Mistletoe Lectin 1 induced tumor regression in mouse xenograft study. Of note in this study, there was an increase in intratumoral dendrites found. In this xenograft study, it is suggested that mistletoe via Lectins 1 induced increased innate immunity in the local tumor microenvironment.
CPA administered on an intermittent, every 6-day metronomic schedule stimulates tumor recruitment of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells with regression of large established tumors, as seen in several implanted glioma models; also of note, VEGF inhibition inhibited this effect.
IL-2 is a 15.5-kDa cytokine secreted predominately by Ag-simulated CD4+ T cells, but it can also be produced by CD8+ cells, NK cells, and activated dendritic cells
IL-2 is the predominant factor responsible for the maintenance of CD4+ regulatory T cells
A generalized capillary leak syndrome was induced by IL-2 in vivo that resulted in interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and substantial weight gain in patients
The side effects were transient and returned to baseline following treatment
Tumors do not express IL-2 receptors and thus the antitumor activity was the result of IL-2 stimulation of immune cell
Patients with metastatic melanoma or metastatic renal cell cancer were uniquely responsive to high-dose IL-2 administration, and except for patients with advanced non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (35) only rare responses were seen in patients with other tumor types
The underlying toxicity of IL-2 results from a capillary leak that leads to fluid extravasation into visceral organs that can compromise their function
Great review of the history of IL-2 in the treatment of cancer. IL-2 stimulates the immune system to attack cancer. Don't reinvent the wheel; use what is already present and available.
Awesome review article on TA-1 and its broad immunomodulatory effects, i.e. increase IL-1, IFN-gamma, increase dendritic cell activity, inhibition of tumor growth…