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Katy Field

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf - 0 views

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    In order to promote peace & stability, the United States government should freeze all foreign military financing aid to Israel until the Israeli government agrees to remove all settlements from the West Bank and East Jerusalem so as to return to its pre-1967 borders.
Caroline Yevak

Debate: Continue U.S. Aid to Israel? :: Middle East Quarterly - 0 views

  • Kurz: The United States and Israel—at Israel's initiative—have already developed a plan to gradually eliminate U.S. economic aid to Israel. There is an understanding that Israel's economy is doing better, its debt repayments (the justification for economic aid in the first place) are going down. If Israel had had its debt forgiven, as Egypt did, after the Gulf war, it wouldn't need economic aid at all. But that couldn't happen because of technical budgetary reasons; so instead of forgiving the debt, the United States is essentially giving Israel the money it needs to pay back its American loans. That will end in seven years. On the military side, it's anybody's guess. If the conflict ends tomorrow, if there is a real peace treaty with Syria, if Iran becomes a moderate force in the region, if Iraq no longer is a threat to Israel, if Israel is finally accepted as a permanent, legitimate state in the Middle East, then Israel will not need to spend huge sums of money for her defense and will no longer need U.S. help in doing so.
  • We give aid to Israel to maintain its security in a very tough region and a very important part of the world in order to advance critical U.S. interests. If that aid were reduced to a point that Israel couldn't buy the equipment it needs to defend itself and maintain the peace, that would be dangerous to us.
  • I do, but just as Israel's economy is doing much better, the military threats against her are much greater. Look at what's happening in the region: the nuclear threat, the missile threat, where they are coming from, the distances involved from rogue regimes like Iran and Iraq.
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    Maybe we could free economic aid, but Military aid?? Ehmmmmmrrrrrrr..........neiigqfoil23hnfp23t9gfh32p
Caroline Yevak

Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Two Years of Independence, But No Peace - English pravda.ru - 0 views

  • However, the confrontation between Russia and Georgia still remains a big issue. The diplomatic ties between the two countries have not been restored. As a matter of fact, Russia and Georgia still remain in a state of war with each other. Georgia strongly refuses to conduct any talks with S. Ossetia and Abkhazia.
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      independence wont help true conflict of tension between Gerogia and Russia
Shana Thomas

International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Abkhazia and South Ossetia are two breakaway republics in the Caucasus with disputed status over whether they are a part of Georgia or sovereign states.[1] The Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of South Ossetia were recognised following the 2008 South Ossetia War between Russia and Georgia
  • South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia during the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War on 29 May 1992, with its Constitution referring to the "Republic of South Ossetia".[6][7][8] Abkhazia declared its independence after its war with Georgia in 1992–1993. Its Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1994.[9][10
  • Kosovo's declaration of independence on 17 February 2008 and its divided international acceptance prompted speculation that there could be implications for the frozen South Caucasus situation.
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  • In April 2008, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 1808 that reaffirmed "the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Georgia within its internationally recognised borders and supports all efforts by the United Nations and the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General, which are guided by their determination to promote a settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict only by peaceful means and within the framework of the Security Council resolutions
  • South Ossetian President Eduard Kokoity flew to Moscow on 23 August 2008 to address the Federation Council of Russia, and in his appeal stated "what the Georgian leadership has done in South Ossetia can only be described as a Caucasian Stalingrad." On 25 August 2008, President of Abkhazia Sergei Bagapsh also made a presentation to the Federation Council. In his address to the Council, Bagapsh stated "I can say for certain that Abkhazia and South Ossetia will never be part of Georgia."[15]
  • After hearing the aforementioned appeals from both the Abkhazian and South Ossetian leadership, on 25 August 2008, the Federation Council and State Duma passed motions calling upon President Dmitry Medvedev to recognise the independence of both states and establish diplomatic relations.[15][16]
  • President Medvedev stated that "Western countries rushed to recognise Kosovo's illegal declaration of independence from Serbia. We argued consistently that it would be impossible, after that, to tell the Abkhazians and Ossetians (and dozens of other groups around the world) that what was good for the Kosovo Albanians was not good for them. In international relations, you cannot have one rule for some and another rule for others."[21]
  • Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili considered Russia's move as an attempt to alter the borders of Europe by force. Below are some excerpts from his statement:[32] This is the first attempt on European territory ... since Hitler's regime and Stalin's Soviet Union where a large state is trying unilaterally, with the use of force, to completely crush a neighbouring country and openly annex its territory. This is inconceivable lawlessness and insolence ... Russia has done unthinkable damage to its place in the international community. The question of the re-establishment of the territorial integrity of Georgia and the protection of its freedom — this is not an internal Georgian problem, or a question of Georgia and Russia. This is now a question of Russia and the rest of the civilised world. Georgia's future, is not only the future of Georgia, this is the future of the whole civilised world...
    • Shana Thomas
       
      This section will be useful * debate card #3??
  • The European Union,[44] NATO,[45] the OSCE,[46] the United States[47] and other countries immediately voiced displeasure with Russia's decision
  • Comparisons with Kosovo
  • support Georgia's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
  • Ukraine categorically reprobates an adventurous decision of Russia to recognise the self-declared independence and calls for international community to combine efforts in relation to absolute confirmation and observance of territorial integrity of Georgia and implementation of the undertaken international obligations of Russia".
  • Ukraine does not support the decision of Russia to recognise the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. "We are sorry about [the] adoption of such a decision. For Ukraine it is unacceptable therefore we cannot support the position."[215] However, the parliament of Ukraine's Autonomous Republic of Crimea passed a resolution, supporting independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, backing Russia's actions in the regions, and urging the Ukrainian parliament to "accept" the independence of these states
  • October 2009, Ukrainian Ambassador to Russia Kostyantyn Hryshchenko said that "We must not recognize neither Kosovo nor Abkhazia, nor South Ossetia in no case"
  •  Kosovo President of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu said that Kosovo cannot serve as an example for Russia to recognise South Ossetia or Abkhazia. He said, "We have always stressed that Kosovo has special characteristics; that it is sui generis and it cannot be used as a precedent for other conflict zones, areas or regions"
  • UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon stated that "the question of recognition of states is a matter for sovereign states to decide.
  • "this is in direct violation of numerous UN Security Council resolutions regarding Georgia's territorial integrity, resolutions that Russia itself has endorsed. Russia's actions in recent weeks call into question Russia's commitment to peace and security in the Caucasus. NATO firmly supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia and calls on Russia to respect these principles".[156] In December 2009, following NATO summit it was announced that NATO member states will not recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia and called on Russia to reverse its decision.[262]
Shana Thomas

The Clear Benefits of Decriminalizing Marijuana - 3 views

  • The Justice Policy Institute argues that locking up drug offenders is an ineffective and inefficient way to address drug abuse
  • With 2,310,984 people being held in local, state, and federal prisons in 2008, the “number of people in prison is nearly 5 times what it was 30 years ago, despite crime rates being at historic lows
  • drug possession is the sole reason 83% of those arrested for drug offenses are charged with a crime and thrown into prison.
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  • Marijuana Policy Project found that between 1995 and 2008 nearly 9.5 million individuals had been arrested due to connections with marijuana (whether it is cultivation, possession, or distribution).
  • Ongoing scientific research has shown tobacco and alcohol to be more addictive, harmful, and socially costly than marijuana.
  • As we have explored, marijuana is proven to be a less dangerous substance than tobacco and alcohol. Not only is it less dangerous in terms of its addictive properties and physical harm to people, it has critical cannabinoid chemicals that may relieve pain and aid the recovery of certain illnesses.
  • Marijuana is essentially in the same situation today that alcohol was in during Prohibition. Government law prevents marijuana from being sold in a legal manner, but it by no means eliminates the suppl
  • Rather than being produced and distributed peacefully through free trade, the marijuana market is limited only to the black market. This artificial legal limitation of the supply raises the p
  • of marijuana to extraordinary heights, thus attracting suppliers to enter the black market.
  • ome argue that criminalizing marijuana is a more harmful endeavor than the impact of the plant itself on society. The Marijuana Policy Project describes the situation: Because of marijuana prohibition, America’s largest cash crop is grown exclusively by unregulated criminals, often in environmentally damaging locations such as national parks and wilderness areas. Such problems are virtually unknown with legal, regulated crops such as tobacco or wine grapes (“Marijuana Prohibition Facts”).
  • Given that marijuana is less harmful to the human body than alcohol and tobacco, it makes little sense to continue the current policy of cannabis prohibition (particularly when you consider the detrimental results of alcohol prohibition).
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    why decriminalization is a good thing/ help promote stability and peace
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    found this article!
Mckenzie Hudson

JSTOR: Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Mar., 2000), pp. 79-94 - 0 views

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    Talks about U.S. Military teaching mexican police torture and covert murder tactics.... I could argue that torturing people and murdering them doesn't promote peace & stability... 
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    and by the way this is my article
Neha Kukreja

Mexico Debate Resolution - 19 views

-Value to be promoted: peace and stability -Actor: The United States Government -Action: 1.shift funding for military/ military equipment for Mexico to substance abuse treatment and prevention prog...

Ellen Mischinski

Obama Calls for Mideast Peace Deal Based on Israel's Pre-1967 Borders - NYTimes.com - 1 views

  • Mr. Obama declared that the prevailing borders before the 1967 Arab-Israeli war — adjusted to some degree to account for Israeli settlements in the West Bank — should be the basis of a deal. While the 1967 borders have long been viewed as the foundation for a peace agreement, Mr. Obama’s formula of land swaps to compensate for disputed territory created a new benchmark for a diplomatic solution.
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      1967 borders as a starting point. Israeli settlers make it difficult.
Kevin Gregor

Bad Borders, Good Neighbors - NYTimes.com - 0 views

  • the country’s 1967 borders are not militarily defensible. But his use of this argum
  • Israel needs peace with the Palestinians, and that will likely require a return to the 1967 lines with a few adjustments. These borders can be made defensible if they come with a security package consisting of a joint Israeli-Palestinian security force along the West Bank’s border with Jordan, a demilitarized Palestinian state and a three-way Israeli-Jordanian-Palestinian defense treaty. Combined with such a package, the balanced formula President Obama outlined in his May 19 speech can give Israel the security it needs and deserves.
Kevin Gregor

Netanyahu: Israel Cannot Return To 1967 Borders | Fox News - 1 views

  • A peace agreement, he said, must assure Israel's security: "Israel cannot return to the indefensible 1967 borders," he declared, rekindling the dispute with Obama in a possible effort to placate territorial hardliners in his government.
Ellen Mischinski

Israeli PM: 'No going back' to 1967 borders - politics - White House - msnbc.com - 0 views

  • Obama and Netanyahu, meanwhile, appear to have reached an impasse after two and a half years of rocky relations. The Obama White House was angered when Netanyahu refused a U.S. demand to halt building Jewish settlements in the West Bank.
  • The brewing crisis in U.S.-Israeli relations dimmed even further the prospect for resuming peace talks that collapsed late last year when Palestinians walked away in a dispute over Israeli settlement building in the West Bank.
  • The Democratic president has quickly come under fire from Republican critics, who accuse him of betraying Israel, the closest U.S. ally in the region. Pushing Netanyahu could alienate U.S. supporters of Israel as Obama seeks re-election.
Neha Kukreja

Should Israel continue to receive aid from the United States? - Israeli-Palestinian Con... - 1 views

  • ] is a real benefit to the United States and Israel. We give aid to Israel to maintain its security in a very tough region and a very important part of the world in order to advance critical U.S. interests. If that aid were reduced to a point that Israel couldn't buy the equipment it needs to defend itself and maintain the peace, that would be dangerous to us."
  • "As Israel is continually attacked by ongoing Palestinian terrorist assaults, aid to Israel is more important than ever. Foreign aid presents many benefits to Israel’s safety and security and to Middle East stability.
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    Evidently, aid to Israel is a necessity for Israel's security since they're surrounded by so much hostility...
Onurcan Tatman

Lateline - 23/05/2011: Obama misrepresented over Middle East speech - 1 views

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    US president Barack Obama has sought to reassure a powerful Jewish lobby over his speech on the future of the Middle East
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    talks about how israeli correspondent saying they want peace that can last and that cannot happen with the palestinians getting more land because of the israeli feelings towards it and them having to lose land.
Mckenzie Hudson

Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace - 0 views

  • Finally, in the context of a discussion over classic conventional war, there is one further consequence to consider from a full Israeli withdrawal to the 1967 lines: after such a withdrawal the chances of war would actually increase, as Israel's ability to deter war would be eroded. A post-withdrawal Israel would offer a very tempting target, since it would be a narrow country with no strategic depth whose main population centers and strategic infrastructure would be within tactical range of forces deployed along the commanding heights of the West Bank. Whoever believes that war is impossible does not have to take this consideration into account; but all who think that it is possible, even if unlikely right now, must then understand that by returning to the 1967 lines, Israel increases the chances that such a scenario of renewed hostilities may actually materialize.
    • Mckenzie Hudson
       
      Reinforces my point about insecure borders and how they could result in war.
    • Mckenzie Hudson
       
      And by the way i (mckenzie) found this first, ask me before if you want to use this in debate.
Austin Buben

Netanyahu vows Israel will not return to 'indefensible' mid-1967 borders in Washington ... - 0 views

  • "I'm ready to make painful compromises"
  • Hamas is not a partner for peace," Netanyahu said to one of 26 standing ovations. Hamas' charter calls for the destruction of Israel, the killing of Jews around the globe - and its leader recently bemoaned the killing of Osama bin Laden.
  • Last Friday at the White House, Netanyahu scolded Obama on how unrealistic it was for the administration to push 1967 borders as a starting point for negotiations with Palestinians.
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  • "It's time for (Palestinian) President Abbas to stand before his people and say 'I will accept a Jewish state,'"
Katy Field

Debate Resolution #2: Caucasus - 0 views

Resolved: In order to promote peace and stability the ICJ should extend its ruling on the legality of Kosovo's independence to include recognition of Abkhazian and South Ossetian independence as well.

resolution

started by Katy Field on 09 Nov 11 no follow-up yet
Ellen Mischinski

The Jamestown Foundation: The Chechen Reaction to the Georgian Crisis - 0 views

  • the Chechen refugees in Georgia began to disappear, which naturally alerted the Chechen Diaspora as well as refugees from Chechnya, which by then was already a sizeable group
  • unanimous support for Georgia’s actions and were convinced that Georgia’s actions were provoked by Russia (Kavkazky Uzel, August 7). Moreover, the Georgians noticed that Chechens from the Vostok battalion were the ones who saved many Georgian civilians from revenge attacks by Ossetians and Russians
  • At the time the Russian leadership’s position on South Ossetia was probably not clear to Kadyrov. When he understood what Russia’s interest was he made a new statement offering to send 10,000 Chechen fighters (Vesti.ru, August 12). Furthermore, by then he knew that his implacable foe, Sulim Yamadaev, the Vostok battalion’s commander, was among the Russian troops in South Ossetia.
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  • 20 young Chechen girls had joined the ranks of militants hiding in the mountains and said there were many other instances of departures by young people eager to participate in the resistance movement
  • The democratic wing of the Chechen resistance limited itself to ambiguous statements of support for Georgia based not on the principle of territorial integrity but on criticism of Russia for its hypocritical position regarding those who had been struggling for independence for close to two decades
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      Chechens teamed up with Georgia, both don't like russia. Chechens think russia is being hypocritical recognizing SO & Abk. but not Chechnya. Young boys and girls going off to fight in resistance=violence / anti-peace/stability
Neha Kukreja

Possibility of Abkhazian Independence - 3 views

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    -Neha Kukreja
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    pg.10: "On the whole, Abkhaz citizens' view of the West is based on many years of resentment over the West's repeated calls for the full restoration of Georgia's territorial integrity. This call ignores the Abkhaz desire to have a state of their own, questions their rich historical past and devalues the sacrifices made by the people of Abkhazia during the war unleashed by Georgia." There's no telling that if we granted Abkhazia independence that they wouldn't launch a war vs. the west in retaliation....
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    pg. 11:"Another factor is the steady stream of cheap Western videos, on which many people base their view of Western culture. Moreover, restrictions imposed by the EU and the United States (US) on Abkhaz people entering their countries not only violates their right to freedom of movement, but also stops them from becoming acquainted with modern Western life. Abkhazia's attitude to the West is also, to some extent, indicative of the isolationist mentality that resulted from many years of embargoes - a factor which is further exacerbated by an unconscious fear of globalisation."
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    pg. 11:"On the question of how much Abkhazia actually needs to be recognised by the wider international community, most Abkhaz officials of whatever rank expressed the view that international recognition is not absolutely necessary at this stage. Given the close strategic partnership with Russia, the country can interact with the outside world through the Russian state and private structures." Would you look at that.... some Abkazians don't even want independence!!!
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    pg. 13: "1. Unless President Medvedev of Russia is able to insist on a more liberal way of development in Russia, the civilisational differences between the West and Abkhazia will only grow. Abkhazia will continue to navigate channels laid down by Russian policy and full international recognition will be postponed for many years. 2. If real modernisation is initiated in Russia, this will lead to a more open foreign policy. This will undoubtedly have a positive effect on the development of Abkhazia. The latter will have a chance to accelerate the process of international recognition by developing democratic institutions." Basically, what we're seeing here is that Abkhazian independence isn't totally out of the picture, but rather there are some requirements in making "peace" with the West that needs to come first.... BOTH Russia and Abkhazia need to do this.
Austin Buben

Jamestown Foundation Blog: ICJ's Kosovo Verdict Weakens Russian Position - 0 views

  • A second argument is that Abkhazia and “South Ossetia” declared their independence after a mass ethnic cleansing of hundreds of thousands of Georgians, and other ethnicities had artificially changed the demographic composition of the two regions. Russia’s military presence in those territories both before and after the war as well as the absence of proper international peace mechanisms have prevented the majority Georgian population from returning home. While in Kosovo the very purpose of the international mission was to help the Kosovar Albanians to return safely, hundreds of thousands of Georgians have not been allowed to go back to Abkhazia and Tskhinvali. Thus, unlike Kosovo, the de-facto authorities in Abkhazia and Tskhinvali do not represent the majority of the lawful residents in those territories but are merely puppet regimes whose declarations have no legitimacy. Recognizing the independence of the occupied territories would just legitimize the use of ethnic cleansing as a device to change international borders.The ethnic cleansing of Georgians has been officially recognized by the UN General Assembly, by the OSCE in 1994, 1996 and 1999 during its Budapest, Lisbon and Istanbul summits, and by several individual states. Paragraph 17 of the 1999 OSCE Istanbul Summit Document states: “We reiterate our strong condemnation as formulated in the Budapest and Lisbon Summit Documents of the ‘ethnic cleansing’ resulting in mass destruction and expulsion of predominantly Georgian population in Abkhazia, Georgia.”
    • Austin Buben
       
      Ethnic cleansing by Russia artificially turned the region of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from a Magority of Georgians into a minority who now want to declare independence.
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