参照法治成熟国家的经验,对这两类案件的裁决应当严格遵循实际恶意(actual malice)规则和相当因由(Probable
Cause)规则,以保障言论自由和舆论监督的法律环境。
在美国,为防止政府官员滥用诽谤罪名,继The New York Times v. Sullivan民事判例后,最高法院在1964年Garrison
v. Lousiana刑事判例中,确立了实际恶意规则,即:在诽谤官员的案件中,除非可以证明诽谤人具有实际恶意,否则诽谤罪不成立
The price tally in the latest American Farm Bureau market basket survey of 16 basic groceries was $45.03 in the first quarter, up 9% from the same period last year. Many of the price increases are eye-popping -- a five-pound bag of flour cost $2.69, 26% more than last year.
The surge in food costs has been attributed to several factors, including the increasing number of American farmers who now grow corn to supply the ethanol industry instead of food companies. I
Corn prices have soared, hitting $6 a bushel, up 50% from 2007 and triple the price of three years ago.
After the 2008-9 financial crisis, some Chinese mistakenly believed that America was in permanent decline and that this presented new opportunities. A result was that China worsened its relations with Japan, India, South Korea, Vietnam and the Philippines — a misstep that confirmed that “only China can contain China.”
It acknowledges that design in the era of ubiquitous technologies means not only technical innovation, but deep understanding of behavior
This compels a new approach to design that is partly technical, but also deeply social and humanist.
Understanding activity means understanding values, needs, lifestyle, mythologies, aesthetics, social and cultural norms, and individual and social psychology