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Roberto D

Ancient Greek Warriors - 0 views

www.ancientmilitary.com/greek-warriors.htm

Greek arms and armor

shared by Roberto D on 13 Oct 14 - Cached
  • ncient Greek warriors became the premier warriors of their classical world. Through intense internal warfare, they perfected heavy infantry tactics, and when they were united, they were able to defeat an invasion by Persia, the super-power of their day
  • reek culture, call
  • Greek culture, called Hellenistic, became dominate from Sicily to India.
Bridgitte F

Greek History - 0 views

ancient-greece.org/history.html

ancient greece history

shared by Bridgitte F on 29 Sep 15 - Cached
  • According to archaeological and historical sources the story of Greece began deep in prehistory, and has continued to our days.
  • This brief history of Greece is compiled here as an introduction to web readers and to provide the historical background that’s needed to appreciate all the subjects of Ancient Greek civilization. It was no easy task to compress the history of Ancient Greece into a concise format that would be appropriate both for Online reading and as a precise overview of the subject.
  • From the 6th and until the 2nd century BCE the Agora as the heart of the government, as a public place of debate, as a place of worship, and as marketplace, played a central role in the development of the Athenian ideals, and provided a healthy environment where the unique Democratic political system took its first wobbly steps on earth.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Delphi was inhabited since Mycenaean times (14th - 11th c. B.C.) by small settlements who were dedicated to the Mother Earth deity. The worship of Apollo as the god of light, harmony, and order was established between the 11th and 9th centuries. Slowly over the next five centuries the sanctuary grew in size and importance. During the 8th c. B.C. Delphi became internationally known for the Oracular powers of Pythia.
  • Dodona is an important ancient Greek oracle, second in fame only to Delphi. It is located in a strategic pass at the eastern slopes of the imposing Mt. Tomaros, close to the modern city of Ioannina in western Epiros. It was dedicated to Zeus and Dione, and the Greeks believed it to be the most ancient of oracles.
  • Archaeological evidence testifies to the island's habitation since the 7th millennium BC After the 5th millennium BC we find the first evidence of hand-made ceramic pottery which marks the beginning of the civilization Evans, the famed archaeologist who excavated Knossos, named "Minoan" after the legendary king Minos.
  • The sanctuary at Olympia (Ολυμπία) is positioned in a serene and fertile valley between the Alpheios and the Kladeos rivers in western Peloponnese, in Elis. It was the host of the Olympic games for a thousand years in antiquity.
Julia M

Greece Weather, Climate and Geography - 0 views

www.worldtravelguide.net/...weather-climate-geography

greece weather climate geography

shared by Julia M on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Greece has a warm Mediterranean climate.
  • Athens can be stiflingly hot, with temperatures occasionally exceeding 40°C (104°F) in July.
  • Winters are mild in the south but much colder in the mountainous north, where it is not uncommon to see snow and temperatures plummeting to well below zero.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In summer, dry hot days
  • Julia M on 29 Sep 15
     
    Geography of Greece
eric k

Ancient Egyptian Inventions - 0 views

www.ancient-egypt-online.com/cient-egyptian-inventions.html

shared by eric k on 04 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Lis t of Inventions in Ancient Egypt Black Ink First Ox-Drawn Plows 365 Day Calendar and Leap Year Paper First Triangular Shaped Pyramids Organized labor Hieroglyphics as an early system of writing Sails
    • eric k
      eric k on 04 Nov 11
       
      EricCMS ancient Egypt inventions
Dar'jon B

Ancient Egypt Inventions - 1 views

www.inventionpop.com/ancientegyptinventions.html

shared by Dar'jon B on 01 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • One of the ancient Egypt inventions that we take for granted nowadays is the calendar that lasted for 365 days and even included a leap year.
  • The pyramids themselves bring about a number of different ancient Egyptian inventions
  • such as the first known instance of black ink.
  • Dar'jon B on 01 Nov 11
     
    information on the Egypt Inventions
erick j

Ancient Roman Inventions - 2 views

www.mariamilani.com/...ancient_roman_inventions.htm

shared by erick j on 04 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Having set the background and gained a glimpse of just how thorny the subject could be it seems easiest to change tack and take the loosest of definitions. Listing some of the many things for which Ancient Rome might justly be remembered for....in no particular order: Advanced roads and road networks Milestones The standard width of our modern roads and tunnels is based on that of ancient Rome (there was a standard width for cart wheels, essentially based on the need of placing two horses side by side). The worn ruts in the roads made it virtually impossible to use any other measure. Triumphal arches Aqueducts (actually they learned much about structures from the Estruscans, but developed it to perfection) Bronze valves and water pumps. Huge numbers of instruments and tools for engineering, construction and measurement. The Romans were, after all, excellent engineers. For example you could purchase your access to water supply for set hours of the day or set quantities of water, which were dutifully metered and billed, pretty much as you would today, albeit with slighty different technology!. Medical and Surgical tools (mainly thanks to the Greeks actually but hugely developed as a consequence of the needs generated by Gladiatorial games and continuous war campaigns) Cesareans - sounds like Caesar doesn't it? Cesareans were often used to save the baby if the mother died during childbirth. Fast curing cement - hugely important discovery which allowed cement to cure and harden in short times and even under water. The ancient Romans realised that adding pozzolanic earth from volcanic regions (Eg Pozzuoli near Naples) to traditional mortar allowed a water proof and extremely solid mix. This could be used to waterproof the interior of aqueduct tunnels or extend the potentials of Roman architecture with impo
    • erick j
      erick j on 04 Nov 11
       
      The Romans invented many things that we use more perfected versions of today. I wonder what would happen if the ancients Romans didn't exist.
  • erick j on 04 Nov 11
     
    Here are some ancient Roman inventions.
  • erick j on 04 Nov 11
     
    This website has some good information on ancient Roman inventions.
Garth Holman

Ancient Greek Environment - Ancient Greece for Kids! - 1 views

www.historyforkids.org/...environment

ancient greek environment greece kids history

shared by Garth Holman on 14 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • The combination of good sailing and lousy farming tends to make Greeks try to get a living from the sea.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Oct 14
       
      How did these people make a living from the sea?  
  • There are several active volcanoes, and earthquakes are also very common. There is a nervous feeling that there could be a natural disaster at any time. This got the Greeks interested in a particular kind of religion which we call oracles. Oracles are the gods speaking to people, often in the form of minor earthquakes, and the gods tell the people what is going to happen in the future.
  • There used to be quite a lot of trees on the hillsides of Greece, but people cut most of them down, and now the hills of Greece are mostly bare, or have little bushes on them.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The soil is not very good for growing things, there are a lot of mountains that make it hard to walk from one place to another, and there is never enough fresh water.
  • what Greece does have is a lot of coastline
  • No part of Greece is more than about forty miles from the sea: a couple of days walking
  • in Greece, they were sailors
  • Greeks have always spent a lot of time sailing on the ocean.
Garth Holman

Spain and America: From Reconquest to Conquest - North Carolina Digital History - 1 views

www.learnnc.org/...1677

shared by Garth Holman on 19 May 14 - Cached
  • had been isolated from each other for 10,000 years.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 19 May 14
       
      If they have been isolated, how would that make them different? 
  • the human inhabitants of the “old” and “new” worlds developed vastly different cultures, languages, and religions; they found different ways of adapting to their different envinronments; and their bodies over hundreds of generations became resistant to the diseases of their different worlds. When the two great land masses were rejoined by European exploration, the resulting exchange of people, crops, animals, ideas, and diseases — called the “Columbian exchange” — changed both worlds forever.
  • Within a hundred years this small European nation had claimed the better part of two continents
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • disease.
  • They go as naked as their mothers bore them, even the women, though I only saw one girl, and she was very young. All those I did see were young men, none of them more than thirty years old.… They do not carry arms and do not know of them, because I showed them some swords and they grasped them by the blade and cut themselves out of ignorance
  • They ought to make good slaves for they are of quick intelligence, since I notice that they are quick to repeat what is said to them, and I believe that they could very easily become Chirstians, for it seemed to me that they had no religion of their own. God willing, when I come to leave I will bring six of them to Your Highnesses so that they may learn to speak
  • Columbus believed he had every right to take their land and make them into “servants.
  • With the native population gone, the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to grow their sugar cane
  • superiority to their enemies who had rejected Christianity, and they developed rules of war based on that superiority — including the right to enslave the people they conquered. Once Spain was reconquered, Muslims and Jews were forced to convert to Christianity or be expelled from Spain.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 19 May 14
       
      Forced + Fled = INQUISITION
  • In 1519 Hernán Cortés arrived in Mexico from Cuba with 11 galleons, 550 men, and 16 horses — the first horses on the American continent. Within two years his conquistadores, conquerors, had won control of the Aztec kingdom that spanned most of present-day Mexico and Central America.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 19 May 14
       
      How could this happen?  How could an empire of millions be destroyed and conquered by 550 men? 
  • One of Cortés’ soldiers had smallpox, and he started an epidemic that killed a third of the population of the Aztec empire.
  • Cortés for the deity Quetzalcoátl, or Plumed Serpent, who according to prophesy would return from the east to reclaim his kingdom — perhaps in 1519. When Cortés arrived — from the east, with fair skin, riding four-legged creatures never before seen in Mexico, wearing shining armor and looking for all the world like someone who wanted to reclaim a kingdom — Moctezuma feared that he might be Quetzalcoátl and did not immediately meet him in battle.
  • What Cortés and his men saw in Tenochtitlán horrified them.
  • The Spanish, more convinced than ever of their superiority, forced most of the people of Mexico to convert to Christianity. Priests burned Aztec books and destroyed idols and temples. Indigenous people were enslaved to work in gold mines. Disease reduced the population of Mexico from more than 20 million when Cortés arrived in 1519 to about 2 million by 1600.
  • By the 1600s, Spain was easily the most powerful kingdom in Europe.
  • We can estimate very surely and truthfully that in the forty years that have passed, with the infernal actions of the Christians, there have been unjustly slain more than twelve million men, women, and children. In truth, I believe without trying to deceive myself that the number of the slain is more like fifteen million.…
  • They attacked the towns and spared neither the children nor the aged nor pregnant women nor women in childbed, not only stabbing them and dismembering them but cutting them to pieces as if dealing with sheep in the slaughter house.
  • With still others, all those they wanted to capture alive, they cut off their hands and hung them round the victim’s neck, saying, “Go now, carry the message,” meaning, Take the news to the Indians who have fled to the mountains.
spencer s

How Did Geography Help Rome Rise to Power? | Education - Seattle PI - 3 views

education.seattlepi.com/aphy-rome-rise-power-5408.html

geography rome power

shared by spencer s on 01 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • the Alps and the Apennines, helped to protect Rome from invasion.
  • Any army attempting to attack Rome would be at risk of attack from the other side of the mountains.
  • seal off the peninsula from the rest of Europe during winter. This natural roadblock protected Rome from outside invasions by forcing attackers to move slowly through narrow passes, giving the Romans time to respond.
    • Phillip M
      Phillip M on 03 Dec 14
       
      these mountains helped Romans greatly while others come to attack. It would usually end up as Rome winning because they have time to prepare for the attack 
    • spencer s
      spencer s on 03 Dec 14
       
      Yeah i agree completely
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • suited for agriculture
  • volcanic ash made the soil near Rome some of the best in all of Europe. Rome attracted new settlers during its rise to power due to its agricultural potentia
  • The Roman population grew quickly, thanks to surplus production of grains, olives and other crops. The extra population later helped Rome's military expansion by providing a large supply of troops.
  • establish trade ties with other Mediterranean powers, enhancing the city's economic might.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 14
       
      How did the Tiber River help to make Rome and economic Powerhouse in the Ancient World. 
  • position at the center of the Mediterranean Sea. As Smith notes, the Italian Peninsula is only 50 miles from Greece, while Sicily is less than 100 miles from Africa. Rome is also a short voyage by boat from Spain and only a few days' journey to France on horseback. Its central location made Rome a desirable trading post even before the city's rise to power. This centrality later helped the Romans administer their empire effectively by reducing communication times.
  • Several geographic advantages helped Rome to grow and ultimately dominate the known world.
dcs-armstrong

Alexander The Great | Smore - 2 views

www.smore.com/h76fk-alexander-the-great

shared by dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • ost successful military commanders
  • Pella ,Gr
  • her,P
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Although
  • ral.Alexa
  • e , ri
  • covered 3,000
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      I think an addition of a map either here or in the first paragraph showing all of the land he was able to conquer using modern day countries ex. Spain, Egypt 
  • miles
  • age of 20!!!.
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      What about adding another heading like Alexander the Great's Legacy? Then in there you can talk about the Hellenistic culture that he helped spread throughout the empire. 
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      Rather than talking about the specific battles maybe talk about how he used the spread of Greek culture, along with other cultures to help make hi successful. He was also able to encourage loyalty through his actions towards religion (I don't want to say much here because I think you will find it interesting and I don't want to ruin it for you :) 
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 25 Nov 14
       
      I like the video I haven't looked at any of the others but this is one is pretty good. 
    • Dana N
      Dana N on 25 Nov 14
       
      Thank you for the advice and thanks for reading this and telling me the mistakes. Thank you very much!!
Kanrry K

Romulus and Remus - 0 views

www.historylearningsite.co.uk/romulus_and_remus.htm

shared by Kanrry K on 01 Dec 14 - Cached
  • Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. They were abandoned by their parents as babies and put into a basket that was then placed into the River Tiber. The basket ran aground and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed the babies for a short time before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then brought up the twins.
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 02 Dec 14
       
      You can still see statues like this one all over Rome. 
  • The city of Rome grew out of a number of settlements that existed around seven hills that were near the River Tiber. The settlements were near the river for the obvious reasons of a water supply. The Tiber was also narrow enough at this point to be bridged. However, the area also suffered because of the nearness of the river. Each settlement was separated from the other by marshland. Each individual settlement was vulnerable to attack as a single settlement. By joining together they were stronger. To join together, the marshland had to be drained. This was something that took years to do. The legend of Romulus and Remus gives the impression that Rome was created very quickly; the truth was very different. 
  • successful farmers and traders and they became rich and successful.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Rome from its early days was a rich city
  • Romans fought against the Etruscans and the Samnite
  • given
  • credit
  • ounding
  • Ancient Rome
  • By joining together they were stronger.
    • Phillip M
      Phillip M on 02 Dec 14
       
      for all of this it talks about what geography was around river tiber. And also talks about how narrow it is
  • This story, of course, is only a legend. The actual growth of Rome is less exotic and interesting. The city of Rome grew out of a number of settlements that existed around seven hills that were near the River Tiber. The settlements were near the river for the obvious reasons of a water supply. The Tiber was also narrow enough at this point to be bridged. However, the area also suffered because of the nearness of the river. Each settlement was separated from the other by marshland.
    • Phillip M
      Phillip M on 02 Dec 14
       
      the image showed here is weird in a way but also makes sense. because if the wolf raised the two twins then it would have to feed them. But i don't think this is possible
    • Hriday D
      Hriday D on 02 Dec 14
       
      I know right i doubt this happened....
    • Brian L
      Brian L on 02 Dec 14
       
      I think so too.
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 02 Dec 14
       
      ..."The area also SUFFERED because of the nearness of the river..." The city was probably way too close to the river. - Kanrry
  • The date given for the founding of Rome is 753 BC.
  • decided to found a city where the wolf had found them
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 02 Dec 14
       
      That's a pretty good idea.  -Kanrry
  • Kanrry K on 02 Dec 14
     
    Legend of Ancient Rome.
Kanrry K

Ancient Greece - 1 views

www.ancient-greece.org/...intro.html

Greek Ancient

shared by Kanrry K on 13 Oct 14 - Cached
  • of ideas, concepts, and art to provide the foundation of what we call “western civilization”. However, the two previous millennia that lead to these ancient eras, as well as the other two millennia that succeeded them are all part of the history of Greece and have left just as rich a cultural footprint on the land.
  • The ancient Greek dialects are influential even to this day with much Greek vocabulary embedded in the Modern Greek and English languages.
  • The much-celebrated Renaissance was guided in large part by the re-discovery of the ancient Greek ideas through text and art, which were hitherto suppressed by the belief in the absolute authority of the supernatural power and the church.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Herodotus (484 – 425 BCE) is considered the Father of History, as he was the first who attempted to record events and human actions for the sole purpose of preserving them for future generations.
  • Kanrry K on 13 Oct 14
     
    Ancient Greece webpage.
Garth Holman

Biography for Kids: Julius Caesar - 0 views

www.ducksters.com/...julius_caesar.php

shared by Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • four Roman legions
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      In the military operations of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Julius Caesar, a legion was composed of 10 cohorts, with 4 cohorts in the first line and 3 each in the second and third lines. The 3,600 heavy infantry were supported by enough cavalry and light infantry to bring the legion's strength up to 6,000 men.
  • Many of the leaders were jealous of Caesar and his following.
  • Consul was the highest ranking position in the Roman Republic.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Caesar became governor of the province of Gaul.
  • Caesar announced that he was going to return to Rome and run for consul again.
  • give up the command of his army first.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Why would we not want a man leading an army to come back to Rome with his army? 
  • In 46 BC Caesar returned to Rome.
  • most powerful man in the world.
  • The Senate made him dictator for life and he ruled like a king.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Checks and Balances are gone and so it the Tripartite Government.  The Republic is now an Empire with one ruler! 
  • changed the calendar to the now famous Julian calendar with 365 days and a leap year.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Enduring Impact?  JULY is named after Caesar!  
  • Caesar was too powerful.
  • He was stabbed 23 times.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Julius Caesar's death did not end the rule of the Dictator....they war for power was just starting and never again would the Republic Control ROME! 
  • Caesar Augustus.
  • While in Egypt he fell in love with the queen of Egypt, Cleopatra. He helped her to become pharaoh and had a child named Caesarion with her.
  • aristocrats.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Wealthy Romans who controlled the Senate 
Garth Holman

Medicine - 1 views

medieval-life.net/medicine.htm

Quest4 Medicine

shared by Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16 - No Cached
  • Arabic anatomical and pharmaceutical knowledge, far greater in scope than that of medieval Europe's learning, was quickly assimilated
  • Isolation of the sick and contagious was commonplace and possibly the greatest step taken in medieval medicine.
  • Hospitals began to be built in Europe during the 13th century
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Bleeding and the use of leeches to draw "bad blood" from the patient were typical. Some surgeries were performed to cure patients of hernias, cataracts, for the removal of gallstones. Surgery was often more precarious than the actual problem. Folk cures and poultices made from herbs were options for the peasant class. There were those who would risk being called "witch" to provide these remedies, although many found themselves tied to a burning stake.
  • the Church was often called to exorcise demons and say prayers and incantations over the patient.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
       
      When all else fails turn to the Church! 
  • Garth Holman on 09 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
  • Garth Holman on 11 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
  • Garth Holman on 11 Feb 16
     
    Medicine, no aspirin for a headache, lets try blood letting:)
mrs. b.

Alexander the Great [ushistory.org] - 1 views

www.ushistory.org/5g.asp

shared by mrs. b. on 21 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • A great conqueror, in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world — an empire that covered 3,000 miles.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      That is a big as the United States from NY to LA! 
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      4,000 miles less than the amount of miles it would take to get from Chicago to Shanghai,China.
  • Not bad for a kid who became the King of Macedon at the age of 20.
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • Many of Alexander's accomplishments were made possible by his father, Philip of Macedon.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Reminds me of the Quote by Albert Einstein "A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving"  WE ALL NEED HELP TO GET WHERE WE ARE GOING! 
  • In 338 B.C.E., King Philip of Macedon invaded and conquered the Greek city-states. Philip took advantage of the fact that the Greek city-states were divided by years of squabbling and infighting. Philip succeeded in doing what years of fighting between city-states had not done. He united Greece.
  • Alexander's the Great's tutor was the Greek philosopher Aristotle.
  • For years, the massive Persian Empire threatened the very existence of the Greek way of life
  • Alexander, took the throne in 336 B.C.E., he vowed to complete the plans of his father. In 334 B.C.E., Alexander invaded Persia, which lay across the Aegean Sea in Asia Minor
  • Alexander smashed the Persian armies at the Tigris River and conquered the mighty Persian Empire, including the legendary city of Babylon. For many Greeks, this victory marked a moment of sweet revenge against a bitter foe
  • at the age of 25, Alexander ruled an expansive empire
  • Alexander conquered Egypt and founded a city at the mouth of the Nile River.
  • ntil he reached India and the Indus River in 326 B.C.E. At this point, his exhausted troops refused to fight further.
  • Without the support of his army, Alexander had no choice but to turn back and begin consolidating and organizing his far-flung empire. On his way home, Alexander died from disease in 323 B.C.E.
  • First, his father was able to unite the Greek city-states, and Alexander destroyed the Persian Empire forever. More importantly, Alexander's conquests spread Greek culture, also known as Hellenism, across his empire.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      Key Is cultural Diffusion: spreading of Greek Culture around the globe.  THIS IS CALLED HELLENISM
  • Without Alexander's ambition, Greek ideas and culture might well have remained confined to Greece.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 21 Nov 14
       
      So, in a way did he save WESTERN CIVILIZATION? 
  • without the benefit of modern technology
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 24 Nov 14
       
      That's pretty impressive!
    • Samuel H
      Samuel H on 19 Nov 15
       
      So impressive.
    • Ariel L
      Ariel L on 19 Nov 15
       
      That is just flat down awesome!!!
  • in 13 short years he amassed the largest empire in the entire ancient world
  • Alexander's reign marked the beginning of a new era known as the Hellenistic Age
  • mrs. b. on 30 Nov 15
     
    Brief history of Alexander the Great
Garth Holman

Marco Polo - Journalist, Explorer - Biography.com - 0 views

www.biography.com/...marco-polo-9443861

biography Marco Polo

shared by Garth Holman on 06 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • Marco Polo was born in 1254, in Venice, Italy.
  • 1271 to 1295.
  • His book Il Milione describes his travels and experiences and influenced later adventurers and merchants.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Their journeys brought them into present-day China, where they joined a diplomatic mission to the court of Kublai Khan, the Mongol leader whose grandfather, Genghis Khan, had conquered Northeast Asia. In 1269, the two men returned to Venice, and immediately started making plans for their return to Khan's court. During their stay with the leader, Khan had expressed his interest in Christianity and asked the Polo brothers to visit again with 100 priests and a collection of holy water.
  • Marco Polo was born in 1254, in Venice, Italy. He traveled extensively with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295. He remained in China for 17 of those years. Around 1292, he left China, acting as consort along the way to a Mongol princess who was being sent to Persia. His book Il Milione describes his travels and experiences and influenced later adventurers and merchants.
David W

Pope Urban II orders first Crusade - Nov 27, 1095 - HISTORY.com - 5 views

www.history.com/...-urban-ii-orders-first-crusade

shared by David W on 07 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of "Deus vult!" or "God wills it!"
  • By the end of the 11th century, the Holy Land—the area now commonly referred to as the Middle East—had become a point of conflict for European Christians. Since the 6th century, Christians frequently made pilgrimages to the birthplace of their religion, but when the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem, Christians were barred from the Holy City. When the Turks then threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made a special appeal to Urban for help. This was not the first appeal of its kind, but it came at an important time for Urban. Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks.
  • Urban delivered a rousing speech summoning rich and poor alike to stop their in-fighting and embark on a righteous war to help their fellow Christians in the East and take back Jerusalem. Urban denigrated the Muslims, exaggerating stories of their anti-Christian acts, and promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • European nobles were tempted by the prospect of increased land holdings and riches to be gained from the conquest. These nobles were responsible for the death of a great many innocents both on the way to and in the Holy Land, absorbing the riches and estates of those they conveniently deemed opponents to their cause. Adding to the death toll was the inexperience and lack of discipline of the Christian peasants against the trained, professional armies of the Muslims. As a result, the Christians were initially beaten back, and only through sheer force of numbers were they eventually able to triumph
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 07 Mar 12
       
      God Wills it  -- this was the call.  All who went on Crusade were to paint a RED cross on their shirt to show they were on a mission for GOD. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
       So Jews, Christians and Muslims all "share" the holy land.  But the Muslim Turks closed the pilgrimage route and said they were going to attack their neighbors, so Byzantine Emperor asks for help and Pope URBAN II sees a way to gain more power.  And The crusades begin. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
      Urban asks rich (Kings/Nobles) and poor (peasants) alike to travel and free the holy land. He did not tell the whole truth, but added a little to make it sound worse.  Then he promised "A FREE PASS TO HEAVEN" for all who go and destroy Muslims.  The words Absolution (forgiveness) and Remission (take away) all sins=your free pass. 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Mar 12
       
      People did not just go to "Serve G-D" but to gain wealth and power.  Christians only win one time and then lose the next six Crusades, but the impact of these events changed history forever. 
    • Nicole G
      Nicole G on 10 Mar 13
       
      Pope Urban II died in 1099 that was two weeks after the fall of Jerusalem and The Christians won and made it back to the Europe. 
    • parker g
      parker g on 10 Mar 15
       
      Truuuu
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 10 Mar 15
       
      This is the key phrase: promised absolution and remission of sins for all who died in the service of Christ.  What does this mean? 
    • Kanrry K
      Kanrry K on 11 Mar 15
       
      It means that your sins will be forgiven.
    • David W
      David W on 08 Mar 16
       
      This is the beginning of all wars.
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