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The purpose of this FOA is to invite applications that investigate aspects of lymphatic vessel physiology, development and pathophysiology related to health and diseases of the digestive system. Studies to understand the factors that control local lymphatic vessel functional anatomy and physiology and development during health or disease in this system and its organs, and the mechanisms by which alterations of lymphatic vessel function affect organ function, are of interest. However, studies with the major focus on immune mechanisms, role of lymphatics in cancer metastasis and study of lymphatic vessels in organs other than those from the digestive system will not be considered responsive.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support research that will identify changes in immune mechanisms and markers because of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) exposure, infection or disease in pediatric populations exposed to or infected with HIV-1.

NIDDK requests applications to join a new research consortium "Microphysiological Systems (MPS) for Modeling Diabetes (MPS-MOD)". NIDDK will support the development and validation of human tissue chips that closely mimic the normal physiology of key metabolic tissues, including the pancreatic islet, liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT). Experimental designs for the MPS-MOD platforms should incorporate strategies to measure pathophysiological changes associated with metabolic disease, including the impact of immune cells on metabolic dysfunction. Once developed, these multi-dimensional MPS-MOD platforms will serve as the foundation for NIDDK's advanced strategy to identify new and novel therapeutics for diabetes. The utility and validity of model systems developed under this initiative will be measured, in part, through the ability of known diabetes therapeutic agents and biomarkers to influence biology of the system, using best practices and rigorous study design. The need for high-quality, well-characterized isogenic/patient derived iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cell) lines and standardized differentiation procedures is a critical step in turning disease-specific lines into tools for discovery. In the future, iPSC-based human tissue chips could play a central role in drug development, testing, screening, drug repurposing and toxicity testing.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to accelerate the adoption and validation of molecular/cellular/imaging markers and assays for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and prediction of response or resistance to treatment, as well as markers for cancer prevention and control. This FOA also includes the validation of pharmacodynamic markers and markers of toxicity. Applicants to this FOA must have an assay(s) whose performance has been analytically validated in specimens similar to those for the intended clinical use of the assay(s) and marker(s). As chemotherapies and/or radiation therapies are increasingly combined with immunotherapies to enhance durability of anti-cancer responses, multiple assays for measuring multiple markers, including immune markers, can be developed and validated simultaneously.

Established in 2012, the program has expanded to include the gut microbiome in recognition of its remarkable potential on the human body - including immune health, brain health, and proper digestion and absorption. To date, the program has supported research on the use of foods as a delivery vector for beneficial bacteria, technology for studying the adaptation of fermentative microbes to milk, the effects of protein fermentation on the human microbiota and digestive health, and the relationship between probiotics, the gut microbiome and brain function.

1. Basic Science of Gene Therapy for Hemophilia * Basic science, tropism, transduction efficiency & tolerability of Adeno associated virus (AAV) * AAV antibody seroprevalence, titer- assessment, reduction & tolerance * Role of immunosuppression in managing immune response and potential retreatment * Effect of Gene Therapy on liver biology 2. Basic Science of TFPI & Anti-TFPI Monoclonal Antibodies * Basic biology of TFPI interactions with Protein C, ATIII & Protein S * Cross talk among regulators (e.g., Protein S being a co-factor for both Protein C and TFPI) * Role of different TFPI pools in regulation of coagulation * Impact of concomitant treatments (especially antifibrinolytics) added to anti-TFPI on the physiology of hemostasis * Note: Pfizer will not supply study drug 3. Burden of disease: Clinical Hemophilia A and B * Natural history of hemophilia and adherence to current standard of care * Arthropathy: presence, development, clinical burden & joint damage in hemophilia * Patient experiences with hemophilia, treatment preferences and quality of care * Quality of Life/Work analysis and cost of care in Hemophilia

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to advance the discovery and characterization of primary immunodeficiency diseases, to understand the causes and mechanisms of disease, to enable early detection and molecular diagnosis, and to support the development of strategies to treat and eventually cure these disorders.

The objective of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to pair Bioengineers and Immunologists to leverage emerging innovative knowledge in physical and computational science for the design and development of an HIV-1 vaccine.

The objective of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to pair Bioengineers and Immunologists to leverage emerging innovative knowledge in physical and computational sciences for the design and development of an HIV-1 vaccine.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support hypothesis-generating research in transgender people with the objective of characterizing the biological and immunological impact of the interventions (hormones, drugs and surgical) used for gender reassignment and their impact on susceptibility to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI).