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Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

Flu vaccine shows low effectiveness against the main circulating strain seen so far thi... - 0 views

  • rovided low protection this winter again
  • lu infection caused by one particular subtype, H3N2
  • found that vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory confirmed influenza was estimated to be 3% overall
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • viruses circulating this season by antigenic and genetic analysis, and has found evidence of drift compared to the A(H3N2) virus strain in the flu vaccine.
  • It’s not possible to fully predict the strains
  • Antiviral drugs are available and effective, and doctors should prescribe them for those at greatest risk of becoming seriously ill due to flu.
  • influenza activity is stabilising, but evidence of significant excess mortality, particularly in the elderly, continues to be seen, with more deaths than expected at this time of the year.
  • importance of early prescribing of antivirals for vulnerable groups to reduce the risk of serious illness.
Sa'Bachthani-Jasmine Richardson

CDC Presents Updated Estimates of Flu Vaccine Effectiveness for the 2014-2015 Season | ... - 0 views

  • How well the flu vaccine works can vary depending on a number of factors
  • vaccine
  • iruses, and the age, health or immune status of the person vaccinated
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  • similarity between circulating influenza viruses
  • None of the VE estimates by age
  • the flu vaccine is having a
  • small effect
  • insufficient samples sizes
skylarjackson093

Vaccination & Vaccine Safety | Flu.gov - 0 views

  • The flu vaccine is available by shot or nasal spray.Get your flu shot or spray as soon as the vaccine is available in your area.It is especially important to get the vaccine if you, someone you live with, or someone you care for is at high risk of complications from the flu.Mild reactions such as soreness, headaches, and fever are common side effects of the flu vaccine.If you experience a severe reaction such as difficulty breathing, hives, or facial swelling, seek medical attention immediately.
  • There are two different types of flu vaccines, trivalent and quadrivalent.
  • Quadivalent vaccines protect against 4 strains of the flu, A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and 2 strains of influenza B. Quadrivalent vaccines are available in:Traditional flu shots, approved for anyone 6 months and olderNasal spray, approved for healthy people from 2-49, except pregnant women
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  • one flu season.
  • Seasonal flu vaccines have a very good safety track record.
  • If you are sick with a fever, you should wait until your fever is gone before getting a flu shot.
  • Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection siteFainting, mainly in adolescentsHeadachesFeverNausea
  • Possible mild side effects
  • Runny noseWheezingHeadacheVomitingMuscle achesFever
  • Serious side effects
  • Difficulty breathingHoarsenessSwelling around the eyes or lipsHivesPalenessWeaknessRacing heartDizzinessBehavior changesHigh fever
  • No, you cannot get the flu from the flu shot or the nasal spray.
  • A severe allergy to chicken eggsA history of severe reaction to a flu vaccinationA moderate-to-severe illness with a fever (you should wait until you are better to get the vaccine)A history of Guillain–Barré Syndrome (a severe paralytic illness, also called GBS)
yarelisfl

Influenza prevention - 0 views

  • prevent influenza is by getting the influenza vaccine
  • flu season usually occurs between November and April.
  • The vaccine usually protects 50 to 80 percent of those who are vaccinated from getting the flu
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  • increase the risk of a nervous system disorder called Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • The flu vaccine is recommended for nearly all people six months of age and older. The vaccine is especially important for:
  • handwashing
  • at least 24 hours af
  • The most effective way to prevent influenza is by getting the influenza vaccine (the flu shot or flu nasal spray) and using simple infection control measures such as hand washing. Antiviral medicines can also help prevent infection if you are exposed to the flu.
  •  Because the influenza virus changes (or "mutates") slightly from year to year, you need a new influenza vaccine before each flu season. People should get the flu vaccine soon after it has become available to get the most benefit.
  • People who are vaccinated form antibodies (proteins), which destroy the influenza virus after the person is exposed. It generally takes about two weeks to make these antibodies.
  • Vaccine formulations — The flu vaccine is available in three forms in the United States, as an injection into the muscle, as an injection into the skin, and as a nasal spray
  • The injection of the flu vaccine into the muscle (regular flu shot) is approved for adults and children 6 months and older. In older adults, a high-dose version of this vaccine works a little better than the standard-dose version;
  • The injection of flu vaccine into the skin in what is called an intradermal injection is approved for adults aged 18 to 64 years.
  • The nasal spray is approved only for healthy children age 2 years and older and healthy adults up to 49 years. In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the nasal spray instead of the regular flu shot for healthy children 2 to 8 years of age when it is immediately available.
  • Vaccine side effects — People who get the vaccine as an injection (either into muscle or skin) can have reactions at the injection site. Intramuscular injections can cause redness, swelling, and/or soreness at the site. Intradermal injections can cause redness, swelling, and/or itching. The high-dose intramuscular vaccine and the intradermal vaccine are more likely to cause local reactions than the standard-dose intramuscular vaccine
  • Antiviral medicines can help to reduce the chances of developing the flu after being exposed to someone who is infected. These medicines can also be used in certain people who are at risk for developing complications from the flu and who cannot receive the flu vaccine.
  • INFLUENZA VACCINE
  • Getting the influenza vaccine is the most effective way to reduce the chance of becoming infected with the flu. People who get the influenza vaccine have a lower chance of illness and death from influenza compared with people who are not vaccinated. (See "Seasonal influenza vaccination in adults" and "Seasonal influenza in children: Prevention with vaccines".)
  •  
    Vaccine
marketmercado123

Influenza: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology - 0 views

  • (CDC) estimates that seasonal influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually.[1]
  • Mortality is highest in infants and the elderly
  • High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors
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  • signs and symptoms:
  • elderly or high-risk patients with pulmonary symptoms, chest radiography should be performed to exclude pneumonia.
  • Influenza has traditionally been diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria
  • The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples
  • FeverSore throatMyalgiasFrontal or retro-orbital headacheNasal dischargeWeakness and severe fatigueCough and other respiratory symptomsTachycardiaRed, watery eyes
  • Prevention of influenza is the most effective management strategy
  • CDC analyzes the vaccine subtypes each year and makes any necessary changes on the basis of worldwide trends.
  • other public health measures are also effective in limiting influenza transmission in closed environments.
  • Traditionally, the vaccine is trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against 3 viral subtypes
  • influenza is responsible for an average of more than 20,000 deaths annually.[1]
  • High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with
  • tandar
  • -dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial.[
  • A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine.
  • The percentage of seniors with postvaccination hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 1:40
  • Influenza has traditionally been diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria, but rapid diagnostic tests, which have a high degree of specificity but only moderate sensitivity, are becoming more widely used. The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. In elderly or high-risk patients with pulmonary symptoms, chest radiography should be performed to exclude pneumonia.
  • Although reports of at least one serious adverse event were greater in the IIV3-HD group (8.3%) than in the IIV3-SD group (9.0%) (relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99), all resolved by the end of the study and none required discontinuation from the study
  • The incubation period of influenza is 2 days long on average but may range from 1 to 4 days in length.
  • may be possible for transmission to occur via asymptomatic persons or persons with subclinical disease, who may be unaware that they have been exposed to the disease
  • FeverSore throatMyalgiasFrontal or retro-orbital headacheNasal dischargeWeakness and severe fatigueCough and other respiratory symptomsTachycardiaRed, watery eyes
  • The presentation of influenza virus infection varies, but it usually includes many of the following signs and symptoms:
  • Fever Sore throat Myalgias Frontal or retro-orbital headache Nasal discharge Weakness and severe fatigue Cough and other respiratory symptoms Tachycardia Red, watery eyes
  • Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries
  •  
    "High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with the standard-dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial.[3, 4] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. The multicenter trial was performed during the influenza seasons of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in Canada and the United States.[3, 4]"
alexxabrown

CDC Reports About 90 Percent of Children Who Died From Flu This Season Not Vaccinated |... - 4 views

  • 90 percent occurred in children who had not received a flu vaccination this season.
    • alexxabrown
       
      Without the use of a vaccine, children are more likely to succumb to this illness
  • 60 percent of deaths occurred in children who were at high risk of developing serious flu-related complications, but 40 percent of these children had no recognized chronic health problems.
  • Children younger than 5 years of age and children of any age with certain chronic health conditions, including asthma or other lung disorders, heart disease, or a neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorder are at high risk of developing serious complications from flu infection.
    • alexxabrown
       
      High risk groups
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  • during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, which lasted from April 15, 2009 to October 2, 2010, 348 pediatric deaths were reported to CDC.
  • took a high toll on children.
  • Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all children 6 months to 18 years of age since the 2008-2009 influenza season
  • this season’s vaccine was found to be about 60 percent effective in preventing medically attended influenza illness. This number was lower among people 65 and older, but flu vaccination reduced a child’s risk of having to go to the doctor because of flu by more than 60 percent
  • nnual flu vaccination as the first and best step in preventing influenza.
  • antiviral drugs as a second line of defense against flu
    • alexxabrown
       
      Another preventative method 
arytman716

Flu: Overview & Facts - 2 views

  • Overview & Facts
  • What Is Flu? What Is Flu?
  • Stomach Flu or Influenza?
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  • Children and Flu
  • Understanding Bird Flu
  • Causes Causes of Flu
  • Are You at Risk? Flu: What Puts You at Risk?
  • Prevention Flu Prevention Strategies
  • Flu Shot: Influenza Vaccine & Side Effects
  • What Is FluMist?
  • Use Your Immune System to Prevent Flu
alexxabrown

Key Facts about Influenza (Flu) & Flu Vaccine | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC - 2 views

  • What is influenza (also called flu)?
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.
  • Signs and symptoms of flu
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  • People who have the flu often feel some or all of these signs and symptoms:
  • Fever*
  • though this is more common in children than adults.
  • It’s important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.
  • How flu spreads
  • Most experts believe that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk.
  • Period of contagiousness
  • You may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • How serious is the flu?
  • Flu is unpredictable and how severe it is can vary widely from one season to the next depending on many things, including:
  • Certain people are at greater risk for serious complications if they get the flu. This includes older people, young children, pregnant women and people with certain health conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease).Flu seasons are unpredictable and can be severe. Over a period of 30 years, between 1976 and 2006, estimates of flu-associated deaths in the United States range from a low of about 3,000 to a high of about 49,000 people.
  • Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.
    • shaneep110
       
      Not to Self: I have asthma relate that during essay.
  • Prevent seasonal flu: Get vaccinated
  • The single best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine each season. There are several flu vaccine options for the 2014-2015 flu season.Traditional flu vaccines made to protect against three different flu viruses (called “trivalent” vaccines) are available. In addition, flu vaccines made to protect against four different flu viruses (called “quadrivalent” vaccines) also are available.
  • Trivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses (an H1N1 and an H3N2) and an influenza B virus.
  • While seasonal influenza outbreaks can happen as early as October, most of the time influenza activity peaks in January or later. Since it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body that protect against influenza virus infection, it is best that people get vaccinated so they are protected before influenza begins spreading in their community.
  • When to get vaccinated against seasonal flu
  • Yearly flu vaccination should begin soon after flu vaccine is available, and ideally by October. However, getting vaccinated even later can be protective, as long as flu viruses are circulating.
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.
  • Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.
  • The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.
  • Most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • ay be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick.
    • denaehooks391
       
      You  can have  the flu even  before you  realize  it. This  is  an important factor on why you should get  a vaccine.
    • denaehooks391
       
      You  can have  the flu even  before you  realize  it. This  is  an important factor on why you should get  a vaccine.
  • flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk
    • denaehooks391
       
      It is important to WASH your hands after  you have direct  contact with anything.
    • denaehooks391
       
      It is important to WASH your hands after  you have direct  contact with anything.
  • viruses that infect the nose, throat, and
  • he flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza
  • lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.
  • Fever* or feeling feverish/chills Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle or body aches Headaches Fatigue (very tired) Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults.
  • droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby
  • might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus
  • hen touching their own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.
  • may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick.
  • specially young children and people with weakened immune systems, might be able to infect others for an even longer time
  • what flu viruses are spreading, how much flu vaccine is available when vaccine is available how many people get vaccinated, and how well the flu vaccine is matched to flu viruses that are causing illness.
  • prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine each season
  • congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.
  • Complications of flu can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions
  • virus. The following trivalent flu vaccines are available:
  • flu vaccines made to protect against three different flu viruses (called “trivalent” vaccines)
  • several flu vaccine options for the 2015-2016 flu season.
  • Trivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses (an H1N1 and an H3N2) and an influenza B
  • are manufactured using virus grown in eggs
  • approved for people of different ages.
  • flu shots are given with a needle
  • re approved for use in people as young as 6 months of age
  • standard dose tr
  • ivalent shot also can be given with a jet injector(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/jet-injector.htm), for persons aged 18 through 64 years. A high-dose trivalent shot(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_fluzone.htm), a
  • pproved for people 65 and older.
  • A trivalent shot containing virus grown in cell culture(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/cell-based.htm), which is approved for people 18 and older.
  • A recombinant trivalent shot that is egg-free(http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/qa_flublok-vaccine.htm), approved for people 18 years and older.
  • he quadrivalent flu vaccine protects against two influenza A viruses and two influenza B viruses.
  • Yearly flu vaccination should begin soon after flu vaccine is available, and ideally by October
  • etting vaccinated even later can be protective, as long as flu viruses are circulating
  • Since it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body that protect against influenza virus infection, it is best that people get vaccinated so they are protected before influenza begins spreading in their community.
  • Everyone 6 months of age and older should get a flu vaccine every season.
  • Vaccination to prevent influenza is particularly important for people who are at high risk of serious complications from influenza
  • contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.
    • alexxabrown
       
      Clear definition of Influenza, followed by brief description of effects as well "the best" preventative method
  • contagious respiratory illness
akea482

Influenza Research - 0 views

  • Influenza viruses are important pathogens that can cause sporadic respiratory diseases, annual epidemics and (in case of influenza A virus) periodic pandemics
  • Influenza researchers at five sites in the United States received funds from the American National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to collaborate with scientists worldwide in a network designed to advance understanding of influenza viruses – especially how they cause disease. The centers are based in Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (New York City), Emory University (Atlanta), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (Memphis), University of Rochester Medical Center (Rochester) and Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore).
  • Two classes of antiviral medications are currently used for the treatment of influenza, but each has limitations in scope and its effectiveness.
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  • Antigenic diversity of the virus and constant influx of new subtypes allow the virus to become resistant to these antiviral drugs and evade vaccines. There is therefore a continuing need for new anti-influenza therapeutics using novel targets and creative strategies.
  • An aggressive immune response known as the cytokine storm plays an important role in causing significant tissue injury and mortality following human pathogenic influenza virus
  • bacterial infections in the lungGSK starts shipping FLUARIX
  • infection
  • most vaccine formulations for influenza are still produced by rather old-fashioned techniques that have been in use for over 60 years. Such methods involve the growth and passaging of the vaccine strains in embryonated chicken eggs, therefore production and subsequent formulation can take several months and rely
  •  
    influenza vaccine research
david_good14

Influenza (Seasonal Flu)-Prevention - 0 views

  • You can help prevent influenza by getting immunized with an influenza vaccine each year as soon as it's available.
  • Most healthy people ages 2 through 49 years can choose to get the nasal spray form(What is a PDF document?) of the vaccine (such as FluMist) instead of the flu shot.
  • contains components of live viruses,
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  • vaccination with either the flu shot or the nasal spray is considered safe.
  • If the nasal spray vaccine is used, contact with anyone in this high-risk group should be avoided for 7 days.
  • Immunization with the inactivated virus (flu shot) is preferred over the nasal spray vaccine for close contacts of people with severely impaired immune systems during times when a protected environment is needed.
  • You should not get the nasal spray if you:
  • Have lung disease, including asthma.
  • Have a condition (such as a seizure disorder or cerebral palsy) that can cause breathing or swallowing problems.
  • Are younger than age 20 and you take aspirin or products with aspirin in them.
  • Even if a flu vaccine does not prevent the flu, it can reduce the severity of flu symptoms and decrease the risk of complications.
  • flu shot results in fewer days missed from work and fewer visits to a doctor for respiratory infections, and it reduces the number of people who develop complications from the flu, such as pneumonia.2
  • flu vaccine can help protect the babies of women who got the vaccine while they were pregnant.3, 4
  • Some do not get the vaccine because of myths they believe about the flu or the vaccines. These include beliefs that the flu is a minor illness or that the vaccine causes the flu.
  • The shot may cause side effects, such as soreness or fever, but they are usually minor and do not last long.
  • type of flu shot (Fluzone Intradermal) is available that uses a much smaller needle than a regular flu shot.
  • it is injected into the skin instead of into a muscle. This usually causes less discomfort at the time of the shot. People 18 to 64 years old can get this shot. But it may not be available everywhere.
  • Yearly immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine(What is a PDF document?) (flu shot) or the nasal spray flu vaccine(What is a PDF document?) prevents flu infection and its complications in most people.
  • Yearly immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine(What is a PDF document?) (flu shot) or the nasal spray flu vaccine(What is a PDF document?) prevents flu infection and its complications in most people.
  • Have heart disease.
  • Have diabetes or kidney disease.Have a disease or take a medicine that causes problems with your immune system.
  •  
    Influenza preventions 
chamonsta

Epidemiology of Avian Influenza - 0 views

  • Avian influenza (AI) is caused by specified viruses that are members of the family Orthomyxoviridae and placed in the genus influenzavirus A
  • There are three influenza genera - A, B and C;
  • Domestic fowl, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail and pheasants are susceptible.
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  • Disease outbreaks occur most frequently in domestic fowl and turkeys. A particular isolate may produce severe disease in turkeys but not in chickens or any other avian species. Therefore, it would be impossible to generalize on the host range for avian influenza, for it will likely vary with the isolate. This assumption is supported by reports of farm outbreaks where only a single avian species of several species present on the farm became infected. Many species of wild birds particularly water birds and seabirds - are also susceptible, but infections in these birds are generally sub-clinical.
  • athogenic strains could emerge and cause disease in domestic poultry in any country at any time without warning. In fact, outbreaks have occurred at irregular intervals on all continents.
  • he most serious outbreaks in recent times have been reported in Hong Kong 1997-1998 and 2003, Chile 2002, The Netherlands 2003 and South East Asia 2004-2006.
  • he incubation period is 3 to 5 days in general but may be longer. Maximal incubation period is 21 days as defined by the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
  • Inactivated quality assured oil-emulsion vaccines have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality, preventing disease, or both, in chickens and turkeys. These vaccines, however, may not prevent infection in some individual birds, and if infected could shed virulent virus. Nevertheless, the amount virus shed is considerable less than that of non-vaccinated and infected birds. It is imperative that the circulating antigenic avian influenza virus is known and the vaccine represent this antigenic strain, since there is no cross-protection among the 15 known HA subtypes.
  • Birds that die of peracute disease may show minimal gross lesions, consisting of dehydration and congestion of viscera and muscles.
  • The following diseases must be considered in the differential diagnosis of virulent AI: Other diseases causing sudden high mortality Newcastle disease infectious laryngotracheitis duck plague acute poisonings
junpark126

Vaccine Effectiveness - How Well Does the Flu Vaccine Work? | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) ... - 2 views

  • can range widely from season to season.
  • Does the flu vaccine work the same for everyone?No.
  •  
    Vaccination
asiacarrasco03

The silent epidemic: CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA - 0 views

  • Crowding frequent skin-to-skin Contact Compromised skin (cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces lack of Cleanliness.
  • Crowding frequent skin-to-skin Contact Compromised skin (cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces lack of Cleanliness.
  • Crowding frequent skin-to-skin Contact Compromised skin (cuts or abrasions) Contaminated items and surfaces lack of Cleanliness.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • CA-MRSA is clinically and biologically distinct from HA-MRSA. The epidemiology and incidence of each strain of MRSA is changing and has become a worldwide problem. Understanding differences of these two strains is required to effectively prevent, treat, and manage orthopaedic patients.
  • Medicare and Medicaid health insurance programs will halt reimbursements for treating hospital-acquired infections and other “preventable” conditions.
  • Data supporting preoperative decolonization in orthopaedic patients is also limited
  • The data clearly suggest that S aureus and MRSA should become a national priority for disease control. The more resistant vancomycin-intermediate-sensitive S aureus and vancomycin-resistant S aureus potentially loom as even greater problems. Only vigilant prevention and implementation of the most current treatment protocols will provide an increased margin of safety.
klong886

Treatment for the Flu | Flu.gov - 0 views

  • Your health care provider may prescribe antiviral medications to make your illness milder and prevent serious complications.
  • Over-the-counter medications may relieve some flu symptoms but will not make you less contagious.
  • Placing a cool, damp washcloth on your forehead, arms, and legs to reduce discomfort associated with a fever
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  • plenty of rest
  • Drinking clear fluids
  • Covering up with a warm blanket to calm chills
  • humidifier in your room to make breathing easier
  • treat flu symptoms without medication by:
  • Gargling salt water
  • to soothe a sore throat
  • Antiviral medications are prescription pills, liquids, or inhalers used to prevent or treat flu viruses.
  • There are four antiviral drugs approved for treating the flu in the United States—oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), amantadine (Symmetrel), and rimantadine (Flumadine).
  • f you get the flu, antiviral medications can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious complications from the flu. Antiviral medications work best when started within the first two days of getting sick.If you are exposed to the flu, antiviral medication can prevent you from becoming sick. 
  • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
  • They are not effective against viral infections like the flu.
klong886

How Is the Flu Diagnosed? - 0 views

  • the flu is often diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms and a flu test.
  • Common flu symptoms include:
  • Fever Fatigue/exhaustion Cough Body aches Headache
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  • may be prescribed antiviral medications
  • your health care provider may decide that you should be tested for the flu. Usually, this will involve a nasal or throat culture and the test can be run in the office.
  • While these tests are useful, they are not definitive when making a flu diagnosis because false negatives are fairly common
  • If you believe you might have the flu, try to see your health care provider within the first 48 hours of the onset of your symptoms.
  • And if you need treatment with antiviral medications, they are more likely to be effective
alishaa286

Influenza (Flu) - 0 views

  • Influenza, commonly known as "the flu," is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract
  • Although flu vaccine is recommended for everyone aged 6 months or older, in times when the vaccine is in short supply, certain people need it more than others. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) often will recommend that certain high-risk groups be given priority when flu shot supplies are limited. Call your doctor or local public health department about vaccine availability in your area.
  • Some kids with the flu need to be hospitalized.
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  • flu season runs from October to May
  • The vaccine prevents against infection from the flu viruses that researchers predict will be most common in the upcoming year
  • most cases occurring between late December and early March
  • For a severely ill child or one with other special circumstances, a doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine that can decrease the duration of illness by 1-2 days and prevent potential complications of the flu
  • If an antiviral medication is prescribed, be sure to discuss any possible side effects with your doctor.
  • Given as an injection, the flu shot contains killed flu viruses that will not cause the flu, but will prepare the body to fight off infection from that particular type of live flu virus if someone comes into contact with it.
  • Symptoms, which usually begin about 2 days after exposure to the virus, can include: fever chills headache muscle aches dizziness loss of appetite tiredness cough sore throat runny nose nausea or vomiting weakness ear pain diarrhe
  • all kids 6 months through 4 years old anyone 65 years and older all women who are pregnant, are considering pregnancy, have recently given birth, or are breastfeeding during flu season anyone whose immune system is weakened from medications or illnesses (like HIV infection) residents of long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes any adult or child with chronic medical conditions, such as asthma kids or teens who take aspirin regularly and are at risk for developing Reye syndrome if they get the flu all health care personnel caregivers or household contacts of anyone in a high-risk group (like children younger than 5 years old, especially those younger than 6 months, and those with high-risk conditions) Native Americans and Alaskan natives
  • The nasal mist contains weakened live flu viruses that cannot cause the severe symptoms typically associated with the flu, but can cause some mild symptoms
  • drink lots of fluids to prevent dehydration get plenty of sleep and take it easy take acetaminophen or ibuprofen to relieve fever and aches (do not give aspirin to children or teens as it may cause a rare but serious illness called Reye syndrome) wear layers, since the flu often makes them cold one minute and hot the next (wearing layers — like a T-shirt, sweatshirt, and robe — makes it easy to add or subtract clothes as needed)
  • Kids who are sick should stay home from school and childcare until they are without fever for at least 24 hours without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.
  • So to have the best protection against the flu, it's important to get the vaccine every year.
  • It is given in places like hospitals, clinics, community centers, pharmacies, doctor's offices, and schools
  • infants under 6 months old anyone who's ever had a severe reaction to a flu vaccination anyone with Guillain-Barré syndrome (a rare condition that affects the immune system and nerves)
  • After 5 days, fever and other symptoms have usually disappeared, but a cough and weakness may continue
  • Call the doctor if your child:
  • has flu symptoms has a high fever, or fever with a rash has trouble breathing or rapid breathing has bluish skin color is not drinking enough fluids seems very sleepy or lethargic seems confused has flu symptoms that get better, but then get worse
  • All symptoms are usually gone within a week or two
  • The flu is contagious, spread by virus-infected droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air
  • The flu usually occurs in small outbreaks, but epidemics — when the illness spreads rapidly and affects many people in an area at the same time — tend to occur every few years. Epidemics often peak within 2 or 3 weeks after the first cases occur.
  • Preventing the Flu From Spreading There's no guaranteed way — including being vaccinated — to prevent anyone from getting the flu
  • Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently with soap, especially after using the bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, and before eating. Never pick up used tissues. Never share cups and eating utensils. Stay home from work or school when you're sick with the flu. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, then put it in the trash. If a tissue isn't available, cough or sneeze into your upper arm, not into your hands.
hfaulk766

WHO | Influenza (Seasonal) - 0 views

  • cute viral infection that spreads easily from person to person.
  • irculate worldwide and can affect anybody in any age group.
  • peak during winter in temperate regions.
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • severe illness and death in high risk populations.
  • 3 types of seasonal influenza viruses
  • A, B and C.
  • C influenza cases occur much less frequently than A and B.
  • circulate in all parts of the world.
  • Seasonal influenza spreads easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes,
  • easonal influenza vaccines.
  • onset of high fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and runny nose. Cough can be severe and can last 2 or more weeks. Mo
  • as the incubation period, is about 2 days.
  • affect all population
  • children younger than age 2 years, adults aged 65 years or older, pregnant women, and people of any age with certain medical condition
  • such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), or weakened immune systems.
  • only influenza A and B vi
  • businesses or towns.
  • infected droplets get into the air and another person can breathe them in and be exposed.
  • nnual attack rate estimated at 5%–10% in adults and 20%–30% in children.
  • about 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths.
  • ost deaths associated with influenza occur among people age 65 or older.
  • . Clinics and hospital
  • during peak illness periods.
  • most effective way to prevent
  • vaccination.
  • WHO recommends annual vaccination for:
  • pregnant women at any stage of pregnancy children aged 6 months to 5 years elderly individuals (≥65 years of age) individuals with chronic medical conditions health-care workers.
  •  
    facts, symptoms, recommended vaccination, who is in risk, and prevention.
hfaulk766

Treatment for the Flu | Flu.gov - 0 views

  • treat flu symptoms without medication by:
  • Getting plenty of restDrinking clear fluids like water, broth, sports drinks, or electrolyte beverages to prevent becoming dehydratedPlacing a cool, damp washcloth on your forehead, arms, and legs to reduce discomfort associated with a feverPutting a humidifier in your room to make breathing easierGargling salt water (1:1 ratio warm water to salt) to soothe a sore throatCovering up with a warm blanket to calm chills
  • Decongestants can ease discomfort from stuffy noses, sinuses, ears, and chests
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • ntiviral medications are prescription pills, liquids, or inhalers used to prevent or treat flu viruses. They are approved for adults and children one year and older.
  • seltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), amantadine (Symmetrel), and rimantadine (Flumadine).
  • ntiviral medications work best when started within the first two days of getting sick.
  • ot effective against viral infections like the flu.
arytman716

Influenza (flu) Prevention - Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic - 2 views

  • Wash your hands.
  • Contain your coughs and sneezes.
  • Thorough and frequent hand-washing is the best way to prevent many common infections. Scrub your hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • To avoid contaminating your hands, cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the inner crook of your elbow
  • Each year's seasonal flu vaccine contains protection from the three influenza viruses that are expected to be the most common during that year's flu season. The vaccine is typically available as an injection or as a nasal spray.
  • Or use alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't readily available.
  • Avoid crowds
  • Flu spreads easily wherever people congregate — in child care centers, schools, office buildings, auditoriums and public transportation
    • ecampos693
       
      Article is good for controlling and preventing on influenza..
  • flu vaccination
  • By avoiding crowds during peak flu season, you reduce your chances of infection.
    • abrown844
       
      Stay in the house, you don't have to be at EVERY function.
  • Controlling the spread of infection
  • Avoid crowds
  • vaccine isn't 100 percent effective,
  • Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough.
  • By avoiding crowds during peak flu season, you reduce your chances of infection
  • Prevention
  • e Centers for Disease Control and Prev
  •  
    prevention
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