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mariakanarakis

An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian Understanding of Free Will - 0 views

orthodoxyinfo.org/AzkoulFreeWill.htm

orthodox greek christianity christian understanding will fate philosophy religion

shared by mariakanarakis on 10 May 12 - No Cached
  • Some have said that man is a machine, who must follow the laws ofhis nature; therefore, he is  neither free to choose between good and evil (whatever they are) nor even between things. Even if he could overcome the laws of nature, he would, as some ancient Greeks said, be subject to "fate" (moira, eir mene) whose decisions must be fulfilled. Thus, choice is a delusion.
  • "predestination," that is, before the creation of the world, God decided who would live with Him forever, and those who would dwell in penal fire for eternity
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      Predestination= fate, destiny When they say God decided who would live, they mean go to heaven, and those who would dwell in penal Fire are the ones who go to hell
  • predestination
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Materialists have postulated that man is a soulless machine and subject to the laws of nature.  Freedom is an illusion. We eat what we eat, think what we think, live as we live, according to the iron laws of the universe.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      By laws of nature they mean: not choosing between good and evil
  • The 18th century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, said that not only must we believe that man is free, but also he has an immortal soul, and that God exists. The idea of freedom cannot exist without the idea of God and immortality. Without such beliefs, the happy life and civilization are impossible.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      This is the opposite side of the materialist's one.
  • In the words of Nicholas Berdayaev, "Man is an enigmatic  being because he is not the product of natural processes, but is the child of freedom which  springs from the abyss of non-being. "
  • Man possesses a divine element within him and, therefore, he is free, with the power to create beauty, to do good, to love justice. Certainly, man's body is controlled by the strictures of time and space, but his spirit is free to transcend all the laws of his finite nature. His spirit takes him where his body cannot go.
  • What does the Orthodox Church teach about free will? None of the above. She has never been concerned about the so-called discoveries of human reason. Rather she trusts the sacred Scriptures and her holy Fathers.
  • We are limited -- - not  paralyzed --- by our nature, the force of circumstance, the laws of Nature.
  • free will does not mean the ability to do whatever we want.
  • we are restricted by the passions. The passions limit the scope of our choices.
  • Freedom involves deliberation. Ignorance is an excuse only for them who have no ability or opportunity to learn
  • Augustine of Hippo taught that
  • there are matters entirely beyond our control, such as those things which God has  reserved for Himself only God has autarkeia or is self-sufficient, absolutely independent; only God is autexousios or complete "self-authority", "self-power", without any authority over Him.
  • How does the Church define "free will"?
  • two meanings
  • It is the  ability to choose between good and evil and between one thing and another. In every choice  there is the risk of sin, unless we call upon the Grace of God to aid« us.
  • our choices always involve  the power to choose between good and evil.
  • our liberty is restricted by ignorance.
  • impossible for us to choose between good and evil and, therefore, to take any part in our salvation
  • "original sin"
  • The liberty of Christians differs from the liberty of the unbeliever, he who is outside the influence of God's saving Grace.
  • choice depends upon knowledge; and upon the knowledge of God's Revelation, which presents the greatest number of choices.
  • with the knowledge of God comes the knowledge of the good and, by implication, the knowledge of evil; and, consequently, the possibility to choose between them. Without that knowledge and the choices that result from them, we are left with no explanation for human existence except fate or predestination, some unknown destiny. Understanding  ourselves this way, is to deprive human choice and action of all meaning Worse, if there were a  God, we would need to blame him for all evil. Not even the devil, if one existed! , could be held  responsible for his conduct.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      FINAL conclusion
  • mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
     
    An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian understanding of free will
Kayla Korman

Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in Canada (91-9E) - 2 views

www2.parl.gc.ca/...919-e.htm

shared by Kayla Korman on 23 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • AIDS and Alzheimer’s disease;
  • n early times euthanasia was generally equated with suicide.
  • Euthanasia is the deliberate act undertaken by one person with the intention of ending the life of another person in order to relieve that person’s suffering.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • he Criminal Code and Euthanasia
  • No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given.
  • n the medical context, a doctor who, at a patient’s request, gives the patient a lethal injection would be criminally liable. A number of other provisions of the Criminal Code may also come into play, depending upon the circumstances; these provisions include:
  • B.  Legal Issues
  • Theoretically, one would expect euthanasia to be prosecuted as first-degree murder, because there is an intent to cause death, which is the definition of murder, and the act is most often planned and deliberate, which is the definition of first-degree murder
  • elieve suffering
  • Charges in Canada have ranged from administering a noxious substance, to manslaughter, to murder.
  •   Other Cases in Canada
  • eating disorders
  • weighed only 22 pounds,
  • was severely disabled and could not speak, being virtually non-communicative to all except her closest caregivers. 
  • Kayla Korman on 23 Nov 10
     
    This website talks about very important topics that we can bring up in our debate, such as the historical background of euthanasia, the Criminal Code concerning this topic and some cases and examples we've had in canada.
  • Daryl Bambic on 24 Nov 10
     
    You MUST highlight specific parts to bring your team's attention to an issue. Just bookmarking is not enough.
vince chatigny-barbosa

Animals lack free moral judgment - 1 views

debatepedia.idebate.org/...e_they_have_no_moral_judgement

shared by vince chatigny-barbosa on 05 Dec 10 - No Cached
  • vince chatigny-barbosa on 05 Dec 10
     
    This is a website basically supporting the argument that animals lack the free moral judgment and basically cannot exercise any rights.
  • Lauren Ganze on 06 Dec 10
     
    "However closely humans and lower animals resemble each other, human beings alone possess the capacity for free choice and the responsibility to act ethically." This is a quote from the site you bookmarked that I find is part of a good point and a good argument. You really chose a good site because it holds philosophical points instead of only opinions and facts. It doesn't really leave much room for argument, but you might want to watch out for your opponents saying things like, "Who's to say they don't have ratinoal thought?" It's sure to help you out in your debate, though.
Mason Brenhouse

Libertarian Party of Canada - 0 views

www.libertarian.ca/...libertarian-party-faq.html

libertarian taxation philosophy wrong

shared by Mason Brenhouse on 04 Dec 10 - No Cached
  • Government is force. Libertarians believe in a win-win voluntary society where people cooperate through trade and charity. The moral issue here is that Libertarians believe that it is not right to take forcefully from one person in order to provide for another's needs. Libertarians believe in minimizing taxation and funding government by other means if possible. Welfare for those in need should be provided through voluntary means. Forcing others to "give" is not just or generous. Government should not be deciding who needs welfare, because welfare is damaging to some people because it encourages dependency, lack of initiative, and poor planning. A free economy will produce more wealth for everyone. Taxation is robbing people of their wealth and the ability to invest that wealth in new business, which would benefit the poor.
  • Think of the possibilities for giving in a society with extremely low taxation. People are concerned about providing for their own families and living responsibly and they need to be free to make their own decisions with their money. Most people in our daily lives are good most of the time - otherwise society wouldn't function - we trust people enough as equals. However, the more power we give to others, the more skewed things become. As Lord Acton said, Power corrupts.
  • Mason Brenhouse on 04 Dec 10
     
    This is a site run by the Libertarians of Canada. They believe in minimizing the total amount of taxation. They also believe in the pricipal that someone's property is solely their's and no one else has the right to take it, even the government. 
Daryl Bambic

The Shrinking World of Ideas - The Chronicle Review - The Chronicle of Higher Education - 0 views

chronicle.com/...150141

ideas neuroscience

shared by Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • To put it in the most basic terms: Our preferences, behaviors, tropes, and thoughts—the very stuff of consciousness—are byproducts of the brain’s activity. And once we map the electrochemical impulses that shoot between our neurons, we should be able to understand—well, everything. So every discipline becomes implicitly a neurodiscipline, including ethics, aesthetics, musicology, theology, literature, whatever.
  • If all behavior has an electrochemical component, then in what sense—psychological, legal, moral—is a person responsible for his actions?
  • neuroscience has put a new spin on free will and culpability:
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • all behavior is mechanical,
  • back to forces beyond the agent’s control."
  • British philosopher Roger Scruton
  • xception to the notion that neuroscience can explain us to ourselve
  • Sally Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld’s Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience
  • The same questions that always intrigued us—What is justice? What is the good life? What is morally valid? What is free will?
  • neurohumanities
  • Now that psychoanalytic, Marxist, and literary theory have fallen from grace, neuroscience and evolutionary biology can step up
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14
       
      This is the heart of it.
Daryl Bambic

The Art Instinct - The Frontal Cortex - 0 views

scienceblogs.com/...the-art-instinct

art dutton

shared by Daryl Bambic on 17 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • What began with a few horses on the walls of a French cave has blossomed into a human obsession
  • desire for beauty is firmly grounded in evolution, a side effect of the struggle to survive and reproduce
  • sate a biological drive
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • scientific response to the idea that art is a “social construction,” driven by the fads of society
  • he basic layout was identical. In each case, people craved a painting that featured a large body of blue water, some open grass, a human figure and a few animals.
  • hard-wired preferences, which developed when we were Pleistocene hunter-gatherers roaming the African savannah. The landscapes we find most beautiful are simply those from which we evolved.
  • Such unpleasant works of art are inspired, Dutton says, by a “blank-slate view of culture,” which assumes that the mind can learn to appreciate just about anything.
  • explaining kitsch.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 17 Feb 15
       
      This is the contrary opinion to the one that Denis Dutton is proposing about 'art as a biological instinct'.
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