If you are sexually active, practice safe sex. Correct use of latex condoms can help prevent transmission of HBV, but even when used correctly, condoms are not 100% effective at preventing transmission. Men who have sex with men should be vaccinated against both hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
If you inject drugs, don't share needles or other equipment.
Don't share anything (including grooming products) that might have blood on it, such as a razor, toothbrush, fingernail clippers, etc.
Think about the health risks if you are planning to get a tattoo or body piercing. You can become infected if the artist or person piercing you does not sterilize needles and equipment, use disposable gloves, or wash hands properly
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Hepatitis B (HBV, Hep B) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment - Hepatitis B Prevention - eMedici... - 0 views
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Hepatitis A Prevention - Mayo Clinic - 0 views
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All children at age 1, or older children who didn't receive the vaccine at age 1 Laboratory workers who may come in contact with hepatitis A Men who have sex with men People planning travel to areas of the world with high rates of hepatitis A People who use illegal drugs, injected and noninjected People who receive treatment with clotting-factor concentrates People with chronic liver disease
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The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection with the virus. The hepatitis A vaccine is typically given in two doses
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Flu in Children: How It Spreads, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, Prevention - 0 views
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A high-grade fever up to 104 degrees FChills and shakes with the feverExtreme tirednessHeadache and body achesDry, hacking coughSore throatVomiting and belly pain
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The best way is to get a yearly vaccination. The CDC says all people 6 months and older should get one. Healthy children over 2 years old who don't wheeze or don't have a history of asthma can get the nasal spray influenza vaccine. Otherwise, children 6 months and older should get a flu shot.Pregnant women and caregivers of children younger than 6 months or of children with certain health conditions should get the shot.
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highly contagious, particularly when kids share close quarters like they do in school classrooms
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Highly contagious often spread in schools. If schools were cleaner or kids stayed home there would be less outbreaks.
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CDC Telebriefing: Status of Serogroup B Meningitis Cases in the United States | CDC New... - 1 views
www.cdc.gov/...25-serogroup-b-meningitis.html
cdc status cases united states meningitis HSA Challenge1
shared by msmith365 on 17 Sep 15
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So, I’m going to give a basic overview of meningococcal disease, and provide you with some facts which can help families and providers understand and be aware of potential of meningococcal disease of students traveling home for the holidays. Meningococcal disease can be devastating and can strike otherwise healthy individuals. Every case of meningococcal disease really causes increased concern. But outbreaks cause an especially high amount of anxiety.
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Princeton and UC Santa Barbara
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serogroup B meningococcal disease
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Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis
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ent. Our universities—many universities have very high coverage with the licensed and recommended vaccine that protects against serogroup C and Y. So we started to see fewer cases of serogroup C and Y meningococcal disease and more cases of serogroup B disease.
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Reports of this disease is more common in the winter months. Typically almost all cases of meningococcal disease are sporadic. Very few cases occur as part of our -- as part of an outbreak in terms of the total number of cases we see in the United States. But we do see a couple of meningococcal disease outbreaks typically every year.
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Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which is known as the meninges.
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Septicemia is an infection of the blood stream, and septicemia causes bleeding in the skin and organs and is often when we see complications from meningococcal disease that are not neurologic, it's frequently caused by septicemia.
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bout 15 percent of survivors have long term disabilities such as loss of limbs, deafness, nervous system problems, or brain damage. Early recognition and early treatment of meningococcal disease is key to reduce the long-term sequelae.
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ten difficult to diagnose meningococcal disease because often the first signs and symptoms are similar to the flu
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even with antibiotic treatment, people die in about 10 to 15 percent of cases of meningococcal disea
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Vaccination is the best way to prevent meningococcal disease when it's a vaccine preventable strain. Hand washing and covering your coughs or sneezes is also a good practice to follow. It's critical everybody be aware of the signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease and to seek treatment immediately.
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igns and symptoms of meningococcal disease include rapid onset of high fever, headache, and stiff neck. And when we say headache, we mean it's among the worst headaches that somebody's had in their life. And with the stiff neck, they really can't move their neck, or they can't, for example, touch their chin to their neck. Towards their chest, excuse me. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion, exhaustion, and sometimes a rash.
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eningococcal bacteria are harder to spread than viruses
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don't live long outside the body.
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pread through the exchange of respiratory secretions.
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oommates who spend a lot of time together, are potential close contacts of a case of meningococcal disease.
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about 10 percent of people, not just in outbreaks, but all over in the United States, carry these bacteria in the back of their nose or throat and don't ever develop symptoms. This is known as carriage or being a carrier.
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nce a person becomes a carrier, most people develop immunity and the bacteria disappear from their nose and throat and then they're no longer a carrier. But rarely, the bacteria invades the blood stream and this is what happens when a person develops the disease.
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most cases of meningococcal disease appear to be random and aren't directly linked to each other. Even in the case of an outbreak—the cases are not occurring among close contact with each other, it's happening in an organization or community.
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he most common one circulating in the United States are serogroups B, C and Y.
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e don't have a vaccine in the U.S. licensed to protect against serogroup B, which is the cause of the cases at Princeton University and UC Santa Barbara.
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Cases are reported quickly, meningococcal disease is highly recognized, and reported to health departments.
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CDC defines an outbreak of meningococcal disease of three or more cases in three months that can't be connected to each other.
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these outbreaks occur in a certain population, like school or organizations. Most outbreaks of this disease are self-limited and no more than three or four cases occur. However, when cases continue to occur over several-month period, like what is happening at Princeton University, intervention is required to reduce the length of the outbreak.
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equesting use of vaccine for additional outbreaks when needed.
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Partners are working hard to organize potential serogroup B vaccine campaigns at Princeton University as quickly as possible.
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o there's all sorts of quality things that are happening to make sure that the vaccine arrives and can be used safely and effectively.
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Therefore, we are sending out a health alert to providers and state and local health departments, which will hopefully increase awareness for providers to consider meningococcal disease in their differential diagnosis, if a student presents with symptoms from one of these two universities.
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Serogroup is definitely a scientific word to describe the type of capsule around the meningococcal. You can use the word strain when we describe different serogroups. The word strain would be the b strain or c strain. When we're talking about whether or not strains are linked to each other, there we do additional molecular testing which looks at more than the capsule to see if the strains are the same. For example, we know that the strains that have caused all of the cases in -- at Princeton are identical. That's what helps us understand if an outbreak is being caused by one strain. And that doesn't necessarily mean you could have the same serogroup, but the strains could look a little different.
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f anything, it's just sorting reminding people to use good normal hygiene practices, such as washing your hands and coughing and sneezing into your arm. And sort of having increased awareness for good hygiene practices.
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ases really do occur in this university setting where there's probably a very specific pattern of transmission among college students. So we really don't have evidence to suggest that kids going home for Thanksgiving will be spreading the strain into those communities.
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here have been seven confirmed serogroup B cases at Princeton University, and one additional case in which additional testing is being conducted right now. And there are three cases at UC Santa Barbara.
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But more people are carriers than there are actually cases. I see what your question is, why are we not then worried about it spreading into the community. We don't have a good -- we don't have a great understanding of the organism and how it spreads. But what we do understand is that outbreaks really haven’t spread from universities into communities in the past. There have been community outbreaks of meningococcal disease. But we haven't seen cases occurring in universities expanding into those communities.
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So in most of our outbreaks, we see about three or four cases occur in a couple of month period of time and then we don't see additional cases. Depending on the size of the college or organization in which the outbreak is occurring, those attack rates usually range anywhere from 10 to 20 per 100,000. So one to two cases per 1,000 people at the university.
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Health officials follow up with a patient to see if they've come into close contact and then they recommend preventive antibiotics to close contacts.
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What Is Meningitis? Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Meningitis Causes - 0 views
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Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges (men-in'-jeez) -- that cover the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis can be deadly and contagious among people in close contact.
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Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body, such as in the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. Less common causes of meningitis include fungal infection, autoimmune disorders, and medications.
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Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges (men-in'-jeez) -- that cover the brain and spinal cord
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it can lead to death within hours -- or lead to permanent damage to the brain and other parts of the body.
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The most common bacteria causing meningitis in children and adults in the U.S
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Meningitis | Non-Infectious Meningitis | CDC - 0 views
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Non–infectious meningitis causes includeCancersSystemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)Certain drugsHead injuryBrain surgery
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can be caused by cancers, systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), certain drugs, head injury, and brain surgery.
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meningitis is not spread from person to person.
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NauseaVomitingPhotophobia (sensitivity to light)Altered mental status (confusion)
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Meningitis | Viral | CDC - 0 views
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis.
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s often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people usually get better on their own (without treatment). However, infants younger than 1 month old and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to have severe illness.
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ou can get viral meningitis at any age. However, some people have a higher risk of getting the disease, includingchildren younger than five years old, andpeople with weakened immune systems caused by diseases, medications (such as chemotherapy), and recent organ or bone marrow transplantations.
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f you have close contact with a person who has viral meningitis, you may become infected with the virus that made that person sick. However, you are not likely to develop meningitis as a complication of the illness.
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n infant
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FeverIrritabilityPoor eatingSleepiness or trouble waking up from sleepLethargy (a lack of energy)
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n adults
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FeverHeadacheStiff neckSensitivity to bright lightSleepiness or trouble waking up from sleepNauseaVomitingLack of appetiteLethargy (a lack of energy)
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n most cases, there is no specific treatment for viral meningitis. Most people who get viral meningitis completely recover on their own within 7 to 10 days. However, people with meningitis caused by certain viruses such as herpesvirus and influenza, may benefit from treatment with an antiviral medication.
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PreventionThere are no vaccin
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Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after changing diapers, using the toilet, or coughing or blowing your nose.Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.Avoid close contact such as kissing, hugging, or sharing cups or eating utensils with people who are sick.Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your upper shirt sleeve, not your hands.Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as toys and doorknobs, especially if someone is sick.Stay home when you are sick.
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Meningitis | Home | CDC - 2 views
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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may develop in response to a number of causes, usually bacteria or viruses
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but meningitis can also be caused by physical injury, cancer or certain drugs.
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it is important to know the specific cause of meningitis.
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Having meningitis doesn't always mean you have meningococcal disease
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having meningococcal disease doesn’t necessarily mean you have meningitis
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Meningococcal disease is any infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, or meningococcus
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Bacterial meningitis is contagious
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spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions (i.e., kissing
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contamination
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, are most often spread from person to person through fecal contamination
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can occur when changing a diaper
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or using the toilet and not properly washing hands afterwards), but enteroviruses can also be spread via eye, nose, and mouth secretions (such as saliva, nasal mucus, or sputum), or blister fluid.
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cause of meningitis
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Meningitis
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The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
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usually bacteria or viruses, but meningitis can also be caused by physical injury, cancer or certain drugs.
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Bacterial meningitis is contagious.
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Enteroviruses, the most common cause of viral meningitis, are most often spread from person to person through fecal contamination
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges.
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differ depending on the cause.
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"...life-threatening infections...immediate medical attention."
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not likely to develop meningitis as a complication of the illness.
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respiratory and throat secretions (i.e., by kissing)
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-
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.Meningitis may develop in response to a number of causes, usually bacteria or viruses, but meningitis can also be caused by physical injury, cancer or certain drugs.The severity of illness and the treatment for meningitis differ depending on the cause. Thus, it is important to know the specific cause of meningitis.
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges.
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contact with a person who has viral meningitis, you may become infected with the virus
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Four cases of meningococcal disease have been reported
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exchange of
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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U.S. participants are at low risk
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Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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July 28 – August 8, 2015
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Any infection caused by that bacteria is known as meningococcal disease
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One serious infection it can cause is meningococcal meningitis.
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Meningitis in Adults: Find Out About Causes and Signs - 1 views
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Meningitis can be caused by a variety of things, including bacteria (the most serious cases), viruses, fungi, reactions to medications, and environmental toxins such as heavy metals.
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Meningitis: Types, Treatment, & Prevention - 0 views
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges.
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may occur when fluid surrounding the meninges becomes infected.
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membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.
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Description Types Symptoms Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Complications Prevention Read This Next Part 1 of 8: DescriptionWhat Is Meningitis?
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges.
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membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges.
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the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.
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may occur when fluid surrounding the meninges becomes infected.
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s contagious.
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most common causes of meningitis are viral and bacterial infections.
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most common causes of meningitis are viral and bacterial infections.
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is contagious.
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can be transmitted by coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Other causes include: cancer chemical irritation fungi drug allergies Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency.
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can be transmitted by coughing, sneezing, or close contact. Other causes include: cancer chemical irritation fungi drug allergies
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can be fatal
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Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. It can be fatal.
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Meningococcal Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Vaccines - 0 views
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a rare but serious infection.
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the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed.
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approximately 1,000 people in the U.S. get meningococcal
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can be fatal or cause great
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harm without prompt treatment;
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about 15% of those who survive are left with disabilities that include deafness, brain damage, and neurological problems.
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the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis
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Bacteria and viruses are the two main causes of meningitis.
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In children and teens, meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. In adults, it is the second most common cause.
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may cause infection in a part of the body -- the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract, for instance.
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then spread through the bloodstream to the nervous system
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can also enter the nervous system directly after severe head trauma, surgery, or infection.
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Symptoms of meningococcal meningitis may vary from case to case. The more common signs and symptoms include: General poor feeling Sudden high fever Severe, persistent headache Neck stiffness Nausea or vomiting Discomfort in bright lights Drowsiness or difficulty awakening Joint pain Confusion or other mental changes A reddish or purple skin rashis a very important sign to watch for.
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may be a sign of blood poisoning.
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does not turn white when you press a glass against it,
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a medical emergency.
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Other symptoms of meningitis or blood poisoning may include: Tense or bulging soft spot (in babies) High-pitched or moaning cry (in babies) Stiff, jerky movements or floppiness (in babies or toddlers) Irritability Fast breathing Lethargy or excessive sleepiness Blotchy skin, turning pale or blue Shivering, or cold hands and feet Seizure
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A deadly meningitis outbreak is targeting the gay community. Are hookup apps to blame? - 1 views
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A new strain of the disease has been spreading in New York City, targeting the gay community. In the past three years, 22 people have been infected with the bacteria. Seven died. All of them were men who have sex with men. And all of them used hookup apps link
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Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis - 0 views
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The initial treatment approach to the patient with suspected acute bacterial meningitis depends on early recognition of the meningitis syndrome, rapid diagnostic evaluation, and emergent antimicrobial and adjunctive therapy
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1918 influenza pandemic: Web focus : Nature - 1 views
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In 1918, a highly virulent form of the influenza virus killed at least 20 million people worldwide. Understanding the origin of the virus that caused this pandemic has been a long-standing goal because of the risk that a similar virus could arise and devastate human populations today.
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Meningitis | About Bacterial Meningitis Infection | CDC - 5 views
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Green - basic info blue- terms / lists yellow- amounts / numbers pink- dates / important points
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e most people with meningitis recover
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2003–2007
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brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
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several pathogens
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in the United State
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Haemophilus influenzae (most often caused by type b, Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Neisseria meningitidis.
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4,100 cases of bacterial meningitis,
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500 deaths,
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complications
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increase
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Infants are at higher risk for bacterial meningitis than people in other age groups.
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people of any age are at risk.
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diseases, medications, and surgical procedures
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spread more quickly where larger groups of people
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College freshmen living in residence halls and military personnel
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increased
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Certain medical condition
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Community setting
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Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
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Microbiologists
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Travel
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preventive antibiotics
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not as contagious as viruses that cause the common cold or the flu.
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close or long contact with a sick person in the same household or daycare center
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direct contact with a patient's oral secretions
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boyfriend or girlfriend)
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(e.g., by kissing) of respiratory and throat secretions (e.g., saliva or mucus).
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higher risk of getting disease
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Healthy people can carry the bacteria in their nose or throat without getting sick. Rarely, these bacteria can invade the body and cause disease. Most people who ‘carry’ the bacteria never become sick.
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Nausea, Vomiting, Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), and Altered mental status (confusion).
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within 3-7 days after exposure.
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higher risk
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abies younger than 1 month
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may be absent or difficult to notice.
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samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (near the spinal cord)
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for the entire family if a family member develops severe Hib infection and there’s a high-risk person in the house.
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s soon as possible
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below 15%, although the risk remains higher among young infants and the elderly.
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complete the recommended vaccine schedule.
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treated effectively with antibiotics.
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The most effective way to protect you and your child against certain types of bacterial meningitis is to complete the recommended vaccine schedule.
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Age GroupCausesNewbornsGroup B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesInfants and ChildrenStreptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type bAdolescents and Young AdultsNeisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniaeOlder AdultsStreptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes
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ually severe.
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Bacterial meningitis is us
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Meningitis Causes - Mayo Clinic - 2 views
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Meningitis usually results from a viral infection, but the cause may also be a bacterial infection. Less commonly, a fungal infection may cause meningitis. Because bacterial infections are the most serious and can be life-threatening, identifying the source of the infection is an important part of developing a treatment plan.
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Acute bacterial meningitis usually occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and migrate to the brain and spinal cord.
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also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges, as a result of an ear or sinus infection, or a skull fracture, or rarely, after some surgeries.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
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Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus).
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Haemophilus influenzae (haemophilus).
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Listeria monocytogenes (listeria).
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Other meningitis causes
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Chronic meningitis
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Fungal meningitis
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viruses cause a greater number of cases of meningitis than do bacteria. Viral meningitis is usually mild and often clears on its own. A group of viruses known as enteroviruses is responsible for most viral meningitis cases in the United States. These viruses tend to circulate in late summer and early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West Nile virus and others also can cause viral meningitis.
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A number of strains of bacteria can cause acute bacterial meningitis.
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meningitis in infants, young children and adults in the United States
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Chronic forms of meningitis occur when slow-growing organisms invade the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain
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Signs, symptoms of Meningitis - WSMV Channel 4 - 0 views
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You've probably heard meningitis called either a viral or bacterial infection, but you may not know the difference between the two. Viral meningitis is usually caused by another viral disease such as the flu and is much more common than the bacterial form. Viral meningitis is considered extremely contagious, but doctors say it's rarely fatal. Patients usually show symptoms for a week or two, then see a full recovery. Bacterial meningitis On the other hand, bacterial meningitis is considered a critical illness that is usually caused by an internal infection and can worsen in a matter of hours. Complications could cause permanent hearing or vision loss, brain damage, paralysis and even death. Bacterial meningitis is usually only spread by coughing or sneezing
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Meningitis - 0 views
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The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is surrounded by cerebrospinal
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fluid
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his fluid acts to cushion and protect the central nervous system when you
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move around. Even more protection is given by the meninges
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which are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
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Meningitis
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is a disease involving inflammation (swelling), or irritation, of the meninges. There are different kinds of meningitis, but most of the time it is caused by germs, especially viruses.
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Meningitis gets attention because it not only makes a person feel sick, it can have lasting effects on a person's ability to think and learn. It also can cause hearing loss
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and usually even if someone comes across a virus or bacteria that can cause meningitis, the body can fight it off.
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Most of the time, these germs don't cause any illness. In fact, some of them, like some of the bacteria normally found in the intestines, help the body to work properly. However, some germs do cause infections.
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If a person gets an infection, the body's immune system will go to work to fight it. That's why you might feel sick one day, but then you start to feel better. The immune system is doing its job.
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