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Parkinson's is a result of the loss of cells in various parts of the brain, including one portion that produces the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is essential for being able to move in a coordinated way, so the loss of dopamine causes the tremors often associated with the condition. While the exact cause of Parkinson's is unknown, genetics and environment are contributing factors. Most cases occur in patients with no family history of Parkinson's disease, but there are 13 gene mutations that have been linked to either causing the disease or increasing one's risk of developing it. Certainly not everyone who carries these gene mutations develops Parkinson's, but identifying these genetic indicators is the beginning of developing more precise treatments.

The fates of ice age human groups in Europe were closely linked to climate change, according to an unprecedented study of the genomes of 51 individuals who lived between 45,000 years ago (when modern humans arrived in Europe) and 7,000 years ago. "We see multiple, huge movements of people displacing previous ones," David Reich of the Harvard Medical School said. "During this first four-fifths of modern human history in Europe, history is just as complicated as it is during the last fifth that we know so much more about." 

This case study was inspired by the Zika virus outbreak that occurred around the time of the 2016 Olympic Games. Many athletes were fearful of attending because of the link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in infants. This concern, however, ran contrary to reports suggesting that the risk of athletes and other travelers becoming infected was remarkably low. Jessica, a fictional Olympic equestrian and the main character of the case, was unfortunately very unlucky and contracted Zika virus near the time of the Games. She ended up enduring negative health complications likely as a consequence of the infection.  This case was designed to be implemented in the nervous system unit of a human biology or anatomy and physiology course. The case is also appropriate for microbiology and public health courses.   Students are expected to have foundational knowledge in viral life cycles, and will explore disruptions in neurotransmission as well as abnormal fetal brain development.

Teacher website with great worksheets and links

Site linking to summaries on a wide variety of genetic disorders.

Data rich simulation where students adjust parameters and run simulator for 100 iterations and see how 1) two plant species compete for a niche or 2) how composition of a food web changes over time Links to online textbook, videos, visuals, scientists.

Links for 5 articles covering cancer and cell phones

Since their development in the mid-1990s, DNA microarrays have become a key tool in the fight against cancer. But just how do they help diagnose and treat patients?  Article with related links

Links to wide array of career exploration tools and sites form the New Jersey Department of Education

About GeneCards®: GeneCards is a searchable, integrated database of human genes that provides comprehensive, updated, and user-friendly information on all known and predicted human genes. GeneCards extracts and integrates gene-related data, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, genetic, clinical, and functional information. This is automatically mined from >100 carefully selected web sources, thereby allowing one-stop access to a very broad information base. GeneCards overcomes barriers of data format and heterogeneity, and uses standard nomenclature and approved gene symbols. It presents a rich subset of data for each gene, and provides deep links to the original sources for further scrutiny. GeneCards is widely used, and assists in the understanding of gene-related aspects of biology and medicine.

On this page we have compiled resources for educators to use in the classroom.  The first section consists of modules developed at NESCent.  "Other Curriculum Resources" includes a list of various resources ranging from single lessons, to books, to computer simulations.  The "Audio and Video Lecture" section has links to single lectures, interviews, and science shows.  Some are are audio only while others include video. 

Links for a variety of rubrics

Links to reference videos 

In this audio slide show, Dr. Dana Dolinoy of Duke University explains the role that the epigenome, a sort of second genome, plays in regulating the expression of our genes. As Dolinoy notes, we can no longer say with certainty whether genetics or the environment have a greater impact on our health, because the two are inextricably linked through the epigenome.

Importance  Despite research showing no link between the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), beliefs that the vaccine causes autism persist, leading to lower vaccination levels. Parents who already have a child with ASD may be especially wary of vaccinations. Objective  To report ASD occurrence by MMR vaccine status in a large sample of US children who have older siblings with and without ASD.

hose who would much rather prefer to burn the midnight oil than get up early in the morning can find solace in a new research that suggests they might be genetically predisposed to being nocturnal. It is your genes that allow you to be more productive at night-time instead of the day. Researchers from the University of Leicester in the UK have identified about 80 genes that are closely linked to a preference for either morningness or eveningness. Though these genes were identified in fruit flies and appear unrelated to your own body clock, most of these buggers are found in us mammals as well.

This page shows some key events of human development during the embryonic period of the first eight weeks (weeks 1 - 8) following fertilization. This period is also considered the organogenic period, when most organs within the embryo have begun to form. There are links to more detailed descriptions which can be viewed in a week by week format, by the Carnegie stages or integrated into a Timeline of human development. Online resources available include: individual images of all Carnegie stages, scanning electron micrographs of the earlier stages, cross-sections showing internal structures at mid- and late-embryonic, 3D reconstructions of internal structures, animations of processes, ultrasound scans and information about abnormalites of development.

The laboratory-based animal study found a link between greater susceptibility to obesity and diabetes, and whether one's ancestors have been undernourished for several generations, and was published on Friday in the journal Cell Metabolism.

Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Avian flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with avian flu viruses have occurred. The links below offer information about avian influenza for different audiences.

TED-Ed with supporting lesson materials through cpalms.org resource site.  Text links include cell cycle, immune system response to cancer, and Laron's syndrome dwarfism which has low incidences of cancer and diabetes.