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"A solar eclipse can be alarming for animals and birds - and also for countries that rely on renewable energy, like Germany."

"Water is fundamental to human life and survival-our most fundamental instinct. Because of the forecasted challenges around sourcing adequate quantities of quality water, some feel future wars will be fought over water and not oil. Other challenges are related to the increasing population concentrations and climate-related weather events. This article considers water-related challenges arising out of urbanization and looks at how policies and technology can help make transition to more sustainable use of water work. "

Dwarfed by any of the north African nations, it represents an area slightly smaller than Wales but scientists claimed yesterday it could one day generate enough solar energy to supply all of Europe with clean electricity. Speaking at the Euroscience Open Forum in Barcelona, Arnulf Jaeger-Walden of the European commission's Institute for Energy, said it would require the capture of just 0.3% The scientists are calling for the creation of a series of huge solar farms - producing electricity either through photovoltaic cells, or by concentrating the sun's heat to boil water and drive turbines - as part of a plan to share Europe's renewable energy resources across the continent. A new supergrid, transmitting electricity along high voltage direct current cables would allow countries such as the UK and Denmark ultimately to export wind energy at times of surplus supply, as well as import from other green sources such as geothermal power in Iceland. Energy losses on DC lines are far lower than on the traditional AC ones, which make transmission of energy over long distances uneconomic. The grid proposal, which has won political support from both Nicholas Sarkozy and Gordon Brown, answers the perennial criticism that renewable power will never be economic because the weather is not sufficiently predictable. Its supporters argue that even if the wind is not blowing hard enough in the North Sea, it will be blowing somewhere else in Europe, or the sun will be shining on a solar farm somewhere.

Chinese copper tube demand is robust in Q3, primarily due to 'unexpectedly good' sales on air-conditioners and many distributors are running out of stock, according to local manufacturers. There are two main reasons for the high demand. Firstly the weather is hotter than usual this year with temperatures rising to 38 degree Celsius in many parts of China. Secondly, the demand for air-conditioners is being boosted by the government's home appliance subsidy scheme as well as local retailers' discounts on air-conditioner sales. This is going to have a positive effect on copper consumption as copper tube used in air-conditioners is mainly refined copper.

Japanese output of copper and copper alloy fabricated products increased by 5.4% to 73,680 tonnes in November, slightly down from 74,079 tonnes in October, according to the Japan Copper and Brass Association. This figure includes sheets and tubes, mainly used in automobiles and construction. Demand for copper products was supported by both local consumption and overseas shipments. This year's hot weather has boosted demand from the air-conditioner sector, where manufacturers have been building up inventories after robust sales in the summer.

"By removing the overhead lines and placing them underground the power company is also providing the local area with a more reliable and efficient supply of electricity as the new cables will not be susceptible to bad weather and strong winds."

"Cheaper than copper even though aluminium conductors are bigger in diameter. Lighter, even though bigger in diameter. More resistant to corrosive effects of weather than copper."

Kazakhmys reported H1 profits of US$610.5m, a 23.8% decrease on the same period in 2007, resulting from higher labour costs and a 9% fall in cathode output, to 174,300t, following harsh weather conditions in Q1. The group stated that, "copper output in 2008 will at least equal production from last year," implying a strong second half. The inclusion of profits from Kazakhmys' 25% stake in ENRC should also bolster H2 results. Kazakhmys intends to pursue synergy talks with ENRC, who operate predominantly in ferrochrome, iron and aluminium, despite a frosty reception so far, as ENRC reiterated that it would not offer Kazakhmys a seat on the board as they were, "both competing for deposits in the same region."

The Japan Copper & Brass Association reported Japanese copper rolled product import fell by 2.5% y-o-y to 50,057t in the fiscal year ending March 2008. While volume of import was still high, it has fallen y-o-y the first time since the fiscal year ending March 2002. Copper tube import decreased by 19% y-o-y to 10,661t, partly due to the slowdown of new housing starts after the Japanese imposed new building standard law. Biggest importers to Japan are reported to be South Korea, China, Germany, Taiwan and North America.

According to the Japan Copper and Brass Association, total production of copper and copper alloy semis fell by 4.1% y-o-y to 72,770t in July. Output also contracted by 0.5% m-o-m in July, a second consecutive monthly decline. The fall is attributed in large part to the struggling automotive sector, which has been strongly impacted by the 11th March disaster.

Production for domestic shipments contracted by 6.6% y-o-y to reach 51,112t, whilst output for export markets fell more rapidly in January, reaching 8,898t after a 23.1% y-o-y decline (this however, was narrower than the December drop in exports of 30.7% y-o-y). Copper strip still represented the most heavily produced brass mill semi-fabricated product (27.7% of overall production in gross weight) but output decreased by 11.3% y-o-y, amounting to 16,600t in January. This was principally attributed to weak interconnector demand, the impact of the flooding in Thailand and the highly appreciated yen affecting the export market. Copper tube output decreased by 14.5% y-o-y to 9,750t in January, on weak demand from air conditioner manufacturers caused by bad weather and a slow world economy. Brass bar production fell by 7.7% y-o-y but rose by 900t since December to reach 14,206t in January. The change was attributed to improving demand from the domestic automotive and plumbing sectors.

worsening weather pushing up the price of oil!