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Rafael Chen

Biotechdaily - First Microbes Found to Break Down PCBs - 0 views

www.biotechdaily.com/..._found_to_break_down_pcbs.html

shared by Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • PCBs can buildup in fish and marine mammals, reaching thousands of times higher levels than found in the water they live in
  • using a rapid, DNA screening method, researchers have discovered a bacterium capable of degrading PCBs
  • this will lead to the complete dechlorination of persistant molecules
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • important for bioremediation efforts and for developing molecular probes to monitor PCB degrading
  • Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12
     
    Using DNA screening method, researchers have discovered a bacterium capable of degrading PCBs
Sea Maskulrath

Shocking pictures show group of 14-year-old schoolboys puffing on shisha pipes in bar |... - 0 views

www.dailymail.co.uk/...-puffing-shisha-pipes-bar.html

DNA disease human

shared by Sea Maskulrath on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • A video of a group of 14-year-olds smoking shisha pipes in a bar has emerged online, horrifying parents and anti-smoking campaigners.
  • They want to warn shisha enthusiasts it isn't a safe alternative to cigarettes - smoking a pipe for an hour is the the equivalent of puffing away on 100 cigarettes.
  • ‘Smoke from tobacco contains a number of carcinogens which damage the DNA in cells,’
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • ‘Just one damaged cell can divide and multiply uncontrollably and quite quickly develop into a large tumour. This is what causes lung cancer,
  • around from person to person, this raises the risk of transmitting diseases such as tuberculosi
  • As the mouthpiece is passe
  • nd hepatitis.
  • Sea Maskulrath on 15 Apr 12
     
    WOW, I guess we know we had to stop shisha right? unbelievable 
orasa sukmark

Genetic adaptation of fat metabolism key to development of human brain - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120412133056.htm

adaptation fat metabolism key development human brain

shared by orasa sukmark on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • orasa sukmark on 15 Apr 12
     
    Genetic adaptation for high production of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids is found only in humans can show genetic adaptation of human fat metabolism.
nidthamsirisup

Mysterious Noncoding DNA: 'Junk' or Genetic Power Player? | PBS NewsHour - 0 views

www.pbs.org/...junk-dna.html

noncoding DNA gene

shared by nidthamsirisup on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Genes represent only a tiny fraction -- 1 percent -- of our overall genetic material. Then there's the other 99 percent of our DNA -- the stuff that doesn't make protein
  • Researchers have found that some of this noncoding DNA is in fact essential to how our genes function and plays a role in how we look, how we act and the diseases that afflict us.
  • Embedded in this 99 percent is DNA responsible for the mechanics of gene behavior: regulatory DNA. Greg Wray of Duke University's Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy describes the regulatory DNA as the software for our genes, a set of instructions that tells the genome how to use the traditional coding genes.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • "It's like a recipe book," Wray said. "It tells you how to make the meal. You need to know the amounts. You need to know the order. The noncoding DNA tells you how much to make, when to make it and under what circumstances."
  • common diseases are probably more influenced by regulatory differences, Harismendy said. These include Type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, Alzheimer's Disease and a variety of cancers, including breast, colon, ovarian, prostate and lung.
  • According to Wray, research has shown that diseases like bipolar syndrome and clinical depression may be associated with noncoding mutations that determine whether the brain is producing too much or not enough of a particular neurotransmitter. One noncoding mutation gives a person almost complete protection against the nasty malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax.
  • Another piece of noncoding DNA regulates the enzyme responsible for lactose tolerance, the ability to digest milk. Research by Wray and other scientists has shown that in four populations where dairy consumption is a vital part of the diet, new mutations have appeared that essentially keep the gene that produces the lactase enzyme from switching off.
  • And recent research done by evolutionary biologists suggests that differences in regulatory DNA may represent a major part of what separates us from chimpanzees.
Oranicha Jumreornvong

EBSCOhost: The orchid children - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

shared by Oranicha Jumreornvong on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Oranicha Jumreornvong on 15 Apr 12
     
    Features Are you an orchid or a dandelion? Are you a sensitive flower or a hardier type? It may all be down to an intriguing set of genes, as David Dobbs finds out WHY are some children better at sharing than others? One attempt to find out uses what you could call the "Bamba test".
chanon chiarnpattanodom

Chimeric green fluorescent protein-aequorin as bioluminescent Ca2+ reporters at the sin... - 1 views

www.pnas.org/...7260.full

shared by chanon chiarnpattanodom on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
    • chanon chiarnpattanodom
      chanon chiarnpattanodom on 16 Apr 12
       
      Experiment on Ca2+ reaction with a protein aequorin. Aequorin can be found in jellyfish, when in contact with Ca2+ will emit light. Using the gene that contributes to this protein, make a similar protein emitting another wavelength of light.
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Gene switches do more than flip 'on' or 'off': Can exhibit much more complex binding be... - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120411131911.htm

genes switch on off more complex

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • right genes for the job are turned on only in the specific cells where they are needed
  • molecular "clutch" that converts treadmilling to a stable bound state, moving the transcription process forward to completion to turn the gene on
  • act like a switch; they are either "on" (bound to DNA) or "off" (not bound)
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • can exhibit much more complex binding behavior
  • transcription factors' binding process is dynamic and involves more than just being bound or unbound
  • In addition to a stable binding state (on or off)
  • "treadmilling," where no forward transcription process is occurring
  • indicator of whether a gene was turned on or off
  • measure and calculate how long a protein is associated with all of the different genes it regulates
  • proteins that bind in the stable state are associated with high levels of gene transcription
  • if we can regulate the transition between treadmilling and stable binding, we can regulate the outcome in terms of gene expression
  • genetic medicine -- a new way to regulate the 'switches' that turn gene expression associated with disease on or off.
  • measured how long it took the competitor transcription factor to replace the resident protein and used this data to calculate the residence time at each location in the genome
  • specific proteins called "transcription factors" that control which genes are turned on or off in cells by binding to nearby DNA
  • new insights on how cells respond to developmental cues and how they adapt to changing environmental conditions
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    Genes have been discovered to be more complex than we previously thought--rather than having only on and off states, there is an intermediate state called "treadmilling".
Kaoko Miyazaki

Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs: New Links in Cancer Progression - 1 views

cancerres.aacrjournals.org/...3.full

research gene epigenetics RNA

shared by Kaoko Miyazaki on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kaoko Miyazaki on 16 Apr 12
     
    The newly discovered and currently being researched lincRNAs are seen to be one of the causes of cancer. The function of lincRNAs to control gene expression by regulating the number of histones according to specific chromatin, may cause cancer when done wrong or are altered in some way. The epigenetic alterations that occur when this function is done wrong may lead to the disease and the inheritance of it. Which could be hypothesized as to why people with a history of cancer (and other diseases) within their families have higher likelihood to being diagnosed with the disease. But because lincRNA is a very recent discovery and only less than 1% of it has has been characterized in the human body, evidence of this is still being researched, tested and studied.
orasa sukmark

Making a Friendlier Mosquito - Biology Online - 1 views

www.biology-online.org/...aking_friendlier_mosquito.html

making mosquito biology Genes

shared by orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy.
  • nsmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan face
  • Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • enetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy
  • releasing into the wild mosquitoes genetically engineered to resist malaria
  • If the resistant mosquitoes breed and spread their genes through the population, malaria transmission should be shut down.
  • the malaria resistance genes available are not very effective
  • , there's no way to reliably push the genes through the population.
  • Transposons are essentially DNA parasites that snip themselves in or out of the genome under the right circumstances. Scientists can add a new gene into a transposon and use it to carry that DNA into the insect genome. But it's in the interest of that transposon to just get rid of the extra DNA,
  • a transposon that gives an advantage to mosquitoes that already carry genes to block malaria, so that those genes spread through the population by natural selection.
  • orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12
     
    scientists have found a way to reduce mosquitoes that can transmit malaria. 
orasa sukmark

Cloned Meat & Milk Coming - 1 views

www.i-sis.org.uk/loned_Meat_and_Milk_Coming.php

meat milk coming Genes

shared by orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Milk and meat from ‘cloned’ animals’ offspring could soon be on sale without any labels
  • The UK government has no objection to selling meat and milk from clones.
  • There are currently just over 100 offspring of cloned animals on British farms, but this will rise dramatically if the EC gets its way.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • According to BEUC, an overwhelming majority of EU consumers do not want cloning to be used for food production purposes. Some 84 per cent are concerned about the long-term health and safety impacts.
  • orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12
     
    Cloned Meat and milk will be sold soon.
orasa sukmark

Shot of Young Stem Cells Makes Rapidly Aging Mice Live Much Longer and Healthier - Gate... - 1 views

www.gate2biotech.com/-2130

shot stem cells aging much mice longer gate biotech com DNA genetics disease gene RNA brain human epigenetics research Genes

shared by orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • animals that got the stem/progenitor cells improved their health and lived two to three times longer than expected,
  • "Our experiments showed that mice that have progeria, a disorder of premature aging, were healthier and lived longer after an injection of stem cells from young, healthy animals," Dr. Niedernhofer said. "That tells us that stem cell dysfunction is a cause of the changes we see with aging."
  • "Typically the progeria mice die at around 21 to 28 days of age, but the treated animals lived far longer -- some even lived beyond 66 days. They also were in better general health."
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • we injected stem/progenitor cells from young, healthy mice into the abdomens of 17-day-old progeria mice,
  • As the progeria mice age, they lose muscle mass in their hind limbs, hunch over, tremble, and move slowly and awkwardly. Affected mice that got a shot of stem cells just before showing the first signs of aging were more like normal mice, and they grew almost as large.
  • orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12
     
    the experiment from the University of Pittsburgh shows that the mice can be stronger live longer after they were injected with stem cells from young healthy animals.
Sea Maskulrath

Changes in gene expression causes high BP in pregnancy - 1 views

zeenews.india.com/...igh-bp-in-pregnancy_16515.html

epigenetics DNA human

shared by Sea Maskulrath on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Washington: Researchers have discovered that changes in the gene expression of a key enzyme may contribute to high blood pressure and increase susceptibility to forming blood clots in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
  • Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are mediated through mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence.
  • The VCU team reported that thromboxane synthase – an important inflammatory enzyme – is increased in the blood vessels of expectant mothers with preeclampsia.The thromboxane synthase gene codes for this enzyme, which is involved in several processes including cardiovascular disease and stroke. This enzyme results in the synthesis of thromboxane, which increases blood pressure and causes blood clots.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • According to Walsh, one of the main epigenetic mechanisms is methylation of the DNA, which controls the expression of genes. The increase of
  • his enzyme in the blood vessels is related to reduced DNA methylation and the infiltration of neu
  • enzyme
  • trophils
  • trophils into the blood vessels. Neutrophils are white blood cells that normally help fight infection.
chanon chiarnpattanodom

Cancer epigenetics takes center stage - 1 views

www.pnas.org/...392.full

shared by chanon chiarnpattanodom on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
    • chanon chiarnpattanodom
      chanon chiarnpattanodom on 16 Apr 12
       
      DNA methylation is a chemical process where a methyl group is added on either the cytosine ring or the adenine ring, used in "higher leveled" organisms. Important in cell differentiation since methylation will cause cells to "remember" and remain differenciated instead of expressing other genes. 
  • Epigenetics is defined as modifications of the genome, heritable during cell division, that do not involve a change in the DNA sequence.
  • Epigenetic alterations in cancer include global hypomethylation
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • the promoters of housekeeping genes that are generally protected from methylation.
  • may lead to aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor genes
  • discovered loss of imprinting (LOI) in cancer
  • Genomic imprinting, the subject of the report by Nakagawa et al. (2), is an epigenetic modification of a specific parental allele of a gene, or the chromosome on which it resides, in the gamete or zygote, leading to differential expression of the two alleles of the gene in somatic cells of the offspring.
  • we found that LOI can occur in the normal colonic mucosa of colorectal cancer patients with LOI in their tumors
  • This LOI was linked to cases showing microsatellite instability (MSI) in the tumors
  • However, these patients do not have mutations in mismatch repair genes
  • One potential cause of MSI in these sporadic cancers is hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing of the hMLH1 mismatch repair gene
  • Nakagawa et al. (2) now confirm the original study of Cui et al. that LOI occurs in both tumor and normal tissue of patients
  • The present study (2) also offers an intriguing mechanistic hypothesis to explain the relationship between H19 DMR methylation and LOI in these patients
  • Nevertheless, the study calls attention to this remarkable highly conserved multifunctional protein,
  • The potential link to CTCF suggested by this study also calls our attention to the link among DNA methylation, epigenetics, and chromatin.
  • A clue to the link between MSI and epigenetics may be provided by another sometimes overlooked common thread in epigenetics, namely DNA replication
  • repeat-induced gene silencing is thought to be propagated through hemimethylated intermediates during DNA replication
  • The studies of Cui et al. (11), Nishihara et al. (20), and Nakagawa et al. (2) suggest a new and provocative view of the timing of epigenetic changes in cancer.
  • Studies of transgenic mice with constitutive biallelic expression of IGF2, comparable to LOI, show reduced apoptosis and increased tumor formation
  • I conclude by noting that the distinction between cancer genetics and epigenetics has blurred considerably in recent years
  • Many conventional “genetic” mechanisms directly affect proteins that regulate chromatin,
Nickyz P.

We Need More Research On Genetically Altered Salmon Says FDA Advisory Panel - 1 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...201862.php

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • A panel of experts that advises the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided on Monday more research was needed before it could vote on whether to recommend approval to allow genetically modified salmon to be bred for human consumption in the US.
  • To make the genetically modified Atlantic salmon, they take the growth gene from the Pacific chinook salmon and insert it into the DNA of newly fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs. However, this of itself is not enough to keep the salmon growing all year round: to keep the growth gene permanently "switched on", the AquaBounty scientists also add a small piece of DNA from another fish called the ocean pout.
Nickyz P.

GEN | Magazine Articles: Firm Focuses Operations on Gene Silencing - 0 views

www.genengnews.com/...4004

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • It is developing therapeutics to prove the validity of ddRNAi in treating cancer, infectious diseases, and disorders of the central nervous system.
  • The ddRNAi platform focuses on the long-term downregulation of genes, making it suitable for targeting chronic life-threatening diseases. “We are silencing genes instead of introducing new genes, which separates us from traditional gene therapy companies,” Dr. French asserts.
  • “This targeted treatment markedly enhanced the benefits of radiation therapy in both cellular and tumor models,” the researchers concluded. Other radiotherapy-resistant tumors may benefit from the shRNAs created for the prostate cancer study.
Nickyz P.

Impact Statements System | CAES Intranet | UGA - 0 views

www.caes.uga.edu/...index.cfm

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • The applied insect genetics laboratory in the Entomology Department at the University of Georgia has focused on invasive subterranean term
  • Thus we continue to track and monitor through genetics the Formosan termite movements into and around Georgia. The knowledge of how they are coming into the state as well as how they are moving about the state can be invaluable for managing this traffic.
Nickyz P.

It's Alive! Artificial Life Springs From Manmade DNA : Discovery News - 0 views

news.discovery.com/...synthetic-genome-life.html

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • "This is the first synthetic cell that's been made," said Venter. "We call it synthetic because the cell is totally derived from a synthetic chromosome, made with four bottles of chemicals on a chemical synthesizer, starting with information in a computer."
  • Venter and his colleagues created a special code, similar to Morse code, to "write" within the DNA itself. Instead of dots and dashes, they used the sequence of four DNA nucleotides, thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and adenine (A), as a code for any letter, number or punctuation mark. Using the code, the team included the names of the study co-authors, a website, and even several philosophical quotes, complete with punctuation.
Kantham Hongdusit

Gene transfer to human joints: Progress toward a gene therapy of arthritis - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...8698.full

shared by Kantham Hongdusit on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kantham Hongdusit on 16 Apr 12
     
    Rheumatoid Arthritis is an incurable disease that is often difficult to treat. The article describes how a transfer of cultured synovial fibroblasts can increase the amount of IL-1Ra receptor, which offers a therapeutic gene that can be used to obtain intra articular transgene expression.
Kantham Hongdusit

Inducible gene expression from the plastid genome by a synthetic riboswitch - 0 views

www.pnas.org/...6204.full

shared by Kantham Hongdusit on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kantham Hongdusit on 16 Apr 12
     
    Riboswitches, natural RNA sensors that mediate the control of gene expression by beinding with metabolites, are engineered via a simulation to meet the requirements of translational regulation in organelles. These new riboswitches are able facilitate the expression of chloroplast genes
Oranicha Jumreornvong

EBSCOhost: Chicken revisits its dinosaur past - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

shared by Oranicha Jumreornvong on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Oranicha Jumreornvong on 15 Apr 12
     
    THIS WEEK If we can rewind evolution to create a "snouted" bird, we might also be able to fast-forward it ARHAT ABZHANOV cuts a square hole in the shell of a chicken egg, drops in a small gelatinous bead and watches the embryo develop.
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