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Lin X, Gingrich JR, Bao W, Li J, Haroon ZA, Demark-Wahnefried W. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on prostatic carcinoma in transgenic mice. Urology. 2002 Nov;60(5):919-24. PMID: 12429338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Melanoma growth is reduced in fat-1 transgenic mice: impact of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Xia S, Lu Y, Wang J, He C, Hong S, Serhan CN, Kang JX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12499-504. Epub 2006 Aug 3. PMID: 16888035 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605394103 In vitro experiments showed that addition of the n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid or PGE(3) inhibited the growth of B16 cell line and increased the expression of PTEN, which could be partially attenuated by inhibition of PGE(3) production, suggesting that PGE(3) may act as an antitumor mediator. These data demonstrate an anticancer (antimelanoma) effect of n-3 fatty acids through, at least in part, activation of PTEN pathway mediated by PGE(3).