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This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites submission of investigator-initiated program project applications. The proposed programs should address scientific areas relevant to the NIDDK mission including diabetes, selected endocrine and metabolic diseases, obesity, digestive diseases and nutrition, and kidney, urologic and hematologic diseases, as well as new approaches to prevent, treat and cure these diseases, including clinical research. A description of NIDDK scientific program areas can be found at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/research-areas/pages/research-areas.aspx .

The purpose of the NLA Junior Faculty Research is to encourage scholarly advancement of Junior Faculty in the pursuit of a career related to hyperlipidemia and other lipid disorders in humans. The NLA will fund eligible institutions to provide $70,000 per year in salary support for those actively involved in clinical and/or basic science that provides promise of developing new information in fields of study that could advance the diagnosis and management of lipid disorders such as biochemistry, physiology, or genetics as well as interventions that improve therapy. The institutions eligible shall be nonprofit and offer an environment that would logically support a young faculty member with appropriate equipment, space and experienced faculty for proposed studies. The proposal will identify a specific candidate with training and strong signs of early success in an appropriate area of research and with a plan for developing appropriate experiments or clinical studies. To be eligible, an applicant is expected to hold or be eligible for a doctoral level degree (PhD, PharmD or MD) prior to the date of the scheduled award. There must be a record of accomplishment in a relevant research area as manifest by publications or a PhD thesis of high quality. The application for the Basic Science Award may focus on any aspect of lipid metabolism that has relevance to human disease. This may include experiments at the laboratory bench involving structural chemistry, biochemistry, physiology or genetics.

Genomic Science program supports basic research aimed at identifying the foundational principles that drive biological systems. These principles govern the translation of the genetic code into integrated networks of proteins, enzymes, regulatory elements, and metabolite pools that are the functional processes of organisms including microbes and multispecies communities relevant to DOE missions in energy and the environment. To address the DOE mission in sustainable Bioenergy development, the Genomic Science program brings omics-driven tools of modern systems biology to bear on the challenges associated with microbial production of advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts.Developing an increased understanding of how biological systems function and translating that knowledge to enhance the production capabilities of microbes and plants forms the basis of DOE's mission in sustainable Bioenergy. To harness the biosynthetic processing power of the microbial world for advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts production, an expanded set of platform organisms with appropriate metabolic capabilities and stress tolerance characteristics with a suite of modification tools will need to be developed. To foster this development, the DOE-BER Genomic Science program supports research aimed at understanding the principles that govern the functional properties of bioenergy relevant organisms at the genomic scale.

There is an established and growing evidence base to support the hypothesis that the gut microflora can metabolize dietary compounds into metabolites with important biological activity. Frequently, these compounds are phenolic acids, which may be derived from a wide range of precursors. These small, gut-derived metabolites may ultimately be the missing link that explains the widely acknowledged health benefits of diets high in fruits and vegetables.

The Understanding the Rules of Life: Microbiome Theory and Mechanisms (URoL:MTM) program is an integrative collaborationacross Directorates and Offices within the National Science Foundation. The objective of URoL:MTM is to understand and establish the theory and mechanisms that govern the structure and function of microbiomes, a collection of microbes in a specific habitat/environment. This may include but is not limited to host-associated microbiomes, such as those with humans and other organisms, where i) the microbiome impacts host physiology, behavior, development, and fitness; ii) the host influences the metabolic activity, dynamics and evolution of the microbiome, and iii) the environment (biological, chemical, physical, and social) influences and is influenced by both the host and the microbiome. Recent progress has transformed our ability to identify and catalogue the microbes present in a given environment and measure multiple aspects ofbiological, chemical, physical, and social environments that affect the interactions among the members of the microbiome, the host, and/or habitat. Much descriptive and correlative work has been performed on many microbiome systems, particularly those in the human, soil, aquatic, and built environments. This research has resulted in new hypotheses about the microbiome's contributions to potential system function or dysfunction. The current challenge is to integrate the wide range of accumulated data and information and build on them to develop new causal/mechanistic models or theories of interactions and interdependencies across scales and systems.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in people with HIV (PWH), contributing to multiple complications associated with this condition. There is mounting evidence that there are unique mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity in PWH versus people without HIV. Furthermore, the biology of the adipocytes might be altered in overweight or obese PWH versus overweight or obese people without HIV. This FOA seeks applications to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how HIV and antiretroviral drugs used for therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis contribute to the development of obesity and alter adipocyte and adipose tissue function as well as the effects of these processes on metabolic and physiological processes within the mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

The ADDF seeks to support comparative effectiveness research, prevention clinical trials, and epidemiological studies that probe whether the use or choice of drugs alters the risk for dementia or cognitive decline. Specifically, the Prevention Beyond the Pipeline RFP supports: * Studies Leveraging the Consortium of Cohorts for Alzheimer's Prevention Action (CAPA) * Comparative Effectiveness Research: Methods may include randomized trials or epidemiology. * Studies of Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Reserve: Methods may include epidemiology or clinical trials. Current target areas of interest include: - Epigenetics - Inflammation - Mitochondria & metabolic function - Neuroprotection - Proteostasis - Synaptic activity and neurotransmitters - Vascular function - Other aging targets (e.g. senescent cells) - Other novel targets or pathways that are supported by compelling evidence demonstrating a rational biological connection to age-related cognitive decline or dementia risk   

The aim of this RFP is to develop biomarkers for which there is a clear clinical need in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Specifically, this RFP focuses on: - developing novel PET ligands for clinical use - supporting novel CSF biomarkers - validating established MRI approaches in larger cohorts Novel biomarkers of neuroinflammation and synaptic integrity are considered high priority. Other target areas of interest include: - Neuronal loss - Vascular injury and blood-brain barrier integrity - Mitochondria and metabolic function - Protein misfolding/proteostasis - Oxidative stress - White matter changes - Other novel targets supported by compelling biological rationale and connection to disease The ADDF has limited interest in CSF measures of amyloid and tau.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support basic and clinical mechanistic research on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility, routes of infection, course of disease, morbidity and mortality in people with pre-existing diseases, or adverse acute or chronic outcomes in organs, tissues, and biological systems of specific interest to NIDDK. These include diabetes and other metabolic diseases, obesity, and endocrine, digestive, liver, pancreas, kidney, urological, and hematologic tissues and diseases.

The purpose of the RESTORE program is to advance understanding of the role of inflammation resolution pathways at the cellular and molecular level and how exposure to environmental pollutants interferes with these pathways resulting in exposure-induced chronic systemic inflammation and ultimately chronic disease conditions. The initial phase of this program is focused on understanding how chronic exposure to air pollution interferes with resolution of inflammation in pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems and diseases.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) does not allow applicants to propose to lead an independent clinical trial, but does allow applicants to propose research experience in a clinical trial led by a sponsor or co-sponsor.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) does not allow applicants to propose to lead an independent clinical trial, but does allow applicants to propose research experience in a clinical trial led by a sponsor or co-sponsor.