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Chemical modifications of protein, DNA and RNA nucleoside moieties play critical roles in regulating gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests RNA modifications have substantive roles in multiple basic biological processes. Epitranscriptomics can be defined as the aggregate suite of functional biochemical modifications to the transcriptome within a cell. Recent studies in yeast, Drosophila, rodent and human models demonstrate that stressors can induce RNA modifications, with specific reprogramming of some regulatory RNAs. The NIEHS seeks to solicit innovative, mechanistic research applications that are focused on how environmental exposures are associated and involved with the functional activities of RNA modifications and pathways that may be modified or misregulated, associated with adverse health outcomes and/or be useful as biomarkers of exposure and/or exposure-induced pathologies. The study of functional chemical RNA modification has identified important emerging roles in cellular regulation and gene expression. However, the impact of environmental exposures on functional RNA modifications has been relatively understudied and may present a new mechanism for enhanced understanding the relationships between exposures and the development of complex human diseases. The NIEHS will use the R01 mechanism to support hypothesis driven research using approaches that incorporate principles of toxicology with RNA modification biological and/or chemical expertise and utilizes state of the art technologies.

Chemical modifications of proteins, DNA and RNA nucleoside moieties play critical roles in regulating gene expression.  Emerging evidence suggests these RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics) have substantive roles in basic biological processes. Recent studies in yeast, Drosophila and rodent models demonstrate stressors can induce RNA modifications, with specific epitranscriptomic reprogramming of some regulatory RNAs.  The purpose of the Functional RNA Modifications Environment and Disease (FRAMED) FOA is to solicit and support R21 applications that propose innovative, high risk, high reward research addressing how environmental exposures impact this layer of cellular regulation.

The "epitranscriptome" refers to chemical modifications of RNA molecules.  RNA modifications in the brain have been reported to regulate the fate and function of both coding and noncoding RNAs and are emerging as a critical element of cellular function. The purpose of this initiative is to stimulate research into the functions of modified RNAs in the brain and in the associated modification proteins that act on RNA (readers, writers, and erasers) that play a role in basic neurobiological and behavioral processes implicated in mental and substance use disorders.   

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of epitranscriptomics, i.e., the chemical modifications of RNA. Evidence is accumulating that RNA modifications regulate the function of both coding and noncoding RNAs, suggesting that these modifications are involved in both development, and in health and disease. Yet the extent and types of these RNA modifications as well as their roles in particular biological processes remain either poorly understood or not known. The goal of the FOA is to promote research into the role of RNA chemical modifications in the initiation and progression of various developmental processes and disease states and conditions relevant to the scientific mission of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage applications from the scientific community to support outstanding research in the area of epitranscriptomics, i.e., the chemical modifications of RNA. Evidence is accumulating that RNA modifications regulate the function of both coding and noncoding RNAs, suggesting that these modifications are involved in both development, and in health and disease. Yet the extent and types of these RNA modifications as well as their roles in particular biological processes remain either poorly understood or not known. The goal of the FOA is to promote research into the role of RNA chemical modifications in the initiation and progression of various developmental processes and disease states and conditions relevant to the scientific mission of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the National Eye Institute (NEI).

Chemical modifications of proteins, DNA and RNA nucleoside moieties play critical roles in regulating gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests these RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics) have substantive roles in basic biological processes. Recent studies in yeast, Drosophila and rodent models demonstrate stressors can induce RNA modifications, with specific epitranscriptomic reprogramming of some regulatory RNAs. The purpose of the eFRAMED FOA is to solicit and support R21 applications that propose conducting innovative, high risk, high reward research to enhance our understanding of how environmental exposures impact this layer of cellular regulation.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages basic research into the role of RNA chemical modifications and their corresponding writers, readers and erasers in the initiation and progression of cancer. Chemical modifications of RNA bases have been reported to regulate the fate and function of both coding and noncoding RNAs and are emerging as a critical element of post-transcriptional gene regulation. This FOA will utilize the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism which supports investigation of novel scientific ideas or new model systems, tools or technologies that have the potential for significant impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) to develop novel technologies to expand the capability for molecular analyses of banked frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. There is a need for improved tissue preservation methods that maintain histologic features while preserving high quality DNA, RNA, protein and small molecules in archived tissue from rodent and human studies. In addition, novel approaches are needed to preserve DNA, RNA, and small molecules during collection and storage of biological samples.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) to develop novel technologies to expand the capability for molecular analyses of banked frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. There is a need for improved tissue preservation methods that maintain histologic features while preserving high quality DNA, RNA, protein and small molecules in archived tissue from rodent and human studies. In addition, novel approaches are needed to preserve DNA, RNA, and small molecules during collection and storage of biological samples.

This Limited Competition Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites an application from the currently funded NIH Common Fund-supported Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium (ERCC) Data Management and Resource Repository (DMRR) to support Stage 2 efforts of this program.  The overall programmatic goal of the DMRR is to integrate the efforts of all funded components of the ERCC and serve as a community-wide resource for extracellular RNA (exRNA) standards, protocols, and data. 

The purpose of this FOA is to provide support for innovative research into the role of extracellular RNA (exRNA) in the development of alcohol-related diseases and end-organ injuries. As used here, the term exRNA refers to RNA molecules circulating outside of cells, either within vesicles or associated with carrier molecules. It is anticipated that this FOA will generate data that may lead to breakthroughs in our understanding of the role of exRNA communication in the initiation, progression and maintenance of the diverse medical disorders caused by excessive, long-term alcohol consumption. In the future this knowledge may be critical in the diagnosis, treatment and management of vulnerable patient populations debilitated by the vast array of alcohol-induced pathologies and enable clinicians to improve disease outcomes and, consequently, public health. In addition, research supported by this FOA may also provide information on the mechanistic basis of the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns (SBCs) to develop novel technologies to expand the capability for molecular analyses of banked frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. There is a need for improved tissue preservation methods that maintain histologic features while preserving high quality DNA, RNA, protein and small molecules in archived tissue from rodent and human studies. In addition, novel approaches are needed to preserve DNA, RNA, and small molecules during collection and storage of biological samples.  

The purpose of this FOA is to support generation of single cell RNA-sequencing datasets for at least one brain region relevant to persistent HIV infection and opioid use disorder. Applications that are not responsive to this FOA will be returned without review. To be responsive to this FOA, proposed projects should be framed to answer one or more vexing questions about persistent HIV infection in the CNS. The major thrust of the proposed project also MUST: exploit single nucleus or single cell transcriptomic assays with the goal of identifying the types of cells within at least one NIDA-relevant brain region (e.g. PFC, NAc, VTA, striatum, insula, or other appropriately justified region) and how the cell types and individual cells within that region differ from one another in terms of gene expression. focus on human post-mortem brain tissue from controls, individuals with chronic opioid exposure, HIV-infected individuals, and HIV-infected individuals with chronic opioid exposure. propose to detect HIV proteins or RNA or DNA within the single cells or nuclei to be assayed.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits R01 grant applications to develop novel technologies that will enable no less than one order of magnitude improvement in DNA sequencing, and practical methods for direct RNA sequencing. Advances in genomics and more broadly in biomedical research have been greatly facilitated by significant and sustained DNA sequencing throughput increases and cost decreases. The goal now is to improve the quality and efficiency of DNA sequencing and enable direct RNA sequencing (e.g., longer read lengths, faster turn-around time, greater accuracy, and higher-throughput etc.) at reasonable costs with the anticipation that significant advances in any of these and related areas would make significant contributions to the mission of NHGRI and the field of genomics, including to many of NHGRI's other technology development goals. Also listed under R21

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicits R01 grant applications to develop novel technologies that will enable no less than one order of magnitude improvement in DNA sequencing, and practical methods for direct RNA sequencing. Advances in genomics and more broadly in biomedical research have been greatly facilitated by significant and sustained DNA sequencing throughput increases and cost decreases. The goal now is to improve the quality and efficiency of DNA sequencing and enable direct RNA sequencing (e.g., longer read lengths, faster turn-around time, greater accuracy, and higher-throughput etc.) at reasonable costs with the anticipation that significant advances in any of these and related areas would make significant contributions to the mission of NHGRI and the field of genomics, including to many of NHGRIs other technology development goals.

Genetic and genomic studies have identified genes and gene variants that may impact the fundamental biological mechanisms underpinning substance use disorders (SUDs).  Discovery of these genes/variants, while extremely valuable, is only the first step in understanding the molecular processes that influence SUDs. This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages basic functional genetic and genomic research in two areas:  1. functional validation to determine which candidate genes/variants/epigenetic/non-coding RNA features have an authentic role in SUDs, and 2. detailed elucidation of the molecular pathways and processes modulated by candidate genes/variants, particularly for those genes with an unanticipated role in SUDs.   

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support exploratory and developmental research projects to uncover functional roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in viral infectious diseases. Importantly, the projects should focus on functional characterization and mechanistic studies of previously identified ncRNAs. Applications limited to the discovery or identification of ncRNAs will not be supported under this RFA.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support Exploratory/Developmental Grant (R21) applications to uncover functional roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in viral infectious diseases. Importantly, studies should focus on functional characterization and mechanistic studies of previously identified ncRNAs.   

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support basic science research, from early exploratory studies to therapeutic discovery and development, in novel biologically active viral and/or host RNAs involved in virology (including HIV biology) and immune regulation.

The purpose of this initiative is to encourage research that investigates the role of molecular epigenetic or non-coding RNA regulatory pathways in the development or maintenance of chronic pain. Ultimately research in the area will provide foundational knowledge that can be exploited to develop novel and non-addictive pain medications.

The purpose of this initiative is to encourage research that investigates the role of epigenetic or non-coding RNA regulatory pathways in the development, maintenance, or treatment of chronic pain. Ultimately research in the area will provide foundational knowledge that can be exploited to develop novel and non-addictive pain medications or to develop biomarkers that predict chronic pain progression or treatment response.