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The conclusion is that the high-fat diet triggered chronic inflammation, which in turn triggered an autoimmune response in the mice's central nervous systems. Normally this response protects the brain from invaders like bacteria, but a high-saturated fat diet knocks the process off track, resulting in damage to synapses in the brain - specifically in the hippocampus. Since the hippocampus is a brain area central to memory and learning, the eventual outcome is impaired brain function. In short, the high-fat diet caused brain damage.

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The study is the first to examine all of the gene networks affected by fructose that result in changes to brain function and metabolism-more than 20,000 genes in total. Although the study was conducted using rats, the researchers report that the majority of the sequenced genes are comparable to those in humans, including more than 200 genes in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial to memory, and 700 in the hypothalamus, the seat of the brain's metabolic control center.