brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disabilities.
several pathogens
in the United State
Haemophilus influenzae (most often caused by type b, Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Neisseria meningitidis.
4,100 cases of bacterial meningitis,
500 deaths,
complications
increase
Infants are at higher risk for bacterial meningitis than people in other age groups.
people of any age are at risk.
diseases, medications, and surgical procedures
spread more quickly where larger groups of people
College freshmen living in residence halls and military personnel
increased
Certain medical condition
Community setting
Working with meningitis-causing pathogens
Microbiologists
Travel
preventive antibiotics
not as contagious as viruses that cause the common cold or the flu.
close or long contact with a sick person in the same household or daycare center
direct contact with a patient's oral secretions
boyfriend or girlfriend)
(e.g., by kissing) of respiratory and throat secretions (e.g., saliva or mucus).
higher risk of getting disease
Healthy people can carry the bacteria in their nose or throat without getting sick. Rarely, these bacteria can invade the body and cause disease. Most people who ‘carry’ the bacteria never become sick.
Nausea,
Vomiting,
Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), and
Altered mental status (confusion).
within 3-7 days after exposure.
higher risk
abies younger than 1 month
may be absent or difficult to notice.
samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (near the spinal cord)
for the entire family if a family member develops severe Hib infection and there’s a high-risk person in the house.
s soon as possible
below 15%, although the risk remains higher among young infants and the elderly.