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Oceans are one of the Commons, and as any other commons, it becomes overconsumed. Fishers all around the world keep devastating populations of the fish. To prevent overfishing, pollution and other human impacts, leading international marine scientists are proposing radical changes in the governance of the world's oceans. They carried an experiment in Chilie, and based on it, scientists state that they would be able to help to reverse "the tragedy of the commons". Problems in Chilie made people be open to new arrangements, scientists and fishers began working together to improve the situation with fish. By working together for some years, scientists became able to reveal about fish stocks and and the surrounding marine ecosystem. The new laws gave exclusive ocean territories to local 'artisanal' fishers, and excluded the big industrial fishing fleets, which had their own exclusive fishing zone. Scientists and small fishers then worked together to understand and rebuild the shattered fish stocks in their zone, leading to a shared vision and voluntary agreements on how to manage them.

I find this article particularl interesting because due to a political change in Chile, it has now effected the common resource tradegy of the Oceans. It has reduced the over fishing in Chile, which has let the fish start to regenerate. The research has found out that the key to managing the fisheries depends on making decisions flexible enough to cope with the changes that the ocean goes through.

I find this article particularl interesting because due to a political change in Chile, it has now effected the common resource tradegy of the Oceans. It has reduced the over fishing in Chile, which has let the fish start to regenerate. The research has found out that the key to managing the fisheries depends on making decisions flexible enough to cope with the changes that the ocean goes through.

This article is very simple. It talks about books and how author can change elasticity of the book by using different ways of writing books. There is one interesting example of the change in price and its consequences. So the author of the book decided to make an experiment and increse the price for the book from 0.99$ to 2.99$ (302% change in price). Usually we would expect demand to go down, but in this case demand for the book rised from 9 to 17 (189% change in demand). So 189/302 = 0.62, shows that demand is inelastic, what makes more sense. This article shows us that elasticity of demand depends on a lot of different factors.

In this Article, Canada (the country that I am from) has its currency exchange rate compared to other nations and other currencies. The Canadian dollar to British Sterling did not change much recently as it remained at .6037 to the British Sterling. This means that 1 Canadian dollar would get you 60 pence. Also, the CAD - USD exchange rate continues to fluctuate. Right now the CAD is at .96 cents USD.

According to this article, the recession has induced Americans to reevaluate their spending and adopt cost-saving strategies such as using coupons or taking advantage of sales. Many people have reduced the amount of money they spend, over the last couple of years, especially those who have incomes of under $45,000. "The consumer mindset has changed (…) they've become used to being careful about what they buy and where they buy it." However, while price is a major factor, consumers said that quality was still a top priority. The article indicates that there are certain items that consumers will not go without: The first item on the list was animal protein: 10 percent [of consumers] said they refuse to give up meat, poultry, fish and seafood. Also, 8 percent saying they would not forgo alcohol, tobacco; coffee, tea; milk, juice, or household and laundry supplies. As expected, "38 percent say they're purchasing less clothing and 20 percent said they're buying less expensive brands." Therefore, items such as proteins, alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, milk, juice, and household supplies are relatively inelastic goods with regard to income. On the other hand, clothing is an inelastic good during this recession.

This article talks about the importance of caring about the environment because this year there have been alarming weather activities possibly caused by climate change: Droughts, floods, the record melting of Arctic ice and the recent Superstorm Sandy. We can´t affirm that this happened because there is a change in the climate but we have to admit that this is one of the possibilities. If we don´t do nothing the situation will be getting worst. The water level is increasing more than we have predicted and many specialists admit that San Francisco and other cities near the coast might be under water in 20 years. Retrospect, we have neglected the full costs and hidden environmental price tags of economic progress. Only if we are aware of the externalities of our actions can we then build a more organic living environment and actively cut down emissions.

UK expects an increase in the Consumer Price Index to 3pc by June 2013 and to remain above 2pc until early 2016. In comparison, wages are only expected to rise at an average of 1.5pc. This will put more pressure on household as they have already seen a higher cost of living, which has risen four times more than wages. The recent increase is a result from petrol prices and energy bills. The bank's aim has been at 2pc, but the Chancellor may change the mandate. Another interesting point is the Chancellor may change the target inflation measures to CPIH- includes housing costs- and RPIJ, which is an alternative way of calculating retail prices. This article obviously relates to inflation rate. We can see the use of CPI as a measure for inflation rate. We can see that inflation rate does affect people with high cost of living and also people which has fixed income. Here, although many people does not have fixed income, they are still affected by the inflation due to the slower increase in the wages. We can also see that in order to reduce inflation, it does not only involve the government, but also the banks of those countries.

This is a great article as it hints at the actual influence of a change in monetary policy. It further suggests that in most cases, such as the one described, monetary policy alone cannot revive growth. 

The article does not talk about the whole aggregate demand, but rather focus on one component that contributes to aggregate demand. The article talks mainly about exports in Spain, contributing to its nation's economic growth. Spain's exports figures have increased despite the recession phase. The exports have broke a record of the least trade deficit since 1998. Exports increase to 222.6 billion euros in 2012 from 215.2 billion euros in 2011, which is the highest exports since 1971. Spain's trade deficit decreased 34% as imports fell 2.8%. This is due to changes in exchange rate and improvements in competitiveness. Apart from that, measures like labor law changes have improved investors' confidence.

This article clearly shows the way price and taxes changes the demand on tobacco. It gives us a good description of that products. So after that article we can conclude that tobacco is not that price sensitive. And attempts of the government to reduce the number of consumers by increasing taxes did not really work. The conclusion of the article makes it really clear and easy to understand: "From the above discussion it is evident that the price of elasticity of value is an important measure of the changes that will occur when a tax is imposed on tobacco products, this value is important in that it can help in determining the appropriate tax value that should be imposed in order to reduce tobacco consumption. Taxes on the other hand should be fair and depending on the price elasticity value of tobacco products certain groups in the economy may be unfairly taxed whereby poor individuals in the economy may have a greater tax burden than higher income individuals."

As all of us know, our world's population is increasing at a rapid rate. They predict that in 2025, there will be 1 more billion people on earth than their are today. So on average, they are predicting that there will be an increase in population of about 80 million people a year. Our resources that we have right now are already scarce, so it will only get tougher. Reporters say the 3 nations that will be most in need of more water will be China, India, and USA due to population growth, increasing irrigation and economic growth. Reporters also say that the amount of extra water needed is equivalent to 20 Nile Rivers. Failure to find the needed extra water could result in great conflicts over water. Also, with climate change (global warming) this will decrease the amount of available freshwater. Furthermore, the water needs to be sanitized to avoid diseases and sickness being spread. The report said that this could cost up to an extra 11 billion dollars a year. I chose this article because it is clearly related to scarcity and is growing concern in our world that needs to be looked at. 2025 is not very far away, and we need to come up with ideas for producing extra, clean water.

A high-level panel set up by the government to overhaul the foreign investment regime in the country is set to recommend that any investment above 10% in a company's equity be classified as foreign direct investment (FDI) and below that as portfolio investment. This article conveys a change in the perspective of FDI. The committee has significantly scaled down its ambitions from reported draft proposals that had gone to the extent of suggesting significant reforms in the overseas investment regime. The committee is now likely to stick to the task assigned and only make recommendations regarding the distinction between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment (FPI).The panel has refrained from suggesting any change in the limit on overseas investment, the official said. The default cap for foreign portfolio investment will continue to be 24%.

This article talks about the new monetary union between Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Leaders of the countries have recently signed an agreement with the expectation that it will to boost the economy through the change of currency. That change would not only encourage the trade between the countries, but also would attract more investors. Kitariko,chief executive officer at African Alliance Uganda, said, however, that achieving a successful monetary union would require convergence of the union's economies, hinting that some challenges lay ahead.

I think we will see the change of the market of smartphone through the windows phone is about to start to pre-order. Windows phone is one of the biggest competitors of Iphone over the world. In this case, the supply of the smartphone increases. And I believe the demand or price of iphone is going to chance because of it, after people consider about the oppotunity cost of either buying iphone or windows phone.

Yes I do agree with you that the "windows fones" are going to create a huge competition with the apple iphone and i think this is a positive aspect to the phone market because now the iphone will probably not dominate the phone market anymore and it's price will drop, making it more availible to people. Also this is a positive aspect that there is competition because it will lower the prices of telephones in generally making it more availible to everyone. Adding to the competotion aspect, it will force the to companys to finance their reserch even more, to try and beat their opposition, which will improve the technology of telephones of our day!

This article disclose a description of the situation about education in Asia. There are a lot of kids who want to get an English-language education in countries like USA or UK, but they would like to stay closer to their families, because not everybody can easily leave home and go to foreign country alone. Because of the high demand for schools that give international-level-education in English, there are more and more schools like that. But still I think supply of that type of education and schools is miserable, and that might be one of the reasons why the prices are so high. For example, in Kazakhstan we have a British school - Haileybury. It has an IB program as well as Riverstone International School does, the one that I go to. But! Riverstone is situated in Idaho, USA, and charges about $15,000 for one year of High School. Haileybury - aroung $32,000. The reason why I mentioned the location of Riverstone is because of the huge difference between being in US and Kazakhstan. Staying here in America helps to study English and understand cultural difference, being back in Kazakhstan, helps to stick to your family, but one will never fully undestand that international tone and go beyond certain level of English. Plus the prices are very different even if we would add tickets, insurance, etc, to go to America is even cheaper and has more benefits and positive sides. So in the conclusion, I just want to say that these type of schools is demanded by a lot of Asian (and not only Asian) students, but can be afforded only by affluent middle classes. Thus I hope there would be more supply of that type of schools, which led to competition between schools and cheaper prices (or our education system will change and we will have one standard system everywhere).

The demand of the apps for smartphones is growing. Year by year there appear more applications with special function. The people need applications to edit photo, or hit an egg-stealing pig. Now days there is a lot of young people that design and create new apps for the smartphones because demand for the is increasing. The iphone and the Ipad bring big changes in the game industry and started a new era.

The article shows that the selling for iphone 5 have been incredible. It's because the demand for the new iphone is extremely high so that it took only an hour for Apple's site to change its shipping estimates for the product to two weeks. And it's now the most expensive smartphone over the world due to the high demand of iphone. And i think it's also because of the supply of the phone is limited, which is much less than the demand. Further more, in the demand supply graph, the increase in demand causes the demand graph shifts to right, which shows us how the price goes up and the company are going to have more income. I think that's how the news relates to the topic for this week.

This article describes the effect of raising taxes on the people. Tax payed by the rich can be used by the government for man reasons such as implementing new policies, improving public amenities, and to benefit the poor. The article says that raising taxes has two main effects, one that people work less since work is now less rewarding. It also may cause people to feel the need to work longer hours because the might need to make some more money to keep the household running. One important determinant of the effect of tax rates is the relative position compared to other countries. Another is the international mobility. This mobility occurs because people believe that in other countries with lower taxes their pay will be greater and they can live a better life. The greater the mobility, the greater the elasticity of supply with respect to changes in taxes.

This article talks about the change in supply of oil in different regions.

In this article you can learn something about the copper, for example the market of copper was growing during the last years because the demand for copper was constantly growing but this year the situation has changed. The main reason is the depression of the market and the public deficit. Indeed, although exchange inventory is down by some 100,000 tons this year, much of this has simply shifted to higher inventories in China. HSBC estimates this year to show a 200,000-ton surplus, although this is down from an early estimate of 340,000, but is in stark contrast to the World Bureau of Metal Statistics which recently reported the January-to-August-2012 deficit as 299,000 tons. However the future situation of the copper seems to be good because the market of copper will grow across 2013.The bank believes the market is likely to remain in surplus through the middle of the decade, with a peak of some 600,000 tons reached by 2015.

This article presents a very good explanation what is income elasticity and how it may affect producers choices and sales. The article includes four main parts: types of products, types of customers, product life cycle and determing income elasticity. In the section "Types of products" author points how small businessses and luxury items' producers are affected by people's income, and how can they improve sales. Second section talks about targeting of the customers, for example some companies may focus on people with high-income, so consumers are not sensitive to the changes in price. Product Life Cycle section talks about aging of the product and appearing of the substitutes, and the ways of overcoming that problems, attracting consumers. And the last part of an article describes how to determine an income elasticity of demand. It is a good article that helps to increase understanding.