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msmith365

CDC Telebriefing: Status of Serogroup B Meningitis Cases in the United States | CDC New... - 1 views

www.cdc.gov/...25-serogroup-b-meningitis.html

cdc status cases united states meningitis HSA Challenge1

shared by msmith365 on 17 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • So, I’m going to give a basic overview of meningococcal disease, and provide you with some facts which can help families and providers understand and be aware of potential of meningococcal disease of students traveling home for the holidays.  Meningococcal disease can be devastating and can strike otherwise healthy individuals.  Every case of meningococcal disease really causes increased concern.  But outbreaks cause an especially high amount of anxiety.
  • Princeton and UC Santa Barbara
  • serogroup B meningococcal disease
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis
  • ent.  Our universities—many universities have very high coverage with the licensed and recommended vaccine that protects against serogroup C and Y. So we started to see fewer cases of serogroup C and Y meningococcal disease and more cases of serogroup B disease.
  • Reports of this disease is more common in the winter months.  Typically almost all cases of meningococcal disease are sporadic.  Very few cases occur as part of our -- as part of an outbreak in terms of the total number of cases we see in the United States.  But we do see a couple of meningococcal disease outbreaks typically every year.
  • Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which is known as the meninges. 
  • Septicemia is an infection of the blood stream, and septicemia causes bleeding in the skin and organs and is often when we see complications from meningococcal disease that are not neurologic, it's frequently caused by septicemia.
  • bout 15 percent of survivors have long term disabilities such as loss of limbs, deafness, nervous system problems, or brain damage.  Early recognition and early treatment of meningococcal disease is key to reduce the long-term sequelae. 
  • ten difficult to diagnose meningococcal disease because often the first signs and symptoms are similar to the flu
  • even with antibiotic treatment, people die in about 10 to 15 percent of cases of meningococcal disea
  • Vaccination is the best way to prevent meningococcal disease when it's a vaccine preventable strain.  Hand washing and covering your coughs or sneezes is also a good practice to follow.  It's critical everybody be aware of the signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease and to seek treatment immediately. 
  • igns and symptoms of meningococcal disease include rapid onset of high fever, headache, and stiff neck.  And when we say headache, we mean it's among the worst headaches that somebody's had in their life.  And with the stiff neck, they really can't move their neck, or they can't, for example, touch their chin to their neck.  Towards their chest, excuse me.  Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, confusion, exhaustion, and sometimes a rash.
  • eningococcal bacteria are harder to spread than viruses
  • don't live long outside the body. 
  • pread through the exchange of respiratory secretions. 
  • oommates who spend a lot of time together, are potential close contacts of a case of meningococcal disease.
  • about 10 percent of people, not just in outbreaks, but all over in the United States, carry these bacteria in the back of their nose or throat and don't ever develop symptoms.  This is known as carriage or being a carrier.
  • nce a person becomes a carrier, most people develop immunity and the bacteria disappear from their nose and throat and then they're no longer a carrier.  But rarely, the bacteria invades the blood stream and this is what happens when a person develops the disease.
  • most cases of meningococcal disease appear to be random and aren't directly linked to each other.  Even in the case of an outbreak—the cases are not occurring among close contact with each other, it's happening in an organization or community. 
  • he most common one circulating in the United States are serogroups B, C and Y. 
  • e don't have a vaccine in the U.S. licensed to protect against serogroup B, which is the cause of the cases at Princeton University and UC Santa Barbara. 
  • Cases are reported quickly, meningococcal disease is highly recognized, and reported to health departments. 
  • CDC defines an outbreak of meningococcal disease of three or more cases in three months that can't be connected to each other.
  • these outbreaks occur in a certain population, like school or organizations.  Most outbreaks of this disease are self-limited and no more than three or four cases occur.  However, when cases continue to occur over several-month period, like what is happening at Princeton University, intervention is required to reduce the length of the outbreak. 
  • equesting use of vaccine for additional outbreaks when needed.
  • Partners are working hard to organize potential serogroup B vaccine campaigns at Princeton University as quickly as possible. 
  • o there's all sorts of quality things that are happening to make sure that the vaccine arrives and can be used safely and effectively.
  • Therefore, we are sending out a health alert to providers and state and local health departments, which will hopefully increase awareness for providers to consider meningococcal disease in their differential diagnosis, if a student presents with symptoms from one of these two universities. 
  • Serogroup is definitely a scientific word to describe the type of capsule around the meningococcal.  You can use the word strain when we describe different serogroups.  The word strain would be the b strain or c strain.  When we're talking about whether or not strains are linked to each other, there we do additional molecular testing which looks at more than the capsule to see if the strains are the same.  For example, we know that the strains that have caused all of the cases in -- at Princeton are identical.  That's what helps us understand if an outbreak is being caused by one strain.  And that doesn't necessarily mean you could have the same serogroup, but the strains could look a little different. 
  • f anything, it's just sorting reminding people to use good normal hygiene practices, such as washing your hands and coughing and sneezing into your arm.  And sort of having increased awareness for good hygiene practices. 
  • ases really do occur in this university setting where there's probably a very specific pattern of transmission among college students.  So we really don't have evidence to suggest that kids going home for Thanksgiving will be spreading the strain into those communities. 
  • here have been seven confirmed serogroup B cases at Princeton University, and one additional case in which additional testing is being conducted right now.  And there are three cases at UC Santa Barbara. 
  • But more people are carriers than there are actually cases.  I see what your question is, why are we not then worried about it spreading into the community.  We don't have a good -- we don't have a great understanding of the organism and how it spreads.  But what we do understand is that outbreaks really haven’t spread from universities into communities in the past.  There have been community outbreaks of meningococcal disease.  But we haven't seen cases occurring in universities expanding into those communities. 
  • So in most of our outbreaks, we see about three or four cases occur in a couple of month period of time and then we don't see additional cases.  Depending on the size of the college or organization in which the outbreak is occurring, those attack rates usually range anywhere from 10 to 20 per 100,000.  So one to two cases per 1,000 people at the university. 
  • Health officials follow up with a patient to see if they've come into close contact and then they recommend preventive antibiotics to close contacts.
  • msmith365 on 17 Sep 15
     
    A recorded debriefing on recent trends of Meningitis by CDC officials
abrown844

Meningitis Prevention - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20019713

shared by abrown844 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis typically results from contagious infections.
  • prevent meningitis:
  • Wash your hands.
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • especially before they eat and after using the toilet, spending time in a crowded public place or petting animals.
  • Practice good hygiene.
  • Don't share drinks, foods, straws, eating utensils, lip balms or toothbrushes with anyone else.
  • Maintain your immune system by getting enough rest, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
  • Stay healthy.
  • Cover your mouth.
  • When you need to cough or sneeze, be sure to cover your mouth and nose.
  • f you're pregnant, take care with food.
  • Reduce your risk of listeriosis if you're pregnant by cooking meat
  • avoiding soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, including feta, queso, Brie and Camembert.
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine.
  • vaccine is also recommended for some adults, including those who have sickle cell disease or AIDS and those who don't have a spleen.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).
  • for children younger than 2 years in the United States.
  • for children between the ages of 2 and 5 who are at high risk of pneumococcal disease,
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y vaccine (Hib-MenCY)
  • for children younger than 19 months, but not younger than 6 weeks
  • vaccine is given in four doses, at age 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between ages 12 months and 15 months.
  • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)
  • for all adults older than 65, for younger adults and children who have weak immune systems or chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes or sickle cell anemia, and for those who don't have a spleen.
  • t's approved for use in children as young as 9 months old.
  • MCV4 be given to children ages 11 to 12, with a booster shot given at age 16.
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4).
  • meningitis can spread through coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing eating utensils, a toothbrush or a cigarette
  • Show them how to wash their hands vigorously
  • covering
  • front and back of each hand with soap and rinsing thoroughly under running water.
  • Teach children and teens to avoid sharing these items too.
  • Don't eat these types of cheeses unless they're clearly labeled that they were made with pasteurized milk.
  • Children in the United States routinely receive this vaccine as part of the recommended
  • Older children and adults who need protection from pneumococcal bacteria may receive this vaccine
  • If the vaccine is first given between ages 13 and 15, the booster shot is recommended between 16 and 18.
  • If the first shot is given at 16 or older, no booster is necessary.
  • Careful hand-washing is important to avoiding exposure to infectious agents.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 08 Sep 14
       
      ALWAYS wash your hands.
  • Wash your hands
  • schedule of vaccines, starting at about 2 months of age.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 14 Sep 14
       
      Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccine. Children in the U.S. routinely receive the vaccine.
rivera627

Meningitis Causes - Mayo Clinic - 2 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20019713

Meningitis causes

shared by rivera627 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis usually results from a viral infection, but the cause may also be a bacterial infection. Less commonly, a fungal infection may cause meningitis. Because bacterial infections are the most serious and can be life-threatening, identifying the source of the infection is an important part of developing a treatment plan.
  • Acute bacterial meningitis usually occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and migrate to the brain and spinal cord.
  • also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges, as a result of an ear or sinus infection, or a skull fracture, or rarely, after some surgeries.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
  • Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus).
  • Haemophilus influenzae (haemophilus).
  • Listeria monocytogenes (listeria).
  • Other meningitis causes
  • Chronic meningitis
  • Fungal meningitis
  • viruses cause a greater number of cases of meningitis than do bacteria. Viral meningitis is usually mild and often clears on its own. A group of viruses known as enteroviruses is responsible for most viral meningitis cases in the United States. These viruses tend to circulate in late summer and early fall. Viruses such as herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West Nile virus and others also can cause viral meningitis.
  • A number of strains of bacteria can cause acute bacterial meningitis.
  • meningitis in infants, young children and adults in the United States
  • Chronic forms of meningitis occur when slow-growing organisms invade the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain
acerda265

Meningococcal | Community Settings Risk Factors | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...risk-community.html

meningitis HSA challenge 1 second period college prevention

shared by acerda265 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • College students, especially first-year college students living in residence halls, are at a slightly increased risk for meningococcal disease compared with other persons of the same age. Many states have adopted legislation requiring colleges to provide information on risks of meningococcal disease to incoming students and/or students residing on campus, and some have mandated vaccination for certain students, unless a vaccination waiver is provided.
  • First-year college students living in residence halls are recommended to be vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • within 5 years
  • The risk for meningococcal disease among non-first-year college students is similar to that for the general population. However, the vaccine is safe and effective and therefore can be provided to non-first-year college students.
ddail172

Meningitis, Bacterial Meningitis | Patient.co.uk - 0 views

www.patient.co.uk/...meningitis-pro

prevention meningitis patient bacterial

shared by ddail172 on 03 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • eningitis occurs in people of all age groups but infants, young
  • he epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the UK has changed dramatically over a period of two decades following the introduction of vaccines to control
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b, serogroup C meningococcus and pneumococcal disease
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • atients having spinal procedures (eg, spinal anaesthetics) are at increased risk and Pseudomonas spp. may then be the cause.
  • Other risk factors include bacterial endocarditis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and cirrhosis, intravenous drug abuse, renal insufficiency, adrenal insufficiency, malignancy (increased risk of listerial infection), hypoparathyroidism, thalassaemia major and cystic fibrosis.
  • Crowding (eg, military recruits and college students) increases the risk of outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis.
  • Neonat
  • fants and young children: H. influenzae type b, if younger than 4 years and unvaccinated; Neisseria me
  • Hospital-acquired and post-traumatic meningitis
  • N. meningitidis: usually local outbreaks among young adults
  • Meningococcal meningitis is endemic in parts of Africa, India and other developing nations.
  • Neonates are at greater risk of meningitis
  • ow birth weight (below 2500 g),
  • premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, traumatic delivery, fetal hypoxia and maternal peripartum infection.
  • iral infec
  • on - eg, mumps, echovirus, Coxsackievirus, HSV and herpes zoster virus, HIV, measles, influenza, arboviruses.[10] 
  • Fungal infection:
  • alignant cells (leukaemia, lymphoma, other tumours).
  • Chemical meningitis (intrathecal drugs, contaminants).
  • Fever, headache.
  • tiff neck
  • Altered mental state, unconsciousness, toxic/moribund state
  • hock:
  • Kernig's sign
  • rudzinski's sign
  • Paresis, focal neurological deficits
  • eizures.
  • Vaccination against H. influenzae type b, meningococcus group C and S. pneumoniae. Appropriate prophylaxis of people in close contact with those diagnosed
  • ddail172 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Prevention of meningitis that s very organized
kayanking

Vaccines: VPD-VAC/Mening/main page - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...default.htm

shared by kayanking on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Meningococcal vaccines are now available
  • help protect against all three serogroups of meningococcal disease
  • most commonly seen in the United States (serogroups B, C and Y), but they will not prevent all cases
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccines (Menactra®, MenHibrix® and Menveo®)
  • Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Menomune®)
  • Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines (Bexsero® and Trumenba®)
  • Trade name Type of Vaccine Meningococcal Serogroups Covered Bexsero® Recombinant B Menactra® Conjugate A, C, W, Y MenHibrix® Conjugate C, Y (and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]) Menomune® Polysaccharide A, C, W, Y Menveo® Conjugate A, C, W, Y Trumenba® Recombinant B
  • The following vaccines help prevent meningococcal disease: meningococcal conjugate, meningococcal polysaccharide, and serogroup B meningococcal vaccines.
  • As with all vaccines, there can be minor reactions, including pain and redness at the injection site, headache, fatigue or discomfort after meningococcal vaccines.
  • Who Should Not Be Vaccinated?
  • Vaccine Recommendations
yarelisfl

Meningococcal | Vaccination | CDC - 0 views

www.cdc.gov/...vaccine-info.html

Meningitis

shared by yarelisfl on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Vaccines are now available that help protect against all three serogroups (B, C, and Y) of meningococcal disease that are commonly seen in the United States:
  • yarelisfl on 03 Sep 15
     
    A solution
tjohnson472

Meningitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...000680.htm

meningitis symptoms

shared by tjohnson472 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This covering is called the meninges.
  • The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections.
  • They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Chemical irritationDrug allergiesFungiParasitesTumors
  • It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall.
  • Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include:
  • Haemophilus vaccine (HiB vaccine) given to children helpsPneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adultsMeningococcal vaccines is given to children and adults; some communities hold vaccination campaigns after an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis. Household members and others in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent becoming infected.
  • Fever and chills, especially in newborns and childrenMental status changesNausea and vomitingSensitivity to light (photophobia)Severe headacheStiff neck (meningismus)
  • Fluids through a vein (IV)Medicines to treat symptoms, such as brain swelling, shock, and seizures
  • Without prompt treatment
  • Brain damageBuildup of fluid between the skull and brain (subdural effusion)Hearing lossHydrocephalusSeizures
  • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis
  • any types of viruses can cause meningitis:Enteroviruses: These are viruses that also can cause intestinal illness.Herpes viruses: These are the same viruses that can cause cold sores and genital herpes. However, people with cold sores or genital herpes do not have a higher chance of developing herpes meningitis.Mumps and HIV viruses can cause aseptic meningitis.West Nile virus: This virus is spread by mosquito bites and has become a cause of viral meningitis in most of the United States.
  • the provider thinks you have meningitis, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) should be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing.Other tests that may be done include:Blood cultureChest x-rayCT scan of the head
  • tjohnson472 on 06 Sep 15
     
    "Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck"
msmith365

Meningitis | About Bacterial Meningitis Infection | CDC - 5 views

www.cdc.gov/...bacterial.html

shared by msmith365 on 02 Sep 14 - No Cached
    • hfaulk766
      hfaulk766 on 02 Sep 14
       
      Green - basic info  blue- terms / lists yellow- amounts / numbers pink- dates / important points
  • e most people with meningitis recover
  • 2003–2007
  • ...42 more annotations...
  • brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
  • several pathogens
  • in the United State
  • Haemophilus influenzae (most often caused by type b, Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Neisseria meningitidis.
  • 4,100 cases of bacterial meningitis,
  • 500 deaths,
  • complications
  • increase
  • Infants are at higher risk for bacterial meningitis than people in other age groups.
  • people of any age are at risk.
  • diseases, medications, and surgical procedures
  • spread more quickly where larger groups of people
  • College freshmen living in residence halls and military personnel
  • increased
  • Certain medical condition
  • Community setting
  • Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
  • Microbiologists
  • Travel
  • preventive antibiotics
  • not as contagious as viruses that cause the common cold or the flu.
  • close or long contact with a sick person in the same household or daycare center
  • direct contact with a patient's oral secretions
  • boyfriend or girlfriend)
  • (e.g., by kissing) of respiratory and throat secretions (e.g., saliva or mucus).
  • higher risk of getting disease
  • Healthy people can carry the bacteria in their nose or throat without getting sick. Rarely, these bacteria can invade the body and cause disease. Most people who ‘carry’ the bacteria never become sick.
  • Nausea, Vomiting, Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), and Altered mental status (confusion).
  • within 3-7 days after exposure.
  • higher risk
  • abies younger than 1 month
  • may be absent or difficult to notice.
  • samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (near the spinal cord)
  • for the entire family if a family member develops severe Hib infection and there’s a high-risk person in the house.
  • s soon as possible
  • below 15%, although the risk remains higher among young infants and the elderly.
  • complete the recommended vaccine schedule.
  • treated effectively with antibiotics.
  • The most effective way to protect you and your child against certain types of bacterial meningitis is to complete the recommended vaccine schedule.
  • Age GroupCausesNewbornsGroup B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenesInfants and ChildrenStreptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type bAdolescents and Young AdultsNeisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniaeOlder AdultsStreptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes
  • ually severe.
  • Bacterial meningitis is us
  • hfaulk766 on 02 Sep 14
     
    Notes on Meningitis/ post one /CDC
  • Mikeria Busby on 03 Sep 15
     
    Meningitis happens in kids very often.
shaneep110

Meningococcal meningitis - Prevention - 0 views

www.medmerits.com/...P6

EnglishII HSA MeningitisGoogleGroup Challenge1

shared by shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      The first paragraph and maybe the second/third are the only ones of value.
  • Meningococcal disease risk can be decreased by approximately 90% in household contacts of a patient by administration of antibiotics known to eradicate meningococcal carriage
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Meningococcal - Inflammation of the meninges due to infection with the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
  • hemoprophylaxis significantly decreased the risk of meningococcal disease for household contacts with a risk ratio of 0.11 for those receiving chemoprophylaxis
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      chemoprophylaxis - the use of drugs to prevent disease.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • This is based on a meta-analysis of 4 retrospective studies and one small trial with 1249 cases of meningococcal disease and more than 4200 household contacts
  • In the United States, antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis is the primary means for prevention of meningococcal disease among close contacts of a patient with invasive meningococcal disease
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      antimicrobial - an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth. 
  • The number needed to treat to prevent a single secondary household case was 218
  • (Purcell et al 2004). T
  • herefore, chemoprophylaxis should be recommended for the index patient with meningococcal disease and all household contacts within 24 hours of diagnosis of the primary case.
  • There are no high quality experimental trials addressing control policies for meningococcal disease and no adequate studies of chemoprophylaxis in day care settings. Nevertheless, current management guidelines support chemoprophylaxis within 24 hours for all close contacts
  • Chemoprophylaxis administered more than 14 days after contact with an index case is probably of no value. Also, chemoprophylaxis does not protect against subsequent reacquisition of N meningitidis.
  • Close Contacts Warranting Chemoprophylaxis for Meningococcal Disease
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      New Title: ways of transmission 
  • Persons having contact with patient’s oral secretions during 7 days prior to disease onset
  • -- Kissing -- Sharing of toothbrushes -- Sharing of eating utensils -- Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation -- Unprotected contact during endotracheal intubation
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Unprotected Sex
  • Persons at Low Risk for Whom Chemoprophylaxis is Not Recommended
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      New Title: Low Risk People
  • Casual contact (eg, at school or work) without direct exposure to patient’s oral secretions Indirect contact only (ie, only contact is with a high-risk contact and not a case) Health care worker without direct exposure to patient’s oral secretions
  • Rifampin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Rifampin - a reddish-brown antibiotic used chiefly to treat tuberculosis and leprosy. ceftriaxone - Treats infections caused by certain types of bacteria. This medicine is a cephalosporin antibiotic.  cephalosporin - any of a group of semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics resembling penicillin. ciprofloxacin - This medicine is a quinolone antibiotic that treats infections and is given to people who have been exposed to anthrax. quinolone - any of a class of antibiotics used in treating a variety of mainly Gram-negative infections, and thought to be responsible for antibiotic resistance in some microbes. Gram-negative - a staining technique for the preliminary identification of bacteria, in which a violet dye is applied, followed by a decolorizing agent and then a red dye. The cell walls of certain bacteria
  • (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000; 2001; Committee on Infectious Disease 2000).
  • azithromycin
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      azithromycin - Treats bacterial infections. This medicine is a macrolide antibiotic. macrolide - any of a class of antibiotics containing a lactone ring, of which the first and best known is erythromycin. lactone - an organic compound containing an ester group -OCO- as part of a ring. erythromycin - an antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused byan antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It is similar in its effects to penicillin. Gram-positive - a staining technique for the preliminary identification of bacteria, in which a violet dye is applied, followed by a decolorizing agent and then a red dye. The cell walls of certain bacteria.
  • nasopharyngeal
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      nasopharyngeal - of or relating to or located near the nasopharynx nasopharynx - the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.
  • the drug of choice is rifampin, which is both effective and inexpensive. For young children rifampin can be administered with greater patient acceptance in a flavored syrup. Rifampin is not recommended for use in pregnant women. Rifampin may interfere with the efficacy of oral contraceptives, and some antiepileptic and anticoagulant medications. Rifampin may also stain the urine orange for a couple days and may stain soft contact lenses. Ciprofloxacin is also not recommended for use in pregnant women.
cwilson817

Viral Meningitis - Meningitis Center - Everyday Health - 0 views

www.everydayhealth.com/...meningitis-basics.aspx

meningitis3

shared by cwilson817 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Causes of Viral Meningitis
  • Chickenpox virus (varicella virus) Mumps virus West Nile virus Viruses transmitted by bites from infected mosquitoes Rabies virus Type 1 and type 2 herpes viruses HIV
  • Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Severe headache Stiff neck Eyes sensitive to light Chills Fever Muscle pain Sore throat Drowsiness Confusion Rash Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Treating Viral Meningitis
  • esting, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking medication to relieve symptoms
  • Is Viral Meningitis Contagious?
  • How to Prevent Viral Meningitis
  • Get vaccinated
  • Avoid mosquitoes.
  • Wash your hands
  • Disinfect.
  • Causes of Viral Meningitis
  • Nearly 90 percent of viral meningitis cases are caused by viruses in the enterovirus family
  • Chickenpox virus (varicella virus) Mumps virus West Nile virus Viruses transmitted by bites from infected mosquitoes Rabies virus Type 1 and type 2 herpes viruses HIV
  • Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • Severe headache Stiff neck Eyes sensitive to light Chills Fever Muscle pain Sore throat Drowsiness Confusion Rash Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Meningitis occurs when the lining protecting the brain and spinal cord — called the meninges — becomes inflamed.
  • Meningitis occurs when the lining protecting the brain and spinal cord — called the meninges — becomes inflamed
  • bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis
  • Bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal condition that can have severe after-effects, including brain damage, deafness, limb amputation, and stroke.
  • Meningitis can also be caused by a direct infection of the meninges.
  • viral meningitis causes between 25,000 and 50,000 hospital visits each year in the United States.
  • The viruses usually enter the body through the mouth and then travel to the brain and tissues around it.
  • Children are more likely than adults to get viral meningitis. Children under the age of 5 are most vulnerable.
  • Symptoms may last anywhere from a week to 10 days.
  • avoiding viral meningitis is to be vaccinated against diseases known to cause viral meningitis and to wash your hands regularly.
  • cwilson817 on 07 Sep 14
     
    viral meningitis
jchase438

Bacterial Meningitis - 0 views

www.co.monroe.mi.us/...bacterial_meningitis.html

symptoms Meningitis MeningitisGoogleGroup Prevention

shared by jchase438 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • nfection of the spinal fluid and of the membranes surrounding the brain (the meninges
  • vaccine was approved for u
  • most common cause of meningitis.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • aemophilus influenzae B
  • S. pneumoniae or N. meningitidis, via direct contact with their respiratory secretions.
  • ymptoms of meningitis are the same regardless of the cause: fever, headache, and stiff neck. As the disease advances, a rash may appear on the infected person, which are spots of dead tissue, destroyed by the invading bacteria.
  • erfectly healthy in the morning
  • and dead by nightfall.
    • jchase438
      jchase438 on 07 Sep 14
       
      This article states how the disease is transmitted and how fast and deadly the disease is.
  • tially requires hospitalization so that symptoms can be monitored, and so that large doses of antibiotics can be given intravenously. Prompt, appro
  • ist against all different types of bacterial meningitis. Vaccines against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae B (Hib) are part of the recommended childhood vaccination series.
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