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Colin Bennett

Heat Roadmap Europe 2050 - 0 views

www.euroheat.org/Heat-Roadmap-Europe-165.aspx

trends copper Europe heating renewables

shared by Colin Bennett on 13 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • In this pre-study, ambitious but realistic growth rates are assessed for district heating in the EU27 until 2050. The methodology is a combination of hour-by-hour energy modelling of the EU27 energy system and mapping of local conditions. The study finds that deliveries from district heating in the EU can grow by a factor of 2.1 until 2030 and by a factor of 3.3 until 2050.
Colin Bennett

The BRICs and beyond: prospects, challenges and opportunities - 0 views

www.pwc.com/...lenges-and-opportunities.jhtml

trends Copper economics

shared by Colin Bennett on 31 Jan 13 - No Cached
  • The report concludes that the emerging economies are set to grow much faster than the G7 over the next four decades. Figures for average growth in GDP in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms (which adjusts for price level differences across countries) show Nigeria leading the way over the period from 2012 to 2050, followed by Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Saudi Arabia and South Africa. John Hawksworth, PwC Chief Economist and co-author of the report, explains: "The global financial crisis has hit the G7 much harder than the E7 in the short term. And it has also caused downward revisions in the estimates of longer term trend growth in the G7 – particularly those economies in Europe and the US that had previously relied on excessive public and private borrowing to drive growth.” This means that, in PPP terms: The E7 could overtake the G7 before 2020 By 2050 China, the US and India could be by far the largest economies – with a big gap to Brazil in fourth place, ahead of Japan And by the same time, Russia, Mexico and Indonesia could be bigger than Germany or the UK; Turkey could overtake Italy; and Nigeria could rise up the league table, as could Vietnam and South Africa in the longer term. Beyond the largest economies, Malaysia has considerable long-term growth potential, while Poland could continue to outpace its Western European neighbours for some decades to come.
Glycon Garcia

UK - Winds of change blow across the global market - 0 views

www.ft.com/...3c-11dd-9009-0000779fd2ac.html

wind

shared by Glycon Garcia on 08 Jul 08 - Cached
  • Wind power is the most mature of mainstream renewable energy technologies and, if the world's electricity generation is to be made cleaner, it must play a large part.The International Energy Agency estimates that, if global greenhouse gas emissions are to be halved by 2050, as scientists say is necessary, then wind must represent about 17 per cent of worldwide power generation by that date.
  • Glycon Garcia on 08 Jul 08
     
    Wind power is the most mature of mainstream renewable energy technologies and, if the world's electricity generation is to be made cleaner, it must play a large part.\n\nThe International Energy Agency estimates that, if global greenhouse gas emissions are to be halved by 2050, as scientists say is necessary, then wind must represent about 17 per cent of worldwide power generation by that date.
Colin Bennett

Turbomachine roadmap to 2020 - 0 views

nextbigfuture.com/...bomachine-roadmap-to-2020.html

trends copper emissions transmission

shared by Colin Bennett on 22 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Colin Bennett on 22 Jun 15
     
    "The IEA estimates that of all efforts required to deliver a 50% reduction in global emissions by 2050 24% will need to come from end use fuel efficiency, 12% has to come from end use electricity efficiency and a further 7% will need to come from power generation efficiency. There is substantial potential for improving thermal efficiency of Europe's power plants. Our coal plants operate at an average 38% (BAT - Best Available Technology - on new coal plants delivers 46%). Our gas plants operate at an average of 52% efficiency (BAT- Best Available Technology - on new gas plants delivers more than 60%). Due to the age of the installed base, the average efficiency of Chinese coal plants is now higher than in Europe."
Wade Ren

Demographic projections and trade implications - 0 views

piaohaoreport.sampasite.com/...aphic-projections-and-trad.htm

trend

shared by Wade Ren on 22 May 08 - Cached
  •   To summarize the raw numbers, China’s population is expected to grow from 1.32 billion today to 1.46 billion in 2030, after which it will decline slowly, to around 1.42 billion in 2050.  Its working population is currently around 840 million.  This component of the population will rise in the next ten years to around 910 million and then will decline quite rapidly to around 790 million by 2050.
  • The graph below shows the composition of China’s population by age group.  Needless to say the most dramatic change is the explosive growth of the over-65 population, followed by the decline in the share of the young.  Another way of understanding this is to note that China’s median age basically climbs over this period from 24 to 45 (which, by the way, may have favorable consequence for long-term political stability).
  • I don’t have the figures yet from before 1990, but looking at other sources I would guess that China’s working population grew by about 2% or more annually during the 1970s and 1980s.  In the 1990s, as the table indicates, the growth rate of the working population slowed to 1.72%, declining further in the current decade to around 1.42% on average.  The number of working Chinese keeps growing until around the middle of the next decade, and then begins to decline by about half a percent a year.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • All this has important implications both for nominal growth rates and per capita growth rates in the next few decades.  For one thing, a country’s GDP growth rate can be expressed as a factor of the growth rate of its working population and the growth rate of average productivity per worker.  As the growth rate of the working population swings from positive to negative – by a little more than 2%, depending on what periods you compare – this will have a commensurate impact on Chinese GDP growth rates, i.e. all other things being equal (which of course they are not).  China’s equilibrium growth rate should be about 2% lower than the equilibrium growth rate of the past two or three decades.
  •  This implies that over the last three decades China has had a demographic bias towards trade surpluses (working population, a proxy for production, grew faster than total population, a proxy for consumption), but over the next three decades it is likely to have a demographic bias towards trade deficits.  
  • Three years ago I argued in a Wall Street Journal OpEd piece that because of the aging and declining populations of Europe and Japan (and to a lesser extent China and Russia), compared to the growing population and relatively stable age distribution in the US, it was not unreasonable for the former countries to run large current account surpluses with the US since they would need the accumulated claims against the US to pay for the current account deficits they would need to run to manage their demographic adjustments.  This is why I have never been terribly worried about the sustainability of the US trade deficit.  In the next decade it is likely that demographic changes will create pressures to reverse those US trade deficits.
Glycon Garcia

Slums may triple as economic woes hobble U.N. efforts | International | Reuters - 0 views

www.reuters.com/...idUSTRE52T5RI20090330

slum Africa

shared by Glycon Garcia on 30 Mar 09 - Cached
  • Glycon Garcia on 30 Mar 09
     
    NAIROBI (Reuters) - The global economic crisis is jeopardizing efforts to help the world's growing number of slum dwellers, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Monday. The U.N. housing agency UN-Habitat, which is hosting a major meeting this week in the Kenyan capital, says the number of slum dwellers in the world could triple to 3 billion by 2050 if left unchecked.
Colin Bennett

2050 and the Future of Infrastructure - 0 views

www.wfs.org/...2050-and-future-infrastructure

trends copper automotive infrastructure

shared by Colin Bennett on 05 Aug 14 - No Cached
  • Here are ten examples of how our core infrastructure are about to change and what this will mean to the nations and businesses at the heart of this revolution.
Colin Bennett

Unleashing the power of Vehicle-to-Grid technology. Can we? Will we? - 1 views

www.automotive-iq.com/...grid-technology-can-we-will-we

trends copper infrastructure automotive charging electric vehicle

shared by Colin Bennett on 09 Mar 17 - No Cached
  • Colin Bennett on 09 Mar 17
     
    "In the first of a series of exclusive articles, James Gordon explores the latest developments in V2G systems and asks if the technology has the power to reshape global electricity distribution networks.…. It is the world's largest consumer of energy(1), and with over half of China's 1.3 billion population choosing to live in its sprawling and gridlocked super-cities, the demand for power has never been greater. But ensuring that the 680 million who live in China's megalopolises receive a steady stream of electricity is no easy task. However, while the solution - to install a network of long distance super-grids - has proved to be effective, it has come at great cost. This highly innovative smart grid infrastructure that the State Grid Corporation of China, has been specially designed to transmit ultra-high-voltage-direct-current (UHVDC) at over 600,000 volts to China's main population centres from rural areas rich in energy(2). America, India, Germany and Brazil are also incorporating UHDVC lines into their grids, but Britain, whose population is expected to grow from 64,875,165 (2015) to 77,568,588 by 2050(3), is only in the early stages of exploring the potential of the technology according to the Energy Networks Association. And while the UK's Utility giants may yet decide to invest billions of pounds in these high-tech super grids, a fully functioning next-generation Battery Electric Vehicle to Grid (V2G) charging system, located in Birmingham, the UK's second city, may mean they never need to. But how could this potentially game-changing technology, which has been installed at Aston University's European Bioenergy Research Institute (EBRI), one day save the National Grid and the tax-payer billions of pounds?"
Hans De Keulenaer

Review of critical metal dynamics to 2050 for 48 elements - ScienceDirect - 3 views

www.sciencedirect.com/...S0921344919305750

availability criticality meta-review science

shared by Hans De Keulenaer on 08 Jan 20 - No Cached
  • There are also many studies on copper in the case of nuclear, geothermal and biomass power plants.
  • Assessing environmental implications associated with global copper demand and supply scenarios from 2010 to 2050
  • How will copper contamination constrain future global steel recycling?
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Elshkaki and Graedel (2015) further estimated future demand for tellurium, selenium, indium, and germanium for the deployment of solar PV, highlighting the possibility of an oversupply of copper and zinc if these host metals are mined according to by-product demand.
  • Global distribution of used and unused extracted materials induced by consumption of Iron, copper, and nickel
  • Estimating global copper demand until 2100 with regression and stock dynamics
Colin Bennett

40 years of Shell Global Scenarios - Food-Water-Energy - 0 views

www.shell.com/...40_years

trends Copper energy future

shared by Colin Bennett on 28 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • The number of people on our planet is rising. By 2050 we will be 9 billion, and 75% of us will live in cities. Our demands will place increased pressure on supplies of energy, water and food. The relationship between these resources seems simple: water is needed to produce most forms of energy; energy is required to treat and transport water, and food production relies on water and energy. It is, however, more complex. Shell is using scenarios to help explore the future dynamics of these vital resources.
Colin Bennett

Residential Energy Efficiency Market may Reach Nearly $84 Billion per Year by 2020 - 0 views

www.pikeresearch.com/...ly-84-billion-per-year-by-2020

trends Copper building construction energy efficiency

shared by Colin Bennett on 03 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Globally, more than half of the energy consumption in buildings – which is expected to rise from 31,983 terawatt-hours (TWh) to 51,253 TWh by 2050, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) – comes from residential buildings.  According to a recent report from Pike Research, a part of Navigant’s Energy Practice, the energy efficient housing sector will expand rapidly over the remainder of the decade, growing from an annual market value of $14 billion in 2012 to almost $84 billion in 2020.
Colin Bennett

Urban sustainability - The Crystal - A Sustainable Cities Initiative by Siemens - 0 views

www.thecrystal.org/_html

trends Copper sustainable cities Siemens

shared by Colin Bennett on 19 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • Urban sustainability is among the most critically important global issues of the 21st century. Over half the world’s population live in urban areas - from small cities like York, to megacities like New York - and by 2050 that proportion will rise to 70% of all humanity.
Colin Bennett

Peak copper - 0 views

www.mining.com/peak-copper

trends copper long term availability

shared by Colin Bennett on 09 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Increase the amount of recoverable copper by 50% and the model still shows 2045 as the peak; double it and the year is 2050. Even with a very aggressive quadrupling of the amount of available copper in the model and the world will still run short by around 2075
Colin Bennett

Improving Productivity and Environmental Performance of Aquaculture - 0 views

www.wri.org/...improving-aquaculture

trends copper aquaculture

shared by Colin Bennett on 10 Jun 14 - No Cached
  • Installment 5 of Creating a Sustainable Food Future explores the potential role of aquaculture in meeting global fish demand in 2050, finding that aquaculture production will need to more than double by midcentury.
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