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Planck Units

Planck units are largely based upon three fundamental units, h, G, and c.

The gravitational constant is given the symbol "G".   It is a measured value used in the force equation for gravity (see below). F = Gm1m2 / r2 The m units are masses of two bodies which are separated by a distance r.   By rearranging the equation, we have G (see below). G = Fr2 / m1m2 The gravitational force, F, was measured between two masses to arrive at G.   At various times, the laboratory equipment and methods were improved to arrive at more accurate values for G.   The physics texts were not usually updated for the new values because (1) the changes were not great enough to justify the added expense to the texts, and (2) the changes were happening frequently enough to make each text obsolete before it arrived in the hands of students.   Consequently, there are numerous variations of G to be found, but the differences between them are slight. There are many systems of weights and measures used in physics.   Fundamental constants such as G often have two values according to the measuring system used.   When two such units are mixed to arrive at subsidiary units such as the planck length, the result is a completely erroneous value along with units of measure which do not apply.   Consequently, it is important to convert the various units of the fundamental constants used to the same system of units.   In may instances of late, this has not been done. Finally, there is human error involved in copying from an old text to create a new next.   This means that it is wise to check various texts to see if they all agree (they usually don't), and decide what is correct and what is not correct.   For G, the following was discovered.

Wigner Distributions and How They Relate to the Light Field

Abstract In wave optics, the Wigner distribution and its Fourier dual, the ambiguity function, are important tools in optical system simulation and analysis. The light field fulfills a similar role in the computer graphics community. In this paper, we establish that the light field as it is used in computer graphics is equivalent to a smoothed Wigner distribution and that these are equivalent to the raw Wigner distribution under a geometric optics approximation. Using this insight, we then explore two recent contributions: Fourier slice photography in computer graphics and wavefront coding in optics, and we examine the similarity between explanations of them using Wigner distributions and explanations of them using light fields. Understanding this long-suspected equivalence may lead to additional insights and the productive exchange of ideas between the two fields.

Monthly data on the origins of crude oil imports in June 2013 has been released and it shows that two countries exported more than 1 million barrels per day to the United States

Canada remained the largest exporter of total petroleum in June; exporting 2,864 thousand barrels per day to the United States. The second largest exporter of total petroleum was Saudi Arabia with 1,431 thousand barrels per day.

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sdepold authored 2 years ago lib use instances + readme 2 years ago src fixed indexOf bug in ie 2 years ago .gitignore ignore node_modules 2 years ago CHANGELOG.md fixed indexOf bug in ie 2 years ago MIT-LICENSE license 2 years ago README.md added index and totalEntries 2 years ago index.html minfied version 2 years ago package.json fixed indexOf bug in ie

WikiLeaks,

how Israel, US block justice

expose

America’s budget crisis

While the final budget for the year remains uncertain given the politics surrounding the special Congressional committee charged with finding more than $1 trillion in cuts over all, it is clear that foreign aid will decline for a second year.

“We’re going to have to do more with less — or less with less, depending on how you look at it,” said Deputy Secretary of State Thomas R. Nides, who oversees the department’s budget and operations.

Dung beetles just climbed another ladder on the animal coolness scale – they are the only known species to navigate via the Milky Way. The tiny insects can orient themselves to the bright stripe of light generated by our galaxy, and move in a line relative to it, according to experiments conducted in South Africa.

STL (file format)

STL (STereoLithography) is a file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D Systems. STL is also known as Standard Tessellation Language[1] This file format is supported by many other software packages; it is widely used for rapid prototyping and computer-aided manufacturing. STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. The STL format specifies both ASCII and binary representations. Binary files are more common, since they are more compact

Regulatory Changes by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FERC Orders 888 and 889

On April 24, 1996, FERC issued Orders 888 and 889, which encourage wholesale competition.  The primary objective of these orders is the elimination of monopoly power over the transmission of electricity.  To achieve this objective, FERC requires all public utilities that own, control, or operate facilities used for transmitting electric energy in interstate commerce to: file open access nondiscriminatory transmission tariffs containing minimum terms and conditions, take transmission service (including ancillary services) for their own new wholesale sales and purchases of electricity under open access tariffs, develop and maintain a same-time information system that will give existing and potential  users the same access to transmission information that the public utility enjoys, and separate the transmission from generating and marketing functions and communications.

Researchers produce first complete computer model of an organism July 20, 2012 By Max McClure

(Phys.org) -- In a breakthrough effort for computational biology, the world's first complete computer model of an organism has been completed, Stanford researchers reported in the journal Cell.

team led by Stanford bioengineering Professor Markus Covert used data from more than 900 scientific papers to account for every molecular interaction that takes place in the life cycle of Mycoplasma genitalium – the world's smallest free-living bacterium.

"To say we were striving for a one-world government is exaggerated, but not wholly unfair. Those of us in Bilderberg felt we couldn't go on forever fighting one another for nothing and killing people and rendering millions homeless. So we felt that a single community throughout the world would be a good thing."

The original conference was held at the Hotel de Bilderberg, near Arnhem in the Netherlands, from 29 to 31 May 1954. It was initiated by several people, including Polish politicians Józef Retinger and Andrew Nielsen, concerned about the growth of anti-Americanism in Western Europe, who proposed an international conference at which leaders from European countries and the United States would be brought together with the aim of promoting Atlanticism – better understanding between the cultures of the United States and Western Europe to foster cooperation on political, economic, and defense issues.[3]