeso" period of highest reproductive activity. Unfortuna tely, this system is fraught with free-ridership since there is little effective monitoring and in many fishing areas, limited collectiveresource management restraint. PES for the Arraial do Cabo RESEX goes beyond a strictly fishingorientation to include the closely linked marine tourism sector. In studies to gauge the importanceto fishermen, local residents and tourists of the marine reserve and its environmental attributes,tourists were found more likely to express willingness to contribute toward the RESEX‟ protection, at a higher per visit amount than were either fishermen or their neighbors. Payments bytourists would complement funds obtained from compensation and royalties from conflictingactivities such as port operations and petroleum exploration, together with value-added taxrevenues (ICMS-Ecológico) to finance the structuring of the RESEX management capacity toeffectively monitor and control overfishing and external incursions

Artisanal fisheries are of great importance in Brazil, as they are responsible for more than 50% of national fish production. This importance, associated with the necessity of conserving marine environments threatened by multiple competing uses, leads us to propose mechanisms for co-management of fisheries by users and public authorities. This proposal takes into account: a) local conflicts between artisanal and industrial fishers; b) local rules overthe use of fishing areas established by artisanal fishers; c) the advent of protectedareas that close ac-cess to some fishing areas used by artisanal fisheries; and d) co-management options being explored betweengovernment and fishers. This study suggests policy and technical alternatives under consideration to managethe artisanal fisheries of southeastern Brazil with a focus on Ilha Grande bay in Rio de Janeiro. In our casestudy, based on field research conducted in 2009, we show that artisanal fishers are squeezed into a marinespace between protected areas and industrial fishing. We suggest that a combination of fishing agreements(FAs),based on experience in Amazonian fisheries and extractive reserves,and payment for environmental ser-vices(PES),based onforest and related ate rresource experience,could improve management and livelihoods for local artisanal fisheries by stimulatin gandre warding fsher swho participate in conservation efforts.The two instruments (FAs and PES) are the subject of considerable research and practical experience.Their integration in an instrument mix represents a contribution from transdisciplinary fields of human ecology and ecological economics.

" 1 Introduction THE QUESTION OF 'philosophical foundations' of environmental thinking in law may strike the lawyer, as much as the legal philosopher, asa strange one. For while a search for the philosophical commitments of envi-ronmental thinking undoubtedly makes sense in the context of ethics, or political theory, environmental law (it might be felt) lacks any such philosophicalunderpinning: in the eyes of many professional lawyers, environmental regula-tion manifests itself almost exclusively through an array of statutory provisions,severally concerned with curbing certain negative consequences arising fromparticular spheres of human action. Although these various measures have thecommon purpose of achieving a reduction in the erosion of our quality of life,there is not (on this view) to be found any deeper rationale or overarchingprinciple beyond this purely instrumental concern with human wellbeing. Legalregulation of the environment is, therefore, largely a set of facts to be learnedabout the way the law deals with environmental issues. Particular statutoryprovisions and judicial decisions will, of course, raise some quite interestingquestions of interpretation or application, but such questions, it is felt, areresolved within the ordinary standards and criteria which influence legal argu-ment, and do not require deeper philosophical explication.Much of the intuitive appeal of this view derives from a related, though some-times implicit, claim about the nature of environmental law. Environmentallaw, it is sometimes said, is not in the strictest sense a distinctive area of the lawat all, but merely a convenient umbrella term for the collection of particularlegal provisions which are relevant to environmental protection. There may bemany reasons why it is useful and informative to group a set of legal provisionsin a certain way, but (we might say) the underlying motivation for so doing willalways be pedagogic rather than reflective of some penetrati