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abrown844

Meningitis Prevention - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20019713

shared by abrown844 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis typically results from contagious infections.
  • prevent meningitis:
  • Wash your hands.
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • especially before they eat and after using the toilet, spending time in a crowded public place or petting animals.
  • Practice good hygiene.
  • Don't share drinks, foods, straws, eating utensils, lip balms or toothbrushes with anyone else.
  • Maintain your immune system by getting enough rest, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
  • Stay healthy.
  • Cover your mouth.
  • When you need to cough or sneeze, be sure to cover your mouth and nose.
  • f you're pregnant, take care with food.
  • Reduce your risk of listeriosis if you're pregnant by cooking meat
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y vaccine (Hib-MenCY)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine.
  • vaccine is also recommended for some adults, including those who have sickle cell disease or AIDS and those who don't have a spleen.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).
  • for children younger than 2 years in the United States.
  • for children between the ages of 2 and 5 who are at high risk of pneumococcal disease,
  • avoiding soft cheeses made from unpasteurized milk, including feta, queso, Brie and Camembert.
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4).
  • vaccine is given in four doses, at age 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between ages 12 months and 15 months.
  • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)
  • for all adults older than 65, for younger adults and children who have weak immune systems or chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes or sickle cell anemia, and for those who don't have a spleen.
  • t's approved for use in children as young as 9 months old.
  • MCV4 be given to children ages 11 to 12, with a booster shot given at age 16.
  • for children younger than 19 months, but not younger than 6 weeks
  • meningitis can spread through coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing eating utensils, a toothbrush or a cigarette
  • Show them how to wash their hands vigorously
  • covering
  • front and back of each hand with soap and rinsing thoroughly under running water.
  • Teach children and teens to avoid sharing these items too.
  • Don't eat these types of cheeses unless they're clearly labeled that they were made with pasteurized milk.
  • Children in the United States routinely receive this vaccine as part of the recommended
  • Older children and adults who need protection from pneumococcal bacteria may receive this vaccine
  • If the vaccine is first given between ages 13 and 15, the booster shot is recommended between 16 and 18.
  • If the first shot is given at 16 or older, no booster is necessary.
  • Careful hand-washing is important to avoiding exposure to infectious agents.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 08 Sep 14
       
      ALWAYS wash your hands.
  • Wash your hands
  • schedule of vaccines, starting at about 2 months of age.
    • abrown844
      abrown844 on 14 Sep 14
       
      Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccine. Children in the U.S. routinely receive the vaccine.
sfitzhugh

Flu in Children: How It Spreads, Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, Prevention - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...children-and-flu-influenza

Challenge1 influenza children

shared by sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • A high-grade fever up to 104 degrees FChills and shakes with the feverExtreme tirednessHeadache and body achesDry, hacking coughSore throatVomiting and belly pain
    • sfitzhugh
      sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15
       
      Symptoms for kids with influenza.
  • The best way is to get a yearly vaccination. The CDC says all people 6 months and older should get one.  Healthy children over 2 years old who don't wheeze or don't have a history of asthma can get the nasal spray influenza vaccine. Otherwise, children 6 months and older should get a flu shot.Pregnant women and caregivers of children younger than 6 months or of children with certain health conditions should get the shot.
    • sfitzhugh
      sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15
       
      How kids can avoid the flu
  • highly contagious, particularly when kids share close quarters like they do in school classrooms
    • sfitzhugh
      sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15
       
      Highly contagious often spread in schools. If schools were cleaner or kids stayed home there would be less outbreaks. 
evuvuu

Meningococcal Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Vaccines - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...causes-treatments-and-vaccines

causes symptoms bacterial HSA

shared by evuvuu on 10 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • a rare but serious infection.
  • the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed.
  • approximately 1,000 people in the U.S. get meningococcal
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • can be fatal or cause great
  • harm without prompt treatment;
  • about 15% of those who survive are left with disabilities that include deafness, brain damage, and neurological problems.
  • the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis
  • Bacteria and viruses are the two main causes of meningitis.
  • In children and teens, meningococcus is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. In adults, it is the second most common cause.
  • may cause infection in a part of the body -- the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract, for instance.
  • then spread through the bloodstream to the nervous system
  • can also enter the nervous system directly after severe head trauma, surgery, or infection.
  • Symptoms of meningococcal meningitis may vary from case to case. The more common signs and symptoms include: General poor feeling Sudden high fever Severe, persistent headache Neck stiffness Nausea or vomiting Discomfort in bright lights Drowsiness or difficulty awakening Joint pain Confusion or other mental changes A reddish or purple skin rashis a very important sign to watch for.
  • may be a sign of blood poisoning.
  • does not turn white when you press a glass against it,
  • a medical emergency.
  • Other symptoms of meningitis or blood poisoning may include: Tense or bulging soft spot (in babies) High-pitched or moaning cry (in babies) Stiff, jerky movements or floppiness (in babies or toddlers) Irritability Fast breathing Lethargy or excessive sleepiness Blotchy skin, turning pale or blue Shivering, or cold hands and feet Seizure
apettistate345

Preventing Meningitis: Meningitis Vaccine & More - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...standing-meningitis-prevention

shared by apettistate345 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is usually caused by many different viruses and bacteria
  •  So the best methods of preventing it varies.
  • Meningococcal meningitis is a serious disease -- even with treatment.
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4)
  • or people ages 9 months to 55.
  • ages 2 through 55
  • Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4)
  • people older than age 55.
  • MCV4 tends to give longer protection and is better at preventing transmission of the disease.
  • College freshmen living in dorms
  • Travelers to areas of the world, such as Africa, where meningococcal disease is common
  • Mild pain or redness at the injection site is common and should not be a problem.
  • prevents infections that cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other problems
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
  • given to children between 2 months and  15 months old
  • children over 5 years old or adults with certain medical conditions. 
  • While Hib used to be the most likely cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years old, the vaccine has made it very rare.
  • Pneumococcal vaccines
  • The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is routinely given to children under 2. 
  • The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for all adults over 65. 
  • Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine and shingles vaccine target the varicella virus, which can potentially lead to viral meningitis.
  • MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine
    • ecampos693
      ecampos693 on 07 Sep 14
       
      The article gets into depth about the prevention and treatments.
  • Meningitis is usually caused by many different viruses and bacteria
  • by getting vaccinated and taking sensible precautions, you can greatly reduce your risk
  • meningococcal vaccine can prevent meningitis infection
szapata805

Meningitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...000680.htm

medical meningitis prevention bacterial symptoms MeningitisGoogleGroup

shared by szapata805 on 06 Sep 14 - Cached
  • Viral meningitis can be caused by herpes viruses, the same virus that can cause cold sores and genital herpes .
  • Viruses that cause mumps and HIV can cause aseptic meningitis.
  • most often affects children and adults under age 30. 
  • ...23 more annotations...
  • Fever and chillsMental status changesNausea and vomitingSensitivity to light (photophobia)Severe headacheStiff neck (meningismus)
  • Antibiotics do not treat viral meningitis.
  • Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms should disappear within 2 weeks with no lasting complications.
  • If you think that you or your child has symptoms of meningitis, get emergency medical help immediately. Early treatment is key to a good outcome.
  • Haemophilus vaccine (HiB vaccine) in children helps prevent one type of bacterial meningitis.
  • The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is now a routine childhood immunization. It is very effective at preventing pneumococcal meningitis
  • acterial meningitis infections are extremely serious, and may result in death or brain damage,
  • eningococcal vaccination is recommended for:Adolescents ages 11 - 12 and adolescents entering high school (about age 15) who have not already received the vaccination. A booster shot is given between age 16-18.All college freshmen who have not been vaccinated and are living in dorms. Children age 2 and older who do not have their spleen or who have other problems with their immune system.Those traveling to countries where diseases caused by meningococcus are very common (ask your doctor).
  • eople with cold sores or genital herpes are not at a greater risk of developing herpes meningitis.
  • AgitationBulging fontanelles in babies Decreased alertnessPoor feeding or irritability in childrenRapid breathing
  • causes of meningitis are viral infections that usually get better without treatment.
  • k arched backwards (opisthotonos)
  • Fast heart rateFeverMental status changesStiff neckIf the hea
  • Brain damage
  • Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain (subdural effusion)Hearing lossHydrocephalus
  • Seizures
  • Unusual posture, with the head and nec
  • Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges)
  • Meningitis may also be caused by:
  • Chemical irritationDrug allergiesFungiParasitesTumors
  • Viral meningitis occurs more often than bacterial meningitis, and is milder. It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall.
  • Bacteria meningitis is an emergency. You will need immediate treatment in a hospital. Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include:
  • Meningitis is an important cause of fever in children and newborns.
  • chris22 on 10 Sep 14
     
    Meningitis help
  • szapata805 on 10 Sep 14
     
    "Meningitis may also be caused by: Chemical irritation Drug allergies Fungi Parasites Tumors"
apettistate345

Meningitis: Prevention, Symptoms & Treatment - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...-12-frequently-asked-questions

meningitis Challenge1 prevention diseases conditions

shared by apettistate345 on 04 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis can be a very serious disease.
  • What is meningitis?
  • Meningitis occurs when the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, called the meninges, become inflamed
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • What are the causes of meningitis?
  • two main causes of meningitis are viruses and bacteria.
  • Common bacteria or viruses may cause infection in a part of the body -- the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory tract, for instance.
  • Fungi, protozoa, and other parasites are less common causes of meningitis.
  • very rare cases, cancer, other diseases, or certain medications may also lead to inflammation of the meninges.
  • What is bacterial meningitis?
  • occurring more often in winter months.
  • common cause affecting teens is the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, which causes meningococcal disease.
  • bacteria that cause it live in the noses and throats of up to a quarter of the population.
  • Another leading cause of bacterial meningitis is Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • What is viral meningitis?
  • more common
  • occur more often in the summer and fall
  • flu-like symptoms
  • Viruses that cause "stomach flu" are a cause of viral meningitis
  • viruses that lead to meningitis are those that cause chickenpox, mononucleosis (mono), and herpes.
  • Who is at risk for meningitis?
  • more common in infants and young children and in people older than 60.
  • A person of any age may develop bacterial meningitis.
  • includes kissing, coughing, or sneezing. Sharing eating utensils, glasses, food, or towels can also spread these bacteria and viruses.
  • more common in children, viral meningitis occurs in people of all ages.
  • Is meningitis contagious?
  • close contact with peers, teens and college students are at greater risk, too.
  • Close contact - not casual contact at work or school
  • usually caused by an infection
  • This disease can be fatal
  • cause serious lasting side effects
  • Bacteria can also enter the nervous system directly after severe head trauma or head surgery, or following an infection in the head.
  • Bacterial meningitis is serious
  • can be fatal if you don't receive treatment right away
  • not known why these bacteria sometimes travel to the nervous system and cause meningitis
  • most people who have these infections don't develop meningitis
  • can be similar to those of bacterial meningitis.
  • a weakened immune system
  • traveling
  • foreign countries also increases your risk for meningitis.
  • can spread the bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis
kayanking

Meningitis - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis - Infection - C-Health - 0 views

chealth.canoe.com/nel_condition_info_details.asp

shared by kayanking on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Meningitis means "inflammation of the meninges."
  • meninges
  • are membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
  • ...53 more annotations...
  • They can become inflamed when an infection occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding these membranes. Other things such as medications, tumours, and chemical exposure can also cause meningitis.
  • majority of people with meningitis that is not caused by bacteria (e.g., meningitis caused by a virus) recover quickly and completely
  • bacterial meningitis is fatal for 1 in 10 people
  • even with treatment
  • 1 in 5 people will be left with problems such as deafness or brain injury
  • Quick diagnosis and treatment are vital
  • The most common causes of meningitis are bacteria or viruses, although there are many other causes.
  • fungi
  • over half the population carries one or another of these bacteria in the back of the nose and throat
  • exotic
  • such as parasites
  • tropical countries.
  • Meningitis commonly occurs when bacteria or viruses make their way into the fluid surrounding the brain.
  • Sometimes they enter directly as a result of an operation such as brain surgery. Sometimes they erode through the small bones in our skull, for instance in extreme cases of severe sinusitis. Sometimes they are carried there by our blood from an infection occurring elsewhere in our body such as pneumonia (a lung infection). But in most cases, we don't really understand how and why this happens.
  • Cryptococcus, a fungus, can also cause meningitis. It usually occurs in people with weakened immune systems, such as people with AIDS
  • Tuberculosis (TB) can cause meningitis
  • Certain medications and chemical irritants can cause in inflammation of the brain similar to meningitis. There have also been rare reports of vaccines causing meningitis. Viral or chemically-induced meningitis often goes away on its own.
  • Bacterial meningitis, on the other hand, is a very serious illness.
  • people with poor immune systems
  • enter the cerebrospinal fluid and begin multiplying, the bacteria cause inflammation and other symptoms of meningitis.
  • can't live outside the human body for very long.
  • not eating
  • There are many species of bacteria that can cause meningitis.
  • Children under the age of 2 are most susceptible to meningitis. Other things that increase the risk are:
  • brain or spinal cord surgery
  • commonly transmitted by coughing, sneezing, and kissing
  • impaired or abnormal immune system
  • kidney failure
  • the use of corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)
  • cancer, especially breast, lung, skin, leukemia, and lymphoma. When cancer is the cause of the meningitis it is called carcinomatous meningitis or leptomeningeal metastatis.
  • People with bacterial meningitis quickly become very sick, usually within hours, and shouldn't wait to get medical treatment.
  • Symptoms of meningitis can include:
  • high fever over 39°C (102°F)
  • stiff and sore neck, especially when it's moved, turned, or bent (the discomfort is caused by inflammation of the meninges) – this may not occur in people whose immune systems are not functioning properly, such as:
  • people taking corticosteroids
  • people with AIDS
  • people taking cancer or transplant medications
  • seniors
  • children less than 24 months of age and especially those less than 6 months of age.
  • severe headache due to extra pressure in the head – look for signs of fussiness and irritability in children too young to complain of a headache
  • If blood vessels in the brain become inflamed, the brain won't get enough oxygen. This can make a person drowsy and less responsive, and, in extreme situations, they can fall into a coma. Lack of oxygen to the brain can also cause seizures.
  • Symptoms for very young children can include:
  • fever, with cold hands and feet
  • vomiting
  • head injury
  • difficulty waking up
  • high-pitched moaning or crying
  • arching their backs and pulling at their necks
  • not settling down or taking comfort when held
  • having a vacant expression
  • showing a pale, mottled complexion
  • rash (red or purple pinpricks)
  • Long-term complications can occur and last long after the infection has been treated. These include deafness, mental impairment, paralysis, and sometimes seizures that require lifelong treatment.
tjohnson472

Meningitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia - 0 views

www.nlm.nih.gov/...000680.htm

meningitis symptoms

shared by tjohnson472 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This covering is called the meninges.
  • The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections.
  • They may result in death or brain damage, even if treated.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • Chemical irritationDrug allergiesFungiParasitesTumors
  • It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall.
  • Symptoms usually come on quickly, and may include:
  • Haemophilus vaccine (HiB vaccine) given to children helpsPneumococcal vaccine is given to children and adultsMeningococcal vaccines is given to children and adults; some communities hold vaccination campaigns after an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis. Household members and others in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent becoming infected.
  • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis
  • Fluids through a vein (IV)Medicines to treat symptoms, such as brain swelling, shock, and seizures
  • Without prompt treatment
  • Brain damageBuildup of fluid between the skull and brain (subdural effusion)Hearing lossHydrocephalusSeizures
  • Fever and chills, especially in newborns and childrenMental status changesNausea and vomitingSensitivity to light (photophobia)Severe headacheStiff neck (meningismus)
  • any types of viruses can cause meningitis:Enteroviruses: These are viruses that also can cause intestinal illness.Herpes viruses: These are the same viruses that can cause cold sores and genital herpes. However, people with cold sores or genital herpes do not have a higher chance of developing herpes meningitis.Mumps and HIV viruses can cause aseptic meningitis.West Nile virus: This virus is spread by mosquito bites and has become a cause of viral meningitis in most of the United States.
  • the provider thinks you have meningitis, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) should be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) for testing.Other tests that may be done include:Blood cultureChest x-rayCT scan of the head
  • tjohnson472 on 06 Sep 15
     
    "Fast heart rate Fever Mental status changes Stiff neck"
obeck388

Prevent Meningitis: Tips to Protect Your Child - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...ingitis-tips-protect-your-teen

shared by obeck388 on 12 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The CDC recommends a meningococcal vaccine for all children 11 to 18. The vaccine is routinely given at 11-12, but it is also recommended for:
  • Eating a well-balanced diet, rich in vegetables and fruits
  • Meningococcal disease is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in teens and young adults. The CDC recommends a meningococcal vaccine for all children 11 to 18. The vaccine is routinely given at 11-12, but it is also recommended for: Anyone who has been exposed to meningitis during an outbreak Anyone traveling to or living where meningococcal disease is common Military recruits People with certain immune system disorders or a damaged or missing spleen
  • kanderson956 on 12 Sep 14
     
    Prevention
klong886

Bacterial Meningitis - 0 views

my.clevelandclinic.org/...hic_bacterial_meningitis.aspx

bacterial

shared by klong886 on 06 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is an infection of the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by a bacterial, fungal or viral infection.
  • bacterial meningitis
  • become
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • The infection can cause the tissues around the brain to swell. This in turn interferes with blood flow and can result in paralysis or even stroke.
  • Sometimes meningitis occurs for no known reason. Other times it occurs after a head injury or after you have had an infection and your immune system is weakened.
  • Children between the ages of one month and two years are the most susceptible to bacterial meningitis
  • higher risk if you abuse alcohol, have chronic nose and ear infections, sustain a head injury or get pneumococcal pneumonia.
  • Adults with certain risk factors
  • Outbreaks of bacterial meningitis also occur in living situations where you are in close contact with others, such as college dormitories or military barracks
  • In older children and adults, you may see confusion, irritability, increasing drowsiness. Seizures and stroke may occur.
  • rritable and cry. There may be seizures
  • CDC recommends the meningococcal vaccine
  • most common form
  • vomiting and they may refuse to eat.
  • treated with antibiotics.
  • In addition to antibiotics, it will be important to replenish fluids lost from loss of appetite, sweating, vomiting and diarrhea
  • most people recover.
  • 10 percent death rate
  • Unfortunately, if treatment is not undergone immediately, there may be permanent damage. Seizures, mental impairment and paralysis may be life long.
  • Anyone who you have had casual contact should not be affected.
  • a vaccine is available,
  • young children,
  • All children and adolescents ages 11 through 18 College freshmen living in dormitories
  • Anyone with a damaged spleen or who has had his or her spleen removed Anyone who has terminal complement component deficiency (an immune system disorder)
arytman716

Viral Meningitis Facts and Information - Disabled World - 1 views

www.disabled-world.com/...viral-meningitis.php

HSA meningitis facts Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 15 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis involves an inflammation of the membranes or, "meninges," that cover a person's spinal cord and brain.
  • Detail:
  • Meningitis caused by a viral infection is sometimes referred to as, 'aseptic meningitis,' and is serious, although rarely fatal in people with average immune systems.
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • Additional and more rare causes of meningitis include parasites, fungi, and causes that are non-infectious such as ones related to drugs.
  • The, 'lymphocytic choriomeningitis,' virus, a virus spread by rodents, is also a cause of viral meningitis, although it is rare.
  • Causes and Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • While different viral infections can lead to viral meningitis, the majority of people who get viral meningitis in America, especially during the summer or fall, get it because of the, 'enteroviruses.'
  • dditional viral infections that may lead to meningitis include herpesvirus, mumps, influenza, measles, and the varicella-zoster virus, which is the cause of both shingles and chickenpox.
  • Symptoms in Infants:
  • he majority of people with viral meningitis recover on their own within a couple of weeks. Antibiotics do not help with viral infections and are not useful in treating viral meningitis.
  • Fever Irritability Poor eating Hard to wake up
  • Symptoms in Older Children/Adults
  • Nausea Stiff neck Vomiting High fever Sleepiness Lack of appetite Severe headache Trouble waking up Sensitivity to bright light
  • Diagnosing Viral Meningitis
  • A diagnosis of viral meningitis is usually achieved through laboratory tests of a person's spinal fluid, gained through a, 'spinal tap.'
  • Finding the exact cause of viral meningitis can sometimes be achieved through tests that show which virus a person is infected with, although identifying the exact virus causing meningitis can be difficult.
  • Due to the fact that the symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to the ones of bacterial meningitis which is often more severe and has the potential to be fatal, it is important for people who are suspected of having meningitis to pursue medical care, and have their spinal fluid tested.
  • Bacterial meningitis is another story – it can be extremely serious and may result in either disability or death if it is not treated quickly.
  • The Spread of Viral Meningitis
  • he different viruses that cause viral meningitis are spread in different ways. Enteroviruses, for example, are the most common cause of viral meningitis and are most often spread through direct contact with the stool of a person who is infected.
  • he mumps, varicella-zoster, and enteroviruses can also spread through either direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions such as sputum, saliva, or nasal mucus from a person who has been infected
  • The viruses may also remain on surfaces for days, transferring from other objects, or spread directly when a person who is infected coughs or sneezes, sending droplets containing the virus into the air another person breathes.
  • The period of time involved from when a person first becomes infected until they develop symptoms is referred to as the, 'incubation period.' The incubation period for enteroviruses is between 3 and 7 days.
  • A person who is infected is commonly contagious from the time they first develop symptoms until they no longer experience symptoms. People with low immune systems and children might spread the infection even after their symptoms have disappeared.
  • Preventing Viral Meningitis
  • Following good hygiene practices can help you to reduce the spread of viruses like measles, mumps, herpesviruses, and enteroviruses
  • Preventing the various viral infections that are out there from infecting you involves some specific measures.
  • Preventing the spread of these viruses can be hard because people who have become infected may not seem to be sick and have the ability to spread them to other people
  • Following these good hygiene practices will help to reduce your chances of becoming infected with a virus, or giving one so someone else:
  • Clean Surfaces that are Contaminated:
  • Clean doorknobs, handles, the TV remote control – clean them with soap and water and then disinfect them with a bleach-based cleaning product or a solution of ¼ cup of bleach to 1 gallon of water.
  • Viruses that cause viral meningitis can spread through either direct or indirect contact with respiratory secretions; it is important to cover your cough with a tissue or at least your upper arm. Once you have used a tissue, throw it away. Wash Your Hands!
  • Cover Your Cough:
  • Avoid sharing eating utensils, drinking glasses, or other items with people who are sick or others if you are sick. Avoid bites from insects and mosquitoes that have the potential to carry diseases that can infect you - it can help to reduce your risk for viral meningitis.
  • Things To Avoid:
  • Vaccinations:
  • There are vaccinations that can help to protect children against some of the diseases that may lead to viral meningitis, such as the measles and mumps vaccine (MMR), and the chickenpox vaccine.
  • Wash Your Hands:
  • Wash your hands thoroughly, and wash them often. It is particularly important to wash your hands after using the toilet, changing a diaper, blowing your nose, or coughing.
julia roush

What Is Meningitis? Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Meningitis Causes - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...nderstanding-meningitis-basics

meningitis

shared by julia roush on 02 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges (men-in'-jeez) -- that cover the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis can be deadly and contagious among people in close contact.
  • Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body, such as in the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. Less common causes of meningitis include fungal infection, autoimmune disorders, and medications.
  • Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges (men-in'-jeez) -- that cover the brain and spinal cord
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • it can lead to death within hours -- or lead to permanent damage to the brain and other parts of the body.
  • The most common bacteria causing meningitis in children and adults in the U.S
shaneep110

Meningitis - Prevention.com - 1 views

www.prevention.com/...meningitis

EnglishII HSA MeningitisGoogleGroup Challenge1

shared by shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is an inflammation of coverings (meninges) of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Most often it is caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
  • systemic lupus erythematosus.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease that leads to long-term (chronic) inflammation.
  • ...37 more annotations...
  • Viral, or aseptic, meningitis is the most common type.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      aspestic - free from contamination caused by harmful bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.
  • In general, viral meningitis is not directly contagious. Anyone can get viral meningitis, but it occurs most often in children. Many different viruses can cause meningitis
  • an enterovirus tends to be the usual culprit.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Meaning of enterovirus - any of a group of RNA viruses that typically occur in the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes spreading to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. gastrointestinal - of or relating to the stomach and the intestines.
  • In the past, the three most common types of bacterial meningitis were caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. H. influenzae was first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, aerotolerant, aerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.
  • Viral meningitis due to enterovirus peaks in mid-summer through early autumn. But it can occur any time of the year.
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • is a very serious and potentially fatal infection.
  • It can strike very healthy people, but infants and older people are more susceptible.
  • Except for the rare case of herpes meningitis, viral meningitis will resolve on its own after 7 to 10 days.
  • Now that we have very effective vaccines to help prevent all three types, bacterial meningitis in otherwise healthy children and adults occurs less often.
  • Besides infants and the elderly, people with chronic diseases and/or impaired immune systems have the greatest risk of meningitis caused by bacteria and fungi.
  • Symptoms
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      These three are common side-effects, so it may not be noticed at first.
  • The symptoms of meningitis vary, but often include:
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      All are common except sensitivity to light, so meningitis is hard to figure out when its happening.
  • Other symptoms may include:
  • Symptoms may be milder in cases of viral meningitis, while in cases of bacterial meningitis, symptoms may come on quite suddenly. In very young children, symptoms may be particularly hard to detect.
  • The fluid is removed from the spinal cord with a needle in a procedure known as a spinal tap or lumbar puncture.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Lumbar- back
  • Diagnosis
  • Meningitis is diagnosed by testing some of the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord for disease-causing bacteria or infection-fighting cells.
  • Babies with meningitis may be less active, vomit, refuse to eat or be irritable. A person in later stages of bacterial meningitis may have seizures and lose consciousness (pass out).
  • Expected Duration
  • Some people carry the germs in their nose and throat and can pass them on to other people, even though these "carriers" are not sick.
  • Viral meningitis tends to get better on its own in seven to 10 days. In contrast, if bacterial meningitis is not diagnosed and treated early, it can cause permanent disability or death.
  • Prevention
  • he bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis are found in bodily fluids, such as saliva and mucus, and are spread by direct contact.
  • The length of time that medication is needed for bacterial meningitis depends on the person's age, response to the medication and other factors.
  • If you are in close contact with someone who has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, you may be given antibiotics to prevent you from getting the disease.
  • Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia shot), Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis is the best way to prevent bacterial meningitis.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Definitions above
  • There is no vaccine to prevent the common types of viral meningitis.
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Look up research on what's being done about this, perhaps.
  • Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. It requires high dose intravenous antibiotics in a hospital setting. Depending upon the patient and suspected type of bacterial meningitis, intravenous dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, may be given at the time of diagnosis
    • shaneep110
      shaneep110 on 05 Sep 14
       
      Intravenous - IV Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. Corticosteroid - any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or made synthetically. There are two kinds: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They have various metabolic functions and some are used to treat inflammation.
  • Viral meningitis is treated much like the flu, with rest and plenty of fluids, and you should recover in a week to 10 days.
  • Treatment
  • If you or your child is exhibiting symptoms of meningitis, contact your doctor immediately.
  • For people with viral meningitis, the outlook is excellent.
  • The prognosis for bacterial meningitis depends on the person's age, which bacterium is causing the disease, and how early the disease was diagnosed.
  • Up to 10% of people with this disease will die, and a larger percentage of survivors have long-term consequences, such as hearing loss or neurological problems.
denaehooks391

What Is Meningitis? Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Meningitis Causes - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...nderstanding-meningitis-basics

viral causes meningitis prevention MeningitisGoogleGroup bacterial symptoms English

shared by denaehooks391 on 03 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Fungal meningitis is much less common than the other two infectious forms. Fungus-related meningitis is rare in healthy people
  • someone who has an impaired immune system -- such as a person with AIDS -- is more likely to become infected with this form of meningitis.
  • Children under age 5 Teenagers and young adults age 16-25 Adults over age 55
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • ore of a danger for people with certain medical conditions, such as a damaged or absent spleen, chronic disease, or immune system disorders.
  • Because certain germs that cause meningitis can be contagious, outbreaks are most likely to occur in places where people are living in close quarters. So college students in dorms or army recruits in barracks are at higher risk.
  • raveling to areas where meningitis is more common, such as parts of Africa.
  • it's still a rare disease and there are steps you can take to minimize your risk of getting the disease.
sfitzhugh

Hepatitis A Prevention - Mayo Clinic - 0 views

www.mayoclinic.org/...con-20022163

Challenge1 hepatitis prevention

shared by sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • All children at age 1, or older children who didn't receive the vaccine at age 1 Laboratory workers who may come in contact with hepatitis A Men who have sex with men People planning travel to areas of the world with high rates of hepatitis A People who use illegal drugs, injected and noninjected People who receive treatment with clotting-factor concentrates People with chronic liver disease
    • sfitzhugh
      sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15
       
      people who are more at risk
  • The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection with the virus. The hepatitis A vaccine is typically given in two doses
    • sfitzhugh
      sfitzhugh on 05 Oct 15
       
      There is a vaccine that is given in two doses.
cwilson817

Viral Meningitis - Meningitis Center - Everyday Health - 0 views

www.everydayhealth.com/...meningitis-basics.aspx

meningitis3

shared by cwilson817 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Causes of Viral Meningitis
  • Chickenpox virus (varicella virus) Mumps virus West Nile virus Viruses transmitted by bites from infected mosquitoes Rabies virus Type 1 and type 2 herpes viruses HIV
  • Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • Severe headache Stiff neck Eyes sensitive to light Chills Fever Muscle pain Sore throat Drowsiness Confusion Rash Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Treating Viral Meningitis
  • esting, drinking plenty of fluids, and taking medication to relieve symptoms
  • Is Viral Meningitis Contagious?
  • How to Prevent Viral Meningitis
  • Get vaccinated
  • Avoid mosquitoes.
  • Wash your hands
  • Disinfect.
  • Causes of Viral Meningitis
  • Nearly 90 percent of viral meningitis cases are caused by viruses in the enterovirus family
  • Chickenpox virus (varicella virus) Mumps virus West Nile virus Viruses transmitted by bites from infected mosquitoes Rabies virus Type 1 and type 2 herpes viruses HIV
  • Symptoms of Viral Meningitis
  • Severe headache Stiff neck Eyes sensitive to light Chills Fever Muscle pain Sore throat Drowsiness Confusion Rash Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
  • Meningitis occurs when the lining protecting the brain and spinal cord — called the meninges — becomes inflamed.
  • Meningitis occurs when the lining protecting the brain and spinal cord — called the meninges — becomes inflamed
  • bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis
  • Bacterial meningitis is a potentially fatal condition that can have severe after-effects, including brain damage, deafness, limb amputation, and stroke.
  • Meningitis can also be caused by a direct infection of the meninges.
  • viral meningitis causes between 25,000 and 50,000 hospital visits each year in the United States.
  • The viruses usually enter the body through the mouth and then travel to the brain and tissues around it.
  • Children are more likely than adults to get viral meningitis. Children under the age of 5 are most vulnerable.
  • Symptoms may last anywhere from a week to 10 days.
  • avoiding viral meningitis is to be vaccinated against diseases known to cause viral meningitis and to wash your hands regularly.
  • cwilson817 on 07 Sep 14
     
    viral meningitis
kogburn084

Meningitis - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMH0001700

shared by kogburn084 on 07 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections that usually get better without treatment. However, bacterial meningitis infections are extremely serious, and may result in death or brain damage, even if treated.
  • Chemical irritation
  • Parasites
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Tumors
  • Viral meningitis can be caused by herpes viruses
  • Viral meningitis occurs more often than bacterial meningitis, and is milder. It usually occurs in the late summer and early fall. It most often affects children and adults under age 30. 
  • Symptoms usually come on quickly, a
  • You will need immediate treatment in a hospital
  • Meningitis is an important cause of fever in children and newborns.
  • a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) should be done to remove a sample of spinal fluid
  • Fever
  • Mental status changes
  • Fast heart rate
  • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis. The specific type depends on which bacteria is causing the infection. Antibiotics do not treat viral meningitis.
  • Other treatments will include:Fluids through a vein (IV)Medicines to treat symptoms such as brain swelling, shock, and seizures
  • bacterial meningitis is essential to prevent permanent neurological damage. Viral meningitis is usually not serious, and symptoms should disappear within 2 weeks with no lasting complications.
  • Brain damage
  • Buildup of fluid between the skull and brain (subdural effusion)
  • Seizures
  • Haemophilus vaccine
  • in close contact with people who have meningococcal meningitis should receive antibiotics to prevent becoming infected.
  • Adolescents ages 11 - 12 a
  • hildren age 2 and older who do not have their spleen or who have other problems with their immune system
  • where diseases caused by meningococcus are very common
  • kogburn084 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Meningitis
junpark126

What Is Meningitis? Bacterial, Viral, and Fungal Meningitis Causes - 0 views

www.webmd.com/...nderstanding-meningitis-basics

shared by junpark126 on 05 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges (men-in'-jeez) -- that cover the brain and spinal cord
  • Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body, such as in the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract.
  • Viral meningitis is more common than the bacterial form and generally -- but not always -- less serious
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • Children under age 5Teenagers and young adults age 16-25Adults over age 55
  • Who Is Most at Risk for Meningitis?
  • Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body, such as in the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. Less common causes of meningitis include fungal infection, autoimmune disorders, and medications.
    • melissabergmann
      melissabergmann on 06 Sep 14
       
      Web MD
  • meningitis is more of a danger for people with certain medical conditions, such as a damaged or missing spleen, chronic disease, or immune system disorders. 
  • Bacterial meningitis is an extremely serious illness that requires immediate medical care.
  • The bacteria can spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing.
  • In many instances, bacterial meningitis develops when bacteria get into the bloodstream from the sinuses, ears, or other part of the upper respiratory tract.
  • Fungal meningitis is much less common than the other two infectious forms.
  • If not treated quickly, it can lead to death within hours -- or lead to permanent damage to the brain and other parts of the body.
  • outbreaks are most likely to occur in places where people are living in close quarters.
  • influenzae type b (Hib) was a common cause of meningitis in infants and young children until the Hib vaccine was introduced for infants.
  • Meningitis is a relatively rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called mening
  • Viral meningitis tends to be less severe, and most people recover completely. 
  • Fungal meningitis is a rare form of meningitis and generally occurs only in people with weakened immune systems.
  • So are people traveling to areas where meningitis is more common, such as parts of Africa.
  • bacteria then travel through the bloodstream to the brain.
  • People with viral meningitis are much less likely to have permanent brain damage after the infection resolves. Most will recover completely.
  • a person with AIDS is more likely to become infected with this form of meningitis.
  • meningitis cases in the U.S. Vaccines are available for both Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • caused by a bacterial or viral infection that began elsewhere in the body
  • cwilson817 on 07 Sep 14
     
    meningitis
  • kogburn084 on 07 Sep 14
     
    Meningitis
arytman716

Meningitis Information | Meningitis Now - 0 views

www.meningitisnow.org/meningitis-info

HSA facts meningitis Challenge1

shared by arytman716 on 15 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Meningitis information
  • Meningitis facts
  • 10% of bacterial cases result in death.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • 15% of those who survive bacterial meningitis are left with severe after-effects such as brain damage, hearing and sight loss, and where septicaemia (blood poisoning) has occurred, loss of limbs and scarring.
  • Bacterial meningitis kills more UK children under the age of five than any other infectious disease.
  • Viral meningitis is usually less serious than bacterial meningitis but can still leave people with long-lasting after-effects, such as headaches, fatigue and memory problems.
bgibson167

Is Meningitis contagious? How can I prevent meningitis infection? - 2 views

www.webmd.boots.com/...meningitis-is-it-contagious

shared by bgibson167 on 10 Sep 14 - No Cached
  • Is meningitis contagious?Meningitis is contagious. Prolonged close contact can spread the bacteria that cause meningitis. The bacteria can be spread through kissing, coughs and sneezes, shared cutlery, or sharing items like toothbrushes or cigarettes. Most over 25s will have some natural immunity to the meningococcal strain of bacteria that causes some types of meningitis. Outbreaks can occur where many young people live close to each other. These include universities, student housing, boarding schools and military bases.How can I prevent meningitis infection?Protection against meningitis C is part of routine childhood vaccinations, with a booster dose for teenagers. There is also a vaccine now for meningitis B, and plans are being made for this to be included in the childhood vaccination programme. People planning trip to parts of the world where meningitis is very common should seek medical advice about getting a travel jab for meningitis. Crowded conditions at religious gatherings such as the Hajj also put people at an increased risk of contracting meningitis.In addition to vaccinations, you should follow some common sense precautions to help prevent meningitis.Be careful around people who have meningitis. It is possible to catch some types of meningitis through contact with bodily fluids, so it might be spread by kissing, sneezing, coughing, or sharing utensils or toothbrushes. If somebody in your family has it, try to limit his or her contact with other family members.Wash your hands after contact with someone who has meningitis.If you come into close contact with someone with meningitis, seek medical advice. Depending on the extent of your exposure and the type of meningitis, you may be advised by your doctor to take an antibiotic as a precaution.
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