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mariakanarakis

An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian Understanding of Free Will - 0 views

orthodoxyinfo.org/AzkoulFreeWill.htm

orthodox greek christianity christian understanding will fate philosophy religion

shared by mariakanarakis on 10 May 12 - No Cached
  • Some have said that man is a machine, who must follow the laws ofhis nature; therefore, he is  neither free to choose between good and evil (whatever they are) nor even between things. Even if he could overcome the laws of nature, he would, as some ancient Greeks said, be subject to "fate" (moira, eir mene) whose decisions must be fulfilled. Thus, choice is a delusion.
  • "predestination," that is, before the creation of the world, God decided who would live with Him forever, and those who would dwell in penal fire for eternity
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      Predestination= fate, destiny When they say God decided who would live, they mean go to heaven, and those who would dwell in penal Fire are the ones who go to hell
  • predestination
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Materialists have postulated that man is a soulless machine and subject to the laws of nature.  Freedom is an illusion. We eat what we eat, think what we think, live as we live, according to the iron laws of the universe.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      By laws of nature they mean: not choosing between good and evil
  • The 18th century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, said that not only must we believe that man is free, but also he has an immortal soul, and that God exists. The idea of freedom cannot exist without the idea of God and immortality. Without such beliefs, the happy life and civilization are impossible.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      This is the opposite side of the materialist's one.
  • In the words of Nicholas Berdayaev, "Man is an enigmatic  being because he is not the product of natural processes, but is the child of freedom which  springs from the abyss of non-being. "
  • Man possesses a divine element within him and, therefore, he is free, with the power to create beauty, to do good, to love justice. Certainly, man's body is controlled by the strictures of time and space, but his spirit is free to transcend all the laws of his finite nature. His spirit takes him where his body cannot go.
  • What does the Orthodox Church teach about free will? None of the above. She has never been concerned about the so-called discoveries of human reason. Rather she trusts the sacred Scriptures and her holy Fathers.
  • free will does not mean the ability to do whatever we want.
  • We are limited -- - not  paralyzed --- by our nature, the force of circumstance, the laws of Nature.
  • we are restricted by the passions. The passions limit the scope of our choices.
  • Freedom involves deliberation. Ignorance is an excuse only for them who have no ability or opportunity to learn
  • our liberty is restricted by ignorance.
  • there are matters entirely beyond our control, such as those things which God has  reserved for Himself only God has autarkeia or is self-sufficient, absolutely independent; only God is autexousios or complete "self-authority", "self-power", without any authority over Him.
  • How does the Church define "free will"?
  • two meanings
  • It is the  ability to choose between good and evil and between one thing and another. In every choice  there is the risk of sin, unless we call upon the Grace of God to aid« us.
  • our choices always involve  the power to choose between good and evil.
  • Augustine of Hippo taught that
  • impossible for us to choose between good and evil and, therefore, to take any part in our salvation
  • "original sin"
  • The liberty of Christians differs from the liberty of the unbeliever, he who is outside the influence of God's saving Grace.
  • choice depends upon knowledge; and upon the knowledge of God's Revelation, which presents the greatest number of choices.
  • with the knowledge of God comes the knowledge of the good and, by implication, the knowledge of evil; and, consequently, the possibility to choose between them. Without that knowledge and the choices that result from them, we are left with no explanation for human existence except fate or predestination, some unknown destiny. Understanding  ourselves this way, is to deprive human choice and action of all meaning Worse, if there were a  God, we would need to blame him for all evil. Not even the devil, if one existed! , could be held  responsible for his conduct.
    • mariakanarakis
      mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
       
      FINAL conclusion
  • mariakanarakis on 10 May 12
     
    An Introduction to the Orthodox Christian understanding of free will
Daryl Bambic

Can Practice Make You Wiser? - Wisdom Research | The University of Chicago - 0 views

wisdomresearch.org/...1209.aspx

wisdom

shared by Daryl Bambic on 18 Jul 13 - No Cached
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 18 Jul 13
       
      Great definition of embodied cognition: the interaction between the states of body and the states of mind.
  • Expert hockey players appear to engage motor systems in understanding hockey action sentences differently from hockey fans or people with no hockey interest or experience (Beilock et al., 2008).
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 18 Jul 13
       
      This suggests that the body's experience of an event helps the mind understand it deeper.
Catherine Delisle

Non-religious arguments against Euthanasia - 3 views

www.starcourse.org/euthanasia.htm

shared by Catherine Delisle on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
    • Catherine Delisle
      Catherine Delisle on 24 Nov 10
       
      This very credible web page is rich in arguments and has many clear and simple points that are very direct. There are a few points that I thought were more important than others. The first point was that assisting suicide was goes against law and public morality, which means that it is against social values. Also, they mentioned that if someone really wants to die, it may be "due to depression or misapprehension of their prognosis". Euthanasia is also irreversible. Some people can act on things while going through a tough time in their lives. Not only that, but euthenasia would create social pressures on vulnerable people. Euthenasia would also ruin relationships between elders and their children. Often, elders are seen as a burden, and with the option of euthanasia, they will feel pressured not to be a burden anymore. Lastly, the relationship between the doctor and the patient would be ruined. Patients would be afraid that they would be euthanised against their will, which is a real situation in Holland.
  • sara tsapekis on 24 Nov 10
     
    This website is straight to the point, and I like that it gives the reasons in point form, making the reading easy to understand. Many reasons given in the website are justifiable. The first reason, for example, which was that legalizing killing undermines public morality, is a very strong point.
  • sydney goldman on 30 Nov 10
     
    I think that this site is extremely easy to understand and makes some really good strong points against euthanasia that are not easily argued. it shows points from different aspects like health reasons, moral reasons, governmental reasons etc... all of these form a nice barrier that covers all of the possible argument that the other team will make.
Daryl Bambic

The Internet Classics Archive | Gorgias by Plato - 0 views

classics.mit.edu/...gorgias.html

gorgias

shared by Daryl Bambic on 09 Feb 14 - Cached
  • prolixity of speech
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 09 Feb 14
       
      Prolixity: taking too many words to say something, too much blah blah blah
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 09 Feb 14
       
      Definition:  using too many words to say something when it could have been said simpler and clearer.
  • Then, when the rhetorician is more persuasive than the physician, the ignorant is more persuasive with the ignorant than he who has knowledge?-is not that the inference?
  • gain the ears of the multitude on any subject, and this not by instruction but by persuasion?
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • does he really know anything of what is good and evil, base or honourable, just or unjust
  • he rhetorician need not know the truth about things
  • You say that you can make any man, who will learn of you, a rhetorician
  • rhetorician must either know the nature of the just and unjust already, or he must be taught by you.
  • that is not to be laid to the charge of his teacher, who is not to be banished, but the wrong-doer himself who made a bad use of his rhetoric-he is to be banished-was not that said?
  • that the rhetorician might make a bad use of rhetoric I noted with surprise the inconsistency into which you had fallen;
  • this habit I sum up under the word "flattery"
  • Soc. Will you understand my answer? Rhetoric, according to my view, is the ghost or counterfeit of a part of politics
  • assume the existence of bodies and of souls?
  • good condition o
  • only in appearance?
  • The soul and body being two,
  • art of politics attending on the soul; and another art attending on the body,
  • hat there are these four arts, two attending on the body and two on the soul for their highest good;
  • flattery knowing, or rather guessing their natures, has distributed herself into four shams or simulations of them; she puts on the likeness of some one or other of them, and pretends to be that which she simulates, and having no regard for men's highest interests, is ever making pleasure the bait of the unwary, and deceiving them into the belief that she is of the highest value to them.
  • the physician would be starved to death.
  • s the natural difference between the rhetorician and the sophist, but by reason of their near connection, they are apt to be jumbled up together; neither do they know what to make of themselves, nor do other men know what to make of them
Kelsey Adams

Correctional Service Canada- Torture Laws - 3 views

www.csc-scc.gc.ca/...im4630-02-eng.shtml

shared by Kelsey Adams on 03 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Kelsey Adams on 03 Nov 10
     
    In this text we learn how Canada has strict rules against the torture of prisoners. The government believes that no matter what, we must respect the dignity of a human being and that no cruel punishments should ever be brought upon prisoners. There is said to be no international treaty that deals exclusively with the treatment of prisoners and the conditions of incarceration but one of the more known and respected instrument that deals with the rights of these criminals is the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.
  • mira ahmad on 03 Nov 10
     
    Kelsey, This text is pretty interesting because while reading it, I learned a lot about Canada's correctional service system. I know about the basics but some things were explained in detail and I learned things that I never knew before. Now I will be able to link specific cases with our correctional system and get a better understanding!
sara tsapekis

Euthanasia: The Right to Die - 1 views

diigo.com/0du3g

shared by sara tsapekis on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • sara tsapekis on 24 Nov 10
     
    The woman that wrote the text had to watch her mother go through excruciating pain for a year because she was suffering from cancer. Although this text on euthanasia is her opinion, I find this site interesting because she speaks from experience, of course not going through euthanasia, but watching someone very close to her not get euthanasia. She would have liked her mother to get euthanasia in order for the pain to stop. That experience makes her opinion all the more understandable.
Gabe Miller

Philosophy, et cetera: Why Taxation Is Not Theft - 2 views

www.philosophyetc.net/...why-taxation-is-not-theft.html

shared by Gabe Miller on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
    • Gabe Miller
      Gabe Miller on 24 Nov 10
       
      this page is useful because it gives good reasons why taxation is not theft but it is useful for our society to flourish. people agree to pay tax when they sign a contract for a job. no one forces you to pay taxes, because you signed a contract saying that you already would.
  • Daryl Bambic on 30 Nov 10
     
    There are three excellent arguments against the resolution that taxation is theft. It is hard to read so make sure your team can see at least two of the three arguments on this page.
  • dunya darwiche on 08 Dec 10
     
    This was SOo hard to understand! But after reviewing it half a dozen times I found some really strong points and it'll really help me refute Thanks Gabe! :D
Chrissy Le

Euthanasia Cons - 3 views

www.buzzle.com/...euthanasia-pros-and-cons.html

euthanasia cons doctors killing

shared by Chrissy Le on 23 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Chrissy Le on 23 Nov 10
     
    This website speaks about the pros and cons of euthanasia, but because my group is against it I am focusing on the cons. The website also defines the term "euthanasia" if some of you do not understand it. I chose buzzle.com because the arguments seem valid to me and have a good stand.
  • Daryl Bambic on 24 Nov 10
     
    It's got free psychic advertising! Not the most credible website.
mira ahmad

CBC News - Canada - The fight for the right to die - 1 views

www.cbc.ca/...f-assisted-suicide.html

shared by mira ahmad on 20 Nov 10 - Cached
  • If I cannot give consent to my own death, whose body is this? Who owns my life?
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 20 Nov 10
       
      This quote said by Ms. Rodriguez states that she is in charge of her own body and should be allowed to make her own decisions. Why should the law overpower her personal decisions that affect her?
  • In Canada, as in most countries, assisted suicide is illegal. But there seems to be a growing movement toward changing the law in many parts of the world.
    • mira ahmad
      mira ahmad on 20 Nov 10
       
      The Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland are the only countries where euthanasia are permitted. In Canada, one who commits assisted suicide can get up to 14 years in prison.
  • individuals should be able to control the time and circumstances of their own death
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The Criminal Code of Canada outlaws suicide assistance, with penalties of up to 14 years in prison
  • mira ahmad on 20 Nov 10
     
    Sue Rodriguez was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, a fatal and painful disease. She fought to the Supreme Court of Canada to obtain the right to commit assisted suicide, but lost twice. She ended up committing assisted suicide with the help of an anonymous physician.
  • Catherine Delisle on 24 Nov 10
     
    This website is very credible. It also contains a lot of information. What I really like about it is the fact that it not only gives you an example to prove your point, but it also contains a lot of points to build a case for euthanasia. This website pointed some of the most interesting points for your case, which will help me refute during our debate.
  • sara tsapekis on 24 Nov 10
     
    I really like this website, because it gave a couple personal situations involving euthanasia, which allowed me to understand why someone might want euthanasia to be legal. The site also contains a lot of information including what the law in Canada and the U.S. was for euthanasia, and clearly explained why it is an issue. There are aspects in the text that favor euthanasia and others that explain why it should not be legal.
michelle tappert

against euthanasia - 2 views

www.euthanasia.com

shared by michelle tappert on 08 Dec 10 - Cached
  • michelle tappert on 08 Dec 10
     
    pay special attention to the examples that will help show how euthanasia is not right. Example 1: an elderly person in a nursing home, who can barely understand a breakfast menu, is asked to sign a form consenting to be killed. Is this voluntary or involuntary? Will they be protected by the law? How? Right now the overall prohibition on killing stands in the way. Once one signature can sign away a person's life, what can be as strong a protection as the current absolute prohibition on direct killing? Answer: nothing. Example 2: a woman is suffering from depresssion and asks to be helped to commit suicide. One doctor sets up a practice to "help" such people. She and anyone who wants to die knows he will approve any such request. He does thousands a year for $200 each. How does the law protect people from him? Does it specify that a doctor can only approve 50 requests a year? 100? 150? If you don't think there are such doctors, just look at recent stories of doctors and nurses who are charged with murder for killing dozens or hundreds of patients.
michelle tappert

euthanasia against - 1 views

more from www.billmuehlenberg.com

shared by michelle tappert on 08 Dec 10 - No Cached
  • michelle tappert on 08 Dec 10
     
    this site demonstrates how euthanasia should be band and the arguments help people understand how euthanasia is a way for doctors to get rid of people who's lives are not "valuable".
sara tsapekis

Suicide vs. Euthanasia - 3 views

diigo.com/0e1o5

shared by sara tsapekis on 08 Dec 10 - No Cached
  • sara tsapekis on 08 Dec 10
     
    This site states the differences as well as the similarities between suicide and euthanasia. I think it's a good site because it breaks down euthanasia into all the possible categories (voluntary euthanasia, in-voluntary euthanasia, non-voluntary euthanasia) and goes into detail about each one. They are interrelated because in a euthanasia case, the patient could be depressed and that would be the reason for wanting euthanasia to be performed. Suicide becomes a choice for those who are depressed as well.
  • michelle tappert on 08 Dec 10
     
    this site is very useful for both sides of the argument about whether euthanasia is right or wrong. This site allows us to see and understand the difference between different kinds of euthanasia, because they are not all the same. It talks about depression and how suicide is a choice for them, but it should stay a personal choice. Euthanasia is sometimes not even chosen by the person for whom it is brought up. Very good site, it really helps see what euthanasia and suicide are all about.
Daryl Bambic

The Role of Socratic Questioning in Thinking, Teac - 0 views

www.criticalthinking.org/...522

questioning Socratic thinking Critical Thinking pft

shared by Daryl Bambic on 15 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • answers can be taught separate from question
  • Hence every declarative statement in the textbook is an answer to a question. Hence, every textbook could be rewritten in the interrogative mode by translating every statement into a question.
  • thinking is not driven by answers but by questions
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • Questions define tasks, express problems and delineate issues. Answers on the other hand, often signal a full stop in thought.
  • Moreover, the quality of the questions students ask determines the quality of the thinking they are doing.
  • That is, we ask questions only to get thought-stopping answers, not to generate further questions.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 15 Jan 15
       
      Another good reason to teach philosophy.
  • force us to deal with complexity.
  • Questions of implication force us to follow out where our thinking is going
  • purpose force
  • nformatio
  • nterpretation
  • Questions of assumption
  • point of view
  • relevance
  • ccuracy
  • precision
  • consistency
  • No questions equals no understanding.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 15 Jan 15
       
      Do you agree with this statement?
  • There is a special relationship between critical thinking and Socratic Questioning because both share a common end. Critical thinking gives one a comprehensive view of how the mind functions (in its pursuit of meaning and truth), and Socratic Questioning takes advantage of that overview to frame questions essential to the quality of that pursuit.
  • pre-thinking the main question to be discussed using the approach of developing prior question
  • list of questions which probe the logic of the first question,
Daryl Bambic

The Psychology and Philosophy of Wonder | Outre monde - 1 views

outre-monde.com/...ology-and-philosophy-of-wonder

wonder philosophy

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • By drawing us out of ourselves, wonder does make us feel small and insignificant, but it also gives us right perspective by reconnecting us with something much greater and vaster and higher and better than our daily struggles. Wonder is the ultimate homecoming, returning us to the world that we came from and were in danger of losing.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 05 Feb 15
       
      Does this sound like the world of Forms?
  • Socratic wonder is not so much wonder in the sense of awe, but, as hinted by Aristotle, wonder in the sense of puzzlement or perplexity: wonder that arises from contradictions in thought and language, and gives rise to a desire to resolve or at least understand these contradictions.
  • Socrates himself only turned to philosophy after being puzzled by the Delphic Oracle, which, though he believed himself to be ignorant, pronounced him to be the wisest of all men.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • “I am likely to be wiser than he to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know.”
  • Wonder is a universal experience, found also in children and perhaps even in higher-order primates and other animals
  • of wonder share a concern for what is in some sense beyond us, or beyond our grasp.
  • and the end of wonder is wisdom, which is the state of perpetual wonder.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 05 Feb 15
       
      The most lovely definition of wisdom I have seen: a perpetual state of wonder.
Daryl Bambic

The Shrinking World of Ideas - The Chronicle Review - The Chronicle of Higher Education - 0 views

chronicle.com/...150141

ideas neuroscience

shared by Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • To put it in the most basic terms: Our preferences, behaviors, tropes, and thoughts—the very stuff of consciousness—are byproducts of the brain’s activity. And once we map the electrochemical impulses that shoot between our neurons, we should be able to understand—well, everything. So every discipline becomes implicitly a neurodiscipline, including ethics, aesthetics, musicology, theology, literature, whatever.
  • If all behavior has an electrochemical component, then in what sense—psychological, legal, moral—is a person responsible for his actions?
  • neuroscience has put a new spin on free will and culpability:
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • all behavior is mechanical,
  • back to forces beyond the agent’s control."
  • British philosopher Roger Scruton
  • xception to the notion that neuroscience can explain us to ourselve
  • Sally Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld’s Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience
  • The same questions that always intrigued us—What is justice? What is the good life? What is morally valid? What is free will?
  • neurohumanities
  • Now that psychoanalytic, Marxist, and literary theory have fallen from grace, neuroscience and evolutionary biology can step up
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14
       
      This is the heart of it.
Daryl Bambic

What Psychological and Social Factors Contribute to the Development of Wisdom? - Wisdom... - 0 views

wisdomresearch.org/...1445.aspx

wisdom research

shared by Daryl Bambic on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Given that meditation is a mental activity one could imagine that the practice of meditation relates to wisdom
  • dance experience
  • affect judgment or decision making
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • age is not related to wisdom,
  • ncreased experience in meditation is related to increased cognitive, affective, and reflective wisdom
  • increased ballet experience is related to increased cognitive, affective, and reflective wisdom
  • self regulation and self control, which are important in maintaining such practices over long periods of time may be important for the development of wisdom
  • grit,
  • Daniel Kahneman
  • decision biases
  • istort some aspects of rational economic decision-making.
  • endowment effect,
  • hinking in a second language reduces economic biases
  • increase creativity
  • insight in problem solving.
  • antecedents of wisdom.
  • emotional distance fr
  • What needs to be true about a person in order to develop wisdom or to take advantage of experiences that can lead to the development of wisdom?
  • Wisdom seems to depend on epistemic humility.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 19 Nov 14
       
      Epistemic humility - a great descriptor for Socrates.  To be humble about what one knows or does not know.  Socrates famously said that he knew only that he knew little or nothing.
  • importance of humility in terms of recognizing how much there is to know and to learn about people.
  • wisdom depends in part on understanding that the values and perspectives of other people are important in solving human problems -- we all must be open to learning more.
  • other virtues may serve as guidance in the use and development of wisdom.
  • willingness to engage in intellectual struggle,
  • Wisdom may also depend on a propensity to engage in divergent thinking, creativity, and the insight that comes from a diversity of experiences, and from forming new concepts and associations among concepts.
Daryl Bambic

Mutable Morality, Not Subjective Morality. Moral Pluralism, Not Moral Relativism. - 0 views

www.patheos.com/...pluralism-not-moral-relativism

morality

shared by Daryl Bambic on 18 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • ointing out but wrongly calling “subjectivity”.To say that not only do moralities change but that they should and that even good moralities may not be permanently and at all times good is not to say that morality is subjective
  • Morality, even if mutable, need not be just a matter of arbitrary feelings or tastes that admit of no argument for persuading those who happen to feel differently.
  • good moral judgments
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • some important extent context
  • dependent.
  • change with different circumstances.  
  • valid measures of human flourishing.
  • broadly definable human goods
  • ntellectual power,
  • ocial organization and cohesion, artistic prowess, physical health, athletic prowess, aesthetic sensitivity and complexity, technological capability, technological achievement, emotional satisfaction, pleasure, political efficiency, virtues,
  • moral pluralism, not relativism.
  • Moral pluralism acknowledges that differing moralities, which in particulars may formally contradict each other, can each be ethically approvable given variations in circumstances or given their respective abilities to meet certain thresholds of valuable contribution to life.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 18 Feb 15
       
      Moral pluralism allows for cross cultural (different) standards of morality.
  • Moral relativism would allow for no cross-cultural assessments but would say that the only standard a morality has or needs is the endorsement of a particular individual or culture
  • ocial scientist’s perspecti
  • hilosophical,
  • hat values are best and what moral codes best realize them.
  • onstitute human flourishing and happiness.
  • if we have enough historical understandin
  • Old Testament morality
  • as in its own time the best and most progressive advance for the people who adopted it
  • ays it failed a
  • dismiss the Old Testament as irrelevant to a contemporary context.
  • t is also wholly unpersuasive to claim, as some try, that God’s values have always been the same even as he has given his people moral codes that fit their times or their understanding at each of their stages
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