signals from Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition molecules critical for
detecting pathogens, amplified through signaling intermediates such as MyD88 activate the inhibitor of κB-kinase-β (IKKβ)/nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk) and other intracellular inflammatory signals in response to stimulation by
circulating saturated fatty acids