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Sasicha Manupipatpong

New genes linked to brain size, intelligence - 2 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120415150123.htm

genes linked brain size intelligence

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • genes that increase your risk for a single disease that your children can inherit
  • factors that cause tissue atrophy and reduce brain size, which is a biological marker for hereditary disorders
  • schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • sample large enough to reveal clear patterns in genetic variation and show how these changes physically alter the brain
  • screened the genomes of people suffering from a specific brain disease and combed their DNA to uncover a common variant.
  • gene variants that deplete brain tissue beyond normal in a healthy person
  • unearth new genetic variants in people who have bigger brains as well as differences in regions critical to learning and memory
  • smaller brains
  • variations in their DNA that help boost or lower their brains’ susceptibility to a vast range of diseases
  • consistent relationship between subtle shifts in the genetic code and diminished memory centers
  • People also can take preventive steps through exercise, diet and mental stimulation to erase the effects of a bad gene
  • Once we identify the gene, we can target it with a drug to reduce the risk of disease
  • genes that explain individual differences in intelligence
  • People whose HMGA2 gene held a letter “C” instead of “T” on that location of the gene possessed larger brains and scored more highly on standardized IQ tests
  • gene called HMGA2 affected brain size as well as a person’s intelligence
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  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    Specific genes have been identified which affect brain size and intelligence--a difference of one nucleotide in the DNA sequence could determine how well you score on a standardized IQ test.
orasa sukmark

Making a Friendlier Mosquito - Biology Online - 1 views

www.biology-online.org/...aking_friendlier_mosquito.html

making mosquito biology Genes

shared by orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy.
  • nsmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan face
  • Genetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • enetically modified mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria are one hope for battling the disease that still kills over one million people a year. But that plan faces some serious snags, according to UC Davis researchers who are suggesting an alternative strategy
  • releasing into the wild mosquitoes genetically engineered to resist malaria
  • If the resistant mosquitoes breed and spread their genes through the population, malaria transmission should be shut down.
  • the malaria resistance genes available are not very effective
  • , there's no way to reliably push the genes through the population.
  • Transposons are essentially DNA parasites that snip themselves in or out of the genome under the right circumstances. Scientists can add a new gene into a transposon and use it to carry that DNA into the insect genome. But it's in the interest of that transposon to just get rid of the extra DNA,
  • a transposon that gives an advantage to mosquitoes that already carry genes to block malaria, so that those genes spread through the population by natural selection.
  • orasa sukmark on 16 Apr 12
     
    scientists have found a way to reduce mosquitoes that can transmit malaria. 
Paige Prescott

Synthetic DNA Created, Evolves on Its Own - 1 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...volution-genetics-life-science

synthetic dna

shared by Paige Prescott on 20 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Paige Prescott on 20 Apr 12
     
    a new nucleic acid to learn about- XNA!
Pop karnchanapimonkul

The Ballooning Brain: Defective Genes May Explain Uncontrolled Brain Growth in Autism: ... - 0 views

www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm

brain genes autism

shared by Pop karnchanapimonkul on 13 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • linked atypical gene activity to excessive growth in the autistic brain
  • autistic brain sprouts an excess of neurons and continues to balloon during the first five years of life, as all those extra neurons grow larger and form connections.
  • start to lose neural connections, faster than typical brains
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • 67 percent more neurons in their prefrontal cortex (PFC) than typical children
  • executive functions"—high-level thinking, such as planning ahead, inhibiting impulses and directing attention.
  • In brain tissue from both autistic children and autistic adults, genes coding for proteins that identify and repair mistakes in DNA were expressed at unusually low levels. Additionally, all autistic brains demonstrated unusual activity levels for genes that determine when neurons grow and die and how newborn neurons migrate during early development
  • Some genes involved in immune responses, cell-to-cell communication and tissue repair, however, were expressed at unusual levels in adult autistic brains, but not in autistic children's brains
  • autistic child develops in the womb, something—an inherited mutation or an environmental factor like a virus, toxin or hormone—muffles the expression of genes coding for proteins that usually fix mistakes in sequences of DNA
  • Errors accumulate.
  • The genetic systems controlling the growth of new neurons go haywire, and brain cells divide much more frequently than usual, accounting for the excess neurons found in the PFC of autistic children.
  • autistic brain grow physically larger and form more connections than in a typical child's brain.
  • immune system reacts against the brain's overzealous growth,
  • Not all researchers, however, accept
  • If scientists definitively link autism to a characteristic sequence of changes in gene expression and unusual neural growth, then it becomes possible to target and reverse any one of the thousands of steps in that sequence.
  • Pop karnchanapimonkul on 13 Apr 12
     
    Article about how genetic expression may be the cause for autism.
Kantham Hongdusit

Improved Understanding Of Cancer Progression - 0 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...244086.php

shared by Kantham Hongdusit on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kantham Hongdusit on 15 Apr 12
     
    Researchers in IMIM have discovered the function of the enzyme LOXL2, which is one of the factor causing cancer. The enzyme interacts with histone H3, and changes the DNA sequence around that histone, eliminating the lysine 4 amino acid group, which favors tumor development
Kantham Hongdusit

Niceness, Generosity May Have A Genetic Component - 0 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...244014.php

shared by Kantham Hongdusit on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kantham Hongdusit on 15 Apr 12
     
    Psychologists from the Buffalo University and University of California have conducted a survey to find out if DNA can affect how a person perceives the world. They conclude that there is a specific gene, which has not yet been identified, that controls the receptors of oxytocin and vasopressin, hormones that display "niceness".
Rafael Chen

Scientists develop tools to make more complex biological machines from yeast - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120319194313.htm

shared by Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • creating a new type of biological "wire," using proteins that interact with DNA and behave like wires in electronic circuitry
  • it can be re-engineered over and over again
  • fundamental DNA components, called "promoters," which are needed for re-programming yeast
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Future applications of this work could include tiny yeast-based machines that can be dropped into water supplies to detect contaminants, and yeast that records environmental conditions during the manufacture of biofuels to determine if improvements can be made to the production process.
  • help to improve things such as pollution monitoring and cleaner fuels
  • Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12
     
    Scientist uses yeast as the foundations in making more complex biological machines through genetic engineering.
Sea Maskulrath

Shocking pictures show group of 14-year-old schoolboys puffing on shisha pipes in bar |... - 0 views

www.dailymail.co.uk/...-puffing-shisha-pipes-bar.html

DNA disease human

shared by Sea Maskulrath on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • A video of a group of 14-year-olds smoking shisha pipes in a bar has emerged online, horrifying parents and anti-smoking campaigners.
  • They want to warn shisha enthusiasts it isn't a safe alternative to cigarettes - smoking a pipe for an hour is the the equivalent of puffing away on 100 cigarettes.
  • ‘Smoke from tobacco contains a number of carcinogens which damage the DNA in cells,’
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • ‘Just one damaged cell can divide and multiply uncontrollably and quite quickly develop into a large tumour. This is what causes lung cancer,
  • around from person to person, this raises the risk of transmitting diseases such as tuberculosi
  • As the mouthpiece is passe
  • nd hepatitis.
  • Sea Maskulrath on 15 Apr 12
     
    WOW, I guess we know we had to stop shisha right? unbelievable 
Rafael Chen

Biotechdaily - First Microbes Found to Break Down PCBs - 0 views

www.biotechdaily.com/..._found_to_break_down_pcbs.html

shared by Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • PCBs can buildup in fish and marine mammals, reaching thousands of times higher levels than found in the water they live in
  • using a rapid, DNA screening method, researchers have discovered a bacterium capable of degrading PCBs
  • this will lead to the complete dechlorination of persistant molecules
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • important for bioremediation efforts and for developing molecular probes to monitor PCB degrading
  • Rafael Chen on 15 Apr 12
     
    Using DNA screening method, researchers have discovered a bacterium capable of degrading PCBs
chanon chiarnpattanodom

HHMI Bulletin February 2012: The Twists and Turns of Immunity - 4 views

www.hhmi.org/...alt_antibody_assembly.html

Immune System DNA

shared by chanon chiarnpattanodom on 25 Mar 12 - No Cached
    • chanon chiarnpattanodom
      chanon chiarnpattanodom on 30 Mar 12
       
      Immune System-System the signals the creation of millions of antibodies that RECOGNIZE invading molecules
  • Paige Prescott on 25 Mar 12
     
    DNA folding and the immune system's production of antibodies
Sasicha Manupipatpong

DNA sequencing helps identify cancer cells for immune system attack - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120208152342.htm

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 30 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 30 Mar 12
     
    DNA sequences from tumor cells can be used to direct the immune system to attack cancer, according to scientists. The immune system relies on an intricate network of alarm bells, targets and safety brakes to determine when and what to attack.
Nickyz P.

Exercise Brings On DNA Changes - Science News - 2 views

www.sciencenews.org/...Exercise_brings_on_DNA_changes

shared by Nickyz P. on 30 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • These alterations turn on genes that regulate a cell’s energy.
  • Genes can be turned on or off  by a process known as methylation, in which a methyl group — consisting of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms — is added to DNA.
Nickyz P.

We Need More Research On Genetically Altered Salmon Says FDA Advisory Panel - 1 views

www.medicalnewstoday.com/...201862.php

shared by Nickyz P. on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • A panel of experts that advises the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided on Monday more research was needed before it could vote on whether to recommend approval to allow genetically modified salmon to be bred for human consumption in the US.
  • To make the genetically modified Atlantic salmon, they take the growth gene from the Pacific chinook salmon and insert it into the DNA of newly fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs. However, this of itself is not enough to keep the salmon growing all year round: to keep the growth gene permanently "switched on", the AquaBounty scientists also add a small piece of DNA from another fish called the ocean pout.
Sasicha Manupipatpong

Gene switches do more than flip 'on' or 'off': Can exhibit much more complex binding be... - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120411131911.htm

genes switch on off more complex

shared by Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • right genes for the job are turned on only in the specific cells where they are needed
  • molecular "clutch" that converts treadmilling to a stable bound state, moving the transcription process forward to completion to turn the gene on
  • act like a switch; they are either "on" (bound to DNA) or "off" (not bound)
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • can exhibit much more complex binding behavior
  • transcription factors' binding process is dynamic and involves more than just being bound or unbound
  • In addition to a stable binding state (on or off)
  • "treadmilling," where no forward transcription process is occurring
  • indicator of whether a gene was turned on or off
  • measure and calculate how long a protein is associated with all of the different genes it regulates
  • proteins that bind in the stable state are associated with high levels of gene transcription
  • if we can regulate the transition between treadmilling and stable binding, we can regulate the outcome in terms of gene expression
  • genetic medicine -- a new way to regulate the 'switches' that turn gene expression associated with disease on or off.
  • measured how long it took the competitor transcription factor to replace the resident protein and used this data to calculate the residence time at each location in the genome
  • specific proteins called "transcription factors" that control which genes are turned on or off in cells by binding to nearby DNA
  • new insights on how cells respond to developmental cues and how they adapt to changing environmental conditions
  • Sasicha Manupipatpong on 16 Apr 12
     
    Genes have been discovered to be more complex than we previously thought--rather than having only on and off states, there is an intermediate state called "treadmilling".
Kaoko Miyazaki

The Rinn Lab - 0 views

www.rinnlab.com/research.html

RNA

shared by Kaoko Miyazaki on 11 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Kaoko Miyazaki on 11 Apr 12
     
    John Rinn (RNA researcher at Harvard Medical School) continues on his ongoing research about Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA's (lincRNAs). lincRNAs used to be overlooked and classified as 'waste' products, but today it is seen as the contractors that create the DNA's coding sequence needed for the organism's structure. In simpler terms, lincRNAs are responsible for putting molecular materials in places they are supposed to be - as though following a rough draft to make a final master piece. Because lincRNAs have so many functions, if step goes wrong, it could cause potential harm to the organism such as creating a tumor. But because of their many functions like guiding the interactions of protein DNA to name one, John Rinn and other current scientists hypothesize that lincRNAs are what differentiates us from other organisms and makes us, us.
adisa narula

Breaking the Silence: The Rise of Epigenetic Therapy - 0 views

jnci.oxfordjournals.org/...874.full

cancer DNA genetics research epigenetic

shared by adisa narula on 12 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • adisa narula on 12 Apr 12
     
    Cancer epigenetics is hot. At the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in April, once-obscure principal investigators were feted by gaggles of admirers and many poster presenters mobbed by the curious. "It's one of the hottest areas of basic biology," said Paul Workman, Ph.D., director of cancer therapeutics at Cancer Research U.K.
nidthamsirisup

Epigenetics Seeks Clues to Mental Illness in Genes' Life Story - Science in 2011 - NYTi... - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...09brain.html

epigenetics DNA Genes disease

shared by nidthamsirisup on 15 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • epigenetics, the study of how people’s experience and environment affect the function of their genes.
  • Studies suggest that such add-on, or epigenetic, markers develop as an animal adapts to its environment, whether in the womb or out in the world — and the markers can profoundly affect behavior.
  • In studies of rats, researchers have shown that affectionate mothering alters the expression of genes, allowing them to dampen their physiological response to stress. These biological buffers are then passed on to the next generation: rodents and nonhuman primates biologically primed to handle stress tend to be more nurturing to their own offspring, and the system is thought to work similarly in humans.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • the offspring of parents who experience famine are at heightened risk for developing schizophrenia, some research suggests — perhaps because of the chemical signatures on the genes that parents pass on.
  • in some people with autism, epigenetic markers had silenced the gene which makes the receptor for the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin oils the brain’s social circuits, and is critical in cementing relationships; a brain short on receptors for it would most likely struggle in social situations.
  • In one large study of people with schizophrenia, researchers at Johns Hopkins are analyzing blood and other data to see whether the degree of epigenetic variation is related to the inherited risk of developing the disorder. In another, researchers at Tufts are studying the genes of animals dependent on opiates to see how epigenetic alterations caused by drug exposure affect the opiate sensitivity of the animals’ offspring.
Mickey Tsai

Autism gender bias clue found - Health - CBC News - 0 views

www.cbc.ca/...autism-males.html

autism gender gene DNA

shared by Mickey Tsai on 13 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • four times more common among males than females.
  • rare family with four generations in which males carrying the glitch were affected but females were not.
  • When male fetuses are missing one copy of the gene, it throws off their developmental process enough to lead to autism but female biology differs enough that it doesn't matter.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • now that doctors know that the SHANK 1 gene is involved and it can be tested for, they'll know to follow affected males very closely and offer treatments early on.
  • lved and it can be tested for, they'll know to follow affected males very c
  • Mickey Tsai on 13 Apr 12
     
    Scientists have long wondered why autism is much more common among males than females. When males miss one copy of a gene it messes up the development process enough to cause autism but female biology differs enough to make it not matter. Now that scientists have identified that the SHANK 1 gene is involved they can test for it and could offer treatments early.
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