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This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications from institutions and organizations to conduct research focused on elucidating mechanisms of Fc-dependent, antibody-mediated killing of infected or aberrant cells, or antibody-mediated therapeutic ablation of cells implicated in immune pathologies, including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Studies supported by this FOA are expected to define variables that affect efficiencies of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), both in vitro and in vivo. U01 awardees will be expected to attend annual Program Progress/Steering Committee meetings and present progress to fellow awardees and to NIAID program staff. The goal of the meetings is to facilitate collaborations between funded investigators and to accelerate development of mechanistic models that incorporate the collective findings of this program. Advances in our understanding of these Fc-dependent killing mechanisms will inform more efficient design and optimization of ablative antibody therapeutics and may also inform design of vaccines that preferentially elicit ADCC- or ADCP-efficient antibody responses. This FOA uses the U01 grant mechanism, while the companion FOA, PA-19-xxx, uses the R21 mechanism. High risk/high reward projects with limited preliminary data or utilize existing data may be most appropriate for the R21 mechanism.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites R21 applications for studies that address knowledge gaps in mechanisms of Fc-dependent, antibody-mediated killing of infected cells or aberrant cells, or antibody-mediated therapeutic ablation of cells implicated in immune pathologies, including autoimmune and allergic diseases. More specifically, the purpose of this FOA is to promote innovative and exploratory research to elucidate mechanisms of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP), and to promote development of tools, technologies, and animal models to facilitate identification and evaluation of cytotoxic killing mechanisms mediated by human antibodies in vivo.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications from institutions to participate in the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation Cooperative Research Program (IXCRP), for the development of preclinical porcine-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) models of pancreatic islet, kidney, heart, lung, or liver xenotransplantation. The goals of this program are to: (1) delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenograft rejection and/or the induction of immune tolerance; (2) develop effective strategies to improve xenograft survival; and (3) characterize and address the physiological compatibility/limitations of xenografts. The long-term goal of this program is to develop strategies for application of xenotransplantation in the clinic.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications from institutions to participate in the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation Cooperative Research Program (IXCRP), for the development of preclinical porcine-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) models of pancreatic islet, kidney, heart, lung, or liver xenotransplantation. The goals of this program are to: (1) delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenograft rejection and/or the induction of immune tolerance; (2) develop effective strategies to improve xenograft survival; and (3) characterize and address the physiological compatibility/limitations of xenografts. The long-term goal of this program is to develop strategies for application of xenotransplantation in the clinic.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement is to provide continuing support for specific pathogen free (SPF) macaque colonies previously funded under the auspices of PAR-14-066. Breeding colonies are essential to sustain Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) research. Pedigree SPF macaques are free of certain viruses, which can confound the results of AIDS-related investigations or present a risk to the personnel who care for the animals. The SPF macaques are genetically characterized for major histocompatibility (MHC) class I types as defined MHC classes are critical in determining immune responses to HIV/AIDS infections.

To that end, the foundation will award grants of up to $50,000 for studies into the causes, mechanisms, and improved means of treatment for histiocytic disorders.  While all areas of research relevant to the histiocytoses will be considered, priority will be given to studies related to mechanisms of disease pathogenesis; biology (maturation, migration, and immune function) of dendritic cells, macrophages, and/or lymphocytes in disease pathogenesis; derangements of cytokine production or function; CNS pathology; neuropsychiatric consequences; studies of rare forms (juvenile xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease); studies of histiocytic disorders in adults; and discovery of new disease markers.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support high risk/high reward research on the blood/vascular component and regulation of the neurovascular-blood unit (a.k.a., Blood-Brain Barrier; BBB) in normal and pathological states to create enhanced/modified platforms that more closely model the human BBB. Research addressing vascular, hemostatic, hematopoietic, and/or immune cell interaction across the Blood-Brain Interface is of particular interest. This initiative will serve to stimulate the development of a new field of science and re-define the neurovascular unit to also include the blood/vascular component to develop the next generation of pre-clinical human cellular model systems of the human BBB to complement research currently based on animal models.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support high risk/high reward research on the blood/vascular component and regulation of the neurovascular-blood unit (a.k.a., Blood-Brain Barrier; BBB) in normal and pathological states to create enhanced/modified platforms that more closely model the human BBB. Research addressing vascular, hemostatic, hematopoietic, and/or immune cell interaction across the Blood-Brain Interface is of particular interest. This initiative will serve to stimulate the development of a new field of science and re-define the neurovascular unit to also include the blood/vascular component to develop the next generation of pre-clinical human cellular model systems of the human BBB to complement research currently based on animal models.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to invite applications to support innovative research to improve our understanding of innate and adaptive immune dysregulation caused by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes that causes increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) re-activation and more severe active TB disease with more frequent treatment failure/relapse and death in the context of HIV co-infection.   

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite applications to support innovative research to improve our understanding of innate and adaptive immune dysregulation caused by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes that causes increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) re-activation and more severe active TB disease with more frequent treatment failure/relapse and death in the context of HIV co-infection.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to invite applications to support innovative research to improve our understanding of innate and adaptive immune dysregulation caused by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes that causes increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) re-activation and more severe active TB disease with more frequent treatment failure/relapse and death in the context of HIV co-infection.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to invite applications to support innovative research to improve our understanding of innate and adaptive immune dysregulation caused by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes that causes increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) re-activation and more severe active TB disease with more frequent treatment failure/relapse and death in the context of HIV co-infection.

Getting to ZERO is a five-year program to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) impact, vulnerability and risk and to increase uptake and retention of high-impact HIV services among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and adolescents in targeted communities in Zimbabwe. The strategic objectives of Getting to ZERO are to improve the health, nutrition, psychosocial wellbeing, retention of children in schools, as well as reduction in abuse of children affected by HIV in Zimbabwe. Subject to availability of funds, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) intends to provide approximately $35,000,000 in total funding for this program. Getting to ZERO directly aligns with the goal of Government of Zimbabwe's (GOZ) National HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Strategic Plan

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages Research Project Grant (R01) applications to study molecular and cellular mechanisms of tissue injury and repair associated with alcohol use in humans. Excessive alcohol consumption has the potential to adversely affect multiple organ systems including the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, lung, kidney, endocrine and immune systems, as well as bone and skeletal muscle. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that long term alcohol consumption is associated with reduced host capacity for recovery and repair following trauma. The mechanisms for these alcohol-induced effects on tissue injury and repair are currently not fully understood.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. The purpose of this FOA is to establish Centers of collaborating investigators with the goal of identifying and advancing research opportunities for translating immunotherapy concepts for children and adolescents with cancer toward clinical applications. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as a scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP): Recommendation (B) that calls for the establishment of a pediatric immunotherapy translational science network. The network was envisioned by the BRP as focusing on identifying new targets for immunotherapies, developing new pediatric immunotherapy treatment approaches (e.g., cancer vaccines, cellular therapy, combinations of immunotherapy agents, and others), and defining the biological mechanisms by which pediatric tumors evade the immune system. The Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN) Centers will address and implement these BRP recommendations.

The purpose of this FOA is to invite applications that investigate aspects of lymphatic vessel physiology, development and pathophysiology related to health and diseases of the digestive system. Studies to understand the factors that control local lymphatic vessel functional anatomy and physiology and development during health or disease in this system and its organs, and the mechanisms by which alterations of lymphatic vessel function affect organ function, are of interest. However, studies with the major focus on immune mechanisms, role of lymphatics in cancer metastasis and study of lymphatic vessels in organs other than those from the digestive system will not be considered responsive.

The goal of this FOA is to support innovative, basic and translational research in two areas, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immunology and liver disease. The emphasis for GI mucosal immunology is on elucidation of mechanisms whereby innate and adaptive immunity in the GI tract interacts with HIV infection in the presence or absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contributes to HIV infection, persistence, disruption of GI homeostasis, and pathogenesis. The emphasis for liver disease is on pathophysiologic mechanisms of injury to the liver and the biliary system during HIV infection and epidemiological studies of liver diseases and disorders in HIV patients.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of trophoblast differentiation and function in relation to fertility and pregnancy, including the role of the immune system. It is anticipated that fundamental knowledge gained by this research will act as a solid foundation to hasten treatments for a number of placental-based pregnancy disorders, such as implantation failure, frequent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth.

The goal of this FOA is to support innovative, basic and translational research in two areas, gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immunology and liver disease. The emphasis for GI mucosal immunology is on elucidation of mechanisms whereby innate and adaptive immunity in the GI tract interacts with HIV infection in the presence or absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and contributes to HIV infection, persistence, disruption of GI homeostasis, and pathogenesis. The emphasis for liver disease is on pathophysiologic mechanisms of injury to the liver and the biliary system during HIV infection and epidemiological studies of liver diseases and disorders in HIV patients.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is associated with the Beau Biden Cancer MoonshotSM Initiative that is intended to accelerate cancer research. The purpose of this FOA is to establish Centers of collaborating investigators with the goal of identifying and advancing research opportunities for translating immunotherapy concepts for children and adolescents with cancer toward clinical applications. Specifically, this FOA targets the following area designated as a scientific priority by the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP): Recommendation (B) that calls for the establishment of a pediatric immunotherapy translational science network. The network was envisioned by the BRP as focusing on identifying new targets for immunotherapies, developing new pediatric immunotherapy treatment approaches (e.g., cancer vaccines, cellular therapy, combinations of immunotherapy agents, and others), and defining the biological mechanisms by which pediatric tumors evade the immune system. The Pediatric Immunotherapy Discovery and Development Network (PI-DDN) Centers will address and implement these BRP recommendations.