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missherlihy

Ancient Athens Democracy for Kids and Teachers - Ancient Greece for Kids - 2 views

greece.mrdonn.org/athensdemocracy.html

Greece Democracy Government

shared by missherlihy on 27 Oct 12 - Cached
  • A Representative Democracy: A government in which people vote for representatives. The representatives make rules and laws that govern themselves and the people. 
  • A Direct Democracy: A government in which people vote to make their own rules and laws
  • Only in Athens, and only for a short time, "rule by many"
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • All citizens of Athens were required to vote on any new law that this body of 500 citizens created. One man, one vote, majority ruled. Women, children, and slaves were not citizens, and thus could not vote.
    • missherlihy
      missherlihy on 11 Oct 17
       
      Voting on new laws and changing old laws during this assembly happened at a location called a Pnyx.
    • shfowler
      shfowler on 13 Oct 17
       
      Pnyx
    • akaw18
      akaw18 on 13 Oct 17
       
      Pnyx
    • bw_rharlan
      bw_rharlan on 13 Oct 17
       
      pnyx
    • bw_mrindsberg
      bw_mrindsberg on 13 Oct 17
       
      PnYx
    • samahkhan
      samahkhan on 13 Oct 17
       
      Pynx
    • dsteckner
      dsteckner on 13 Oct 17
       
      Pnyx
    • bzawatsky
      bzawatsky on 13 Oct 17
       
      pnyx
    • bw_aabhriguvansh
      bw_aabhriguvansh on 13 Oct 17
       
      Pnyx
  • mrs. b. on 27 Oct 12
     
    "A Direct Democracy: A government in which people vote to make their own rules and laws"
Ivy V

Athenian democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 9 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Athenian_democracy

shared by Ivy V on 01 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Athens is one of the first known democracies.
  • It remains a unique and intriguing experiment in direct democracy where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right. Participation was by no means open
  • of Athenian freedom. The greatest and longest lasting democratic leader
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Estimates of the population of ancient Athens vary. During the 4th century BC, there may well have been some 250,000–300,000 people in Attica. Citizen families may have amounted to 100,000 people and out of these some 30,000 will have been the adult male citizens entitled to vote in the assembly. In the mid-5th century the number of adult male citizens was perhaps as high as 60,000, but this number fell precipitously during the Peloponnesian War.
    • ed h
      ed h on 03 Nov 11
       
      Population matters to direct democracy
    • arman b
      arman b on 03 Nov 11
       
      what if the greek didn't have many people?
    • erick j
      erick j on 03 Nov 11
       
      If Greeks didn't have as many people, they would get more work done.
  • There were three political bodies where citizens gathered in numbers running into the hundreds or thousands. These are the assembly (in some cases with a quorum of 6000), the council of 500 (boule) and the courts (a minimum of 200 people, but running at least on some occasions up to 6000). Of these three bodies it is the assembly and the courts that were the true sites of power — although courts, unlike the assembly, were never simply called the demos (the People) as they were manned by a subset of the citizen body, those over thirty.
    • erick j
      erick j on 03 Nov 11
       
      Did wealth matter to your position in government?
    • Mike Pennington
      Mike Pennington on 15 Nov 11
       
      Yes, wealth played a direct role in just how much power you had in ancient Greece. The Patricians, or wealthy, had slightly more power in making decisions and passing laws.
    • glever g
      glever g on 28 Oct 13
       
      Why did wealth affect anything?
  • Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. The percentage of the population (of males) that actually participated in the government was about 20%. This excluded a majority of the population, namely slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics. The women had limited rights and privileges and were not really considered citizens. The restricted movement in public and were very segregated from the men. Also disallowed were citizens whose rights were under suspension (typically for failure to pay a debt to the city: see atimia); for some Athenians this amounted to permanent (and in fact inheritable) disqualification. Still, in contrast with oligarchical societies, there were no real property requirements limiting access
    • molly c
      molly c on 03 Nov 11
       
      It is interesting to learn that Athenian men had to serve in the military.
    • glever g
      glever g on 29 Oct 13
       
      Not really if you were in that position then you would think that that would be sensible.
  • The central events of the Athenian democracy were the meetings of the assembly (ἐκκλησία ekklêsia). Unlike a parliament, the assembly's members were not elected, but attended by right when they chose. Greek democracy created at Athens was a direct, not a representative democracy: any adult male citizen of age could take part, and it was a duty to do so. The officials of the democracy were in part elected by the Assembly and in large part chosen by lot. The assembly had four main functions; it made executive pronouncements (decrees, such as deciding to go to war or granting citizenship to a foreigner); it elected some officials; it legislated; and it tried political crimes. As the system evolved these last two functions were shifted to the law courts. The standard format was that of speakers making speeches for and against a position followed by a general vote (usually by show of hands) of yes or no. Though there might be blocs of opinion, sometimes enduring, on crucial issues, there were no political parties and likewise no government or opposition (as in the Westminster system). Voting was by simple majority. In the 5th century at least there were scarcely any limits on the power exercised by the assembly. If the assembly broke the law, the only thing that might happen is that it would punish those who had made the proposal that it had agreed to
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 03 Nov 11
       
      Here is some great information about the Assembly of ancient Athens
    • Mike Pennington
      Mike Pennington on 15 Nov 11
       
      Yes Matt, the Athenian government eventually fell during the Peloponnesian Wars. It was weakened by the Persian Wars, but as soon as Sparta truly set it's sights on defeating the every-expanding Athenians they were in danger. The war itself indirectly led to the fall of Athens, during the second and third years of fighting, disease broke out in Athens and devastated the population. It took Sparta and its allies nearly 30 years to destroy the city of Athens. The Spartans also used the help of the Persians.
  • matt k on 03 Nov 11
     
    Did the government ever fall or come close to falling?
Zoe w

General Election FAQs - 0 views

magazines.scholastic.com/...faqs-election

shared by Zoe w on 05 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • U.S. Presidents are not elected directly by voters. Instead, the Electoral College elects each President based on how people vote in each state
  • state’s number of Representatives and Senators. The more-densely populated states have more electors than less-populated states.
  • 538 electoral votes, so a candidate must win just over half of them, 270, or more to win.
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • Zoe w
      Zoe w on 05 Nov 12
       
      What?? How?? Why??
    • Dinah M.
      Dinah M. on 05 Nov 12
       
      We vote for representatives, and then the representatives vote for the candidates. It's confusing, but if you think about it, it makes sense.
Garth Holman

Lexi :) - History - 0 views

7thwithlexi.weebly.com/history

blog

shared by Garth Holman on 06 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • He didn't look very rich for a ruler. But the man walked away from the taller rock and took a seat. Apparently it wasn't Athens wasn't a monarchy. 
  • decision had to be made."Some women have requested to have more rights.  As citizens of Athens, it is crusial for us to make a decision here and now," said the man.
  • This was pure choas!
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • this was direct democracy.  Every citizens was voting and had a direct say in the matter.
  • That's when I realized there were only men surrounding me.  A few of them were giving me weird looks.Just then a young teen approached me and said, "What you doing here?  We both know that women aren't citizens and are defiantly not welcome to vote
  • After all majority rules."
  • had always complained how long the US elections took because of the voting method.  
  •  Just the representatives that people voted for
  • THEOCRACY!  Wait, no.  That wouldn't be good.  Ruled by religion? Not fun.  
  • representative democracy.  T
  • I tried to think back to social studies class and suddenly regretted taking that nap during our study of government.  
  • calm and done in an ordered manor.
  • oligarchy?"
  • In an oligarchy only the rich have say.  They don't understand what it is like to be a commoner.  T
Garth Holman

The Roman Republic [ushistory.org] - 3 views

www.ushistory.org/6a.asp

roman republic ushistory

shared by Garth Holman on 29 Nov 12 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 29 Nov 12
       
      Cincinnatus, Ohio city named after this man? Enduring Impact? 
  • innovations of the Roman Republic was the notion of equality under the law. In 449 B.C.E., government leaders carved some of Rome's most important laws into 12 great tablets. The Twelve Tables, as they came to be known, were the first Roman laws put in writing. Although the laws were rather harsh by today's standards, they did guarantee every citizen equal treatment under the law.
  • Quickly kill ... a dreadfully deformed child.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • The Romans established a form of government — a republic — that was copied by countries for centuries In fact, the government of the United States is based partly on Rome's model.
  • republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf. A republic is quite different from a democracy, in which every citizen is expected to play an active role in governing the state.
  • and all males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens. Citizens of Rome distinguished themselves from slaves and other noncitizens by wearing a toga; most wore a white toga. During the Empire, each emperor wore a purple toga to distinguish himself as the princeps, or "first citizen."
  • The full citizen could vote, marry freeborn persons, and practice commerce. Some citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office, but maintained the other rights. A third type of citizen could vote and practive commerce, but could not hold office or marry freeborn women.
  • male slaves who were granted their freedom could become full citizens.
  • 212 C.E, under the Edict of Caracalla, all free people of the Roman Empire could become citizens.
  • The aristocracy (wealthy class) dominated the early Roman Republic.
  • the aristocrats were known as patricians.
  • consuls, or leaders, who ruled the Roman Republic.
  • A senate composed of patricians elected these consuls.
  • lower-class citizens, or plebeians, had virtually no say in the government. Both men and women were citizens in the Roman Republic, but only men could vote.
  • patricians and plebeians should be strictly separated; marriage between the two classes was even prohibited. Over time, the plebeians elected their own representatives, called tribunes, who gained the power to veto measures passed by the senate.
  • . The Senate convened and passed laws in the curia, a large building on the grounds of the Roman Forum. Much later, Julius Caesar built a larger curia for an expanded Senate.
  • Rome had conquered vast territories, and the powerful senators sent armies, negotiated terms of treaties, and had total control over the financial matters of the Republic.
  • Cincinnatus.
  • Garth Holman on 29 Nov 12
     
    Roman Republic
Marjorie Rotman

Ancient Greek History for Kids: Government - 3 views

www.ducksters.com/...ancient_greek_government.php

ancient greece government

shared by Marjorie Rotman on 10 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • The Greek City-State Ancient Greece was made up of city-states. A city-state was a major city and the surrounding areas. Each city-state had its own rule and government. Sometimes the city-states fought each other. Athens and Sparta were the two largest city-states and they had many wars and battles. Types of Government There were three main types of government: Democracy - A government ruled by the people, or assembly. Officials and leaders were elected and all citizens had a say. Monarchy - A single ruler like a king. In Athens this ruler was called a Tyrant. Oligarchy - When the government is ruled by a small group. Over time some city-states, like Athens would change governments. Sometimes they were ruled by Tyrants and, at other times, they were a democracy.
  • Ancient Greece Government History >> Ancient Greece The Ancient Greeks may be most famous for their ideas and philosophies on government and politics. It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that democracy was first conceived and used as a primary form of government. The Greek City-State
  • Ancient Greece was made up of city-states
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Each city-state had its own rule and government.
  • There were three main types of government:
  • Democracy
  • Monarch
  • Oligarchy
  • What this means is that all the citizens voted on all the
  • Democracy in Ancient Greece was very direct
  • aws. Rather than vote for representatives, like we do, each citizen was expected to vote for every law.
  • In order to vote, you had to be a citizen. However, not everyone who lived in Athens was a citizen. Only men who had completed their military training were counted as citize
  • here were three main bodies of the government: the Assembly, the Council of 500, and the Courts
  • The Assembly
  • The Council
  • The Courts h
  • koliver k on 10 Oct 13
     
    greek goverment 
  • Marjorie Rotman on 10 Oct 13
     
    ancient Greece government for kids--a great short summary of Greek government including a 10 question quiz
Kalina P

George Washington Voted Britain's Greatest Military Enemy - Washington Whispers (usnews... - 0 views

www.usnews.com/...itains-greatest-military-enemy

britain greatest military enemy george washington

shared by Kalina P on 01 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Britain's National Army Museum voted George Washington as the greatest military enemy ever to face Britain.
  • universally recognized as the "Father of his country."
  • restoring momentum
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • s "the worst defeat for the British Empire ever,"
  • 8,000 people which produced a short-list of five men to compete for the title of Britain's greatest military enemy
Garth Holman

SDTV: American Gov't Transcript - 1 views

www.pbs.org/...transcript_amergov.html

Types of Government

shared by Garth Holman on 08 Dec 11 - Cached
  • Types of Government After the Revolutionary War, the founding fathers got together to discuss what type of government they wanted to establish. They considered four types: monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, democracy. Well, you probably already know which one they picked, but, for the sake of argument, pretend you don't. We know they didn't choose a monarchy, but what is a monarchy anyway? A monarchy is a form of government in which hereditary rulers (people who share the same bloodline) better known as kings and queens, wield absolute power over everybody. Absolute power? That means that the kings and queens can pretty much do whatever they want. Well, since the founders knew the monarchy thing didn't really fly in the original American colonies, they decided against a monarchy. They also considered oligarchy. An oligarchy consists of a body of individuals possessing high levels of wealth, social or military status, or achievement. These elite guys and gals pretty much rule everything and everyone. There was also aristocracy to consider. Aristocracy is rule by a privileged few. As nice as monarchies, oligarchies, and aristocracies may sound (at least to those lucky enough to be in power!), one of the reasons the colonists fought for independence in the first place was to free themselves from government structures that left little or no popular consent to the people. So, the founding fathers set up a democracy. A democracy is a form of government in which the people hold the power to rule themselves. But it's not quite as simple as that. In fact, there are two main types of democracy: direct democracy and indirect democracy. In a direct democracy, all the people get together and have an equal say in the laws they create. In an indirect democracy (also known as a representative democracy), people vote for representatives who work on their behalf to create laws. Once chosen, these representatives then vote within a government structure, making and passing laws. This is a two-step version of democracy. The founding fathers chose… an indirect democracy! After all, they figured that at some point in time, America would become a really, really big nation. And if that happened, there'd be no way they could possibly get everyone together to vote on every single thing.
  • Garth Holman on 08 Dec 11
     
    "Types of Government
mrs. b.

Ancient Greece - Athens - The British Museum - 0 views

www.ancientgreece.co.uk/...home_set.html

Who could vote in ancient Greece Government

shared by mrs. b. on 10 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Male citizens in Athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries. However, democracy was not open to everyone. Citizen women and children were not allowed to vote. Slaves and foreigners living in Athens (known as metics) were banned from participating in government.
Garth Holman

This Day in History - What Happened Today - HISTORY - 0 views

www.history.com/this-day-in-history

Al Gore 2000 Election Concedes

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Dec 22 - No Cached
  • Vice President Al Gore concedes defeat to George W. Bush in his bid for the presidency, following weeks of legal battles over the recounting of votes in Florida, on December 13, 2000.
  • In a televised speech from his ceremonial office next to the White House, Gore said that while he was deeply disappointed and sharply disagreed with the Supreme Court verdict that ended his campaign, ”partisan rancor must now be put aside.”
  • “I accept the finality of the outcome, which will be ratified next Monday in the Electoral College” he said. “And tonight, for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession.”
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Gore had won the national popular vote by more than 500,000 votes, but narrowly lost Florida, giving the Electoral College to Bush 271 to 266.
Olivia A

Athens Voting Process - 2 views

started by Olivia A on 11 Nov 12 no follow-up yet
Garth Holman

Pope Benedict XVI To Resign at End of Month, Vatican Says | TIME.com - 0 views

world.time.com/...-says-pope-resigning-on-feb-28

Pope Conclave vatican

shared by Garth Holman on 11 Feb 13 - No Cached
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 11 Feb 13
       
      How does the election work? 
  • in today’s world, subject to so many rapid changes and shaken by questions of deep relevance for the life of faith, in order to govern the barque of St. Peter and proclaim the Gospel, both strength of mind and body are necessary — strengths which in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.
  • conclave to elect a new pope
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • the leader of more than a billion Roman Catholics worldwide — requires “both strength of mind and body.”
  • resign on Feb. 28 because he was simply too infirm to carry on — the first pontiff to do so in nearly 600 years.
  • The last pope to resign was Pope Gregory XII, who stepped down in 1415
  • Vatican to hold a conclave to elect a new pope by mid-March,
  • All cardinals under age 80 are allowed to vote in the conclave, the secret meeting held in the Sistine Chapel where cardinals cast ballots to elect a new pope. As per tradition, the ballots are burned after each voting round; black smoke that snakes out of the chimney means no pope has been chosen, while white smoke means a pope has been elected.
Aman B

Politics of Greece - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Politics_of_Greece

greek history politics

shared by Aman B on 17 Oct 12 - No Cached
    • Gabriela R
      Gabriela R on 17 Oct 12
       
      I found it interesting how voting is not enforced in Greece.
  • models
  • Voting in Greece is compulsory but is not enforced.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The Greek governmental structure is similar to that found in many other Western democracies, and has been described as a compromise between the French and German
  • The politics of Greece takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic republic
  • Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government
  • the party system was dominated by the liberal-conservative New Democracy
  • Aman B on 17 Oct 12
     
    Greece politics
mluxenburg m

Athenian democracy - 1 views

www.princeton.edu/...Athenian_democracy.html

government athens democracy greece

shared by mluxenburg m on 29 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Athenian democracy developed in the Greek city-state of Athens, comprising the central city-state of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, around 508 BC. Athens was one of the first known democracies.
  • It remains a unique and intriguing experiment in direct democracy where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right.
  • Solon (594 BC), Cleisthenes (508/7 BC), and Ephialtes (462 BC) all contributed to the development of Athenian democracy.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • It is most usual to date Athenian democracy from Cleisthenes, since Solon's constitution fell and was replaced by the tyranny of Peisistratus, whereas Ephialtes revised Cleisthenes' constitution relatively peacefully. Hipparchus, Hippias, was killed by
  • Harmodius and Aristogeiton, who were subsequently honored by the Athenians for their alleged restoration of Athenian freedom
  • The greatest and longest lasting democratic leader was Pericles; after his death, Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolution
  • 1 Etymology
  • 2 Participation and exclusion 2.1 Size and make-up of the Athenian population 2.2 Citizenship in Athens 3 Main bodies of governance 3.1 Assembly
mrs. b.

Ancient Greece for Kids - Athens - 3 views

www.chiddingstone.kent.sch.uk/...athens.htm

Task2- government of Ancient Athens

shared by mrs. b. on 28 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Athens did not have a king, it was ruled by the people as a democracy. The people of Athens believed that no one group of people should make the laws and so citizens could choose the government officials, and vote for or against new laws. The people of Athens chose their ruler. They held a large meeting on the slopes of a hill in Athens where any citizen could speak, and tell the government what it should be doing. This was called the Assembly, and there had to be at least 6,000 citizens at every Assembly. Athenian democracy was not like modern democracy. Only citizens over 18 could vote. Women, slaves and foreigners could not become citizens. So democracy in Athens meant rule by the men of Athens. Slavery Slaves made up about a quarter of the working population on Athens. Most were people who had been captured in warfare and sold to slave dealers. They were then put on sale in the slave market.
Garth Holman

What Is an Advantage of a Direct Democracy? | The Classroom | Synonym - 2 views

classroom.synonym.com/age-direct-democracy-7831.html

Greece Directdemocracy democracy AncientGreece advantage

shared by Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • In a pure democracy
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      Here they use that word PURE! 
  • all citizens have the opportunity to participate in making the policies and laws for the society
  • representative democracy,
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      This is what Rome comes up with later.  It is better for a larger population.  
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • citizen has a direct impact on every policy decision, since he has a vote on each issue
  • opportunity to speak and be heard, and there is an incentive for the community to be involved in town meetings, referenda and other elections.
  • power in the hands of the people,
  • opportunity to know about all of the important decisions, but they also have the responsibility to get the information necessary to understand the issues and make the best choices for laws and policies
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 20 Oct 15
       
      With power comes great responsibility.  That is the key. People have to work to make a direct democracy work.  
  • transparency to government
  • accountable to the people.
  • opportunity to voice her concerns, it's more difficult to brush concerns aside or to hide uncomfortable issues.
  • apathy of some citizens who don't choose to attend town assemblies or vote can result in something more like a representative system than a pure democratic one. Direct democracy also involves many more elections, which can be both inconvenient and expensive. Finally, because direct democracy is usually effective only in small societies, the influence of the media and government officials may be stronger there than in a larger setting.
Yoav P

Ancient Greek Government - Ancient Greece for Kids! - 5 views

www.historyforkids.org/...government

government greece

shared by Yoav P on 16 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • there were many different city-states in ancient Greece,
  • Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies, and most historians still use these same divisions.
  • In 510 BC, the city-state of Athens created the first democratic government,
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • Then in the 600s and 500s BC a lot of city-states were taken over by tyrants. Tyrants were usually one of the aristocrats who got power over the others by getting the support of the poor people. They ruled kind of like kings, but without any legal right to rule.
    • Lily S
      Lily S on 17 Oct 12
       
      The government in Ancient Greece depended on the period of time
  • Archaic period
  • Late Bronze Age
  • at each period there were plenty of city-states using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.
  • Athenian democracy did not really give power to everyone
  • Athens at this time had an empire
  • many Greek city-states kept oligarchic government, or tyrannies, or monarchies, through this whole time
  • and they each had their own government. In addition, people's ideas about what made a good government changed over time.
    • jwoomer j
      jwoomer j on 10 Oct 13
       
      They progressed in their government styles which helped them improve.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments
    • Eric G
      Eric G on 14 Oct 14
       
      The Greeks had many different kinds of governments because each individual city-state had its own government
  • After the Dark Age, though, only a few Greek city-states still had kings.
    • Eric G
      Eric G on 14 Oct 14
       
      There were not many kings in the city-states after the dark age.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece, and they each had their own government.
    • Arielle K
      Arielle K on 29 Sep 15
       
      Most people did not have voting rights in Athenian democracy. 
  • between about 2000 and 1200 BC, all Greek city-states seem to have been monarchies,
  • Most of the people in Athens couldn't vote - no women, no slaves, no foreigners (even Greeks from other city-states), no children.
  • The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece
  • Sparta is the most famous of these, though actually Sparta had two kings, usually brothers or cousins, at the same time.
  • zach m on 16 Oct 12
     
    this is a good description of ancient Greek government 
  • ...1 more comment...
  • jwoomer j on 10 Oct 13
     
    Good facts about Greek government. Easy to read.
  • Eric G on 14 Oct 14
     
    This website talks about the government of ancient Greece.
  • Yoav P on 29 Sep 15
     
    This website explains about Ancient Greece's government
Kalina P

Watergate Scandal - History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts - 1 views

www.history.com/watergate

shared by Kalina P on 10 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • Vietnam War (1955-1975) and deeply divided internally
  • forceful presidential campaign seemed essential to the president and some of his key advisers. Their aggressive tactics included what turned out to be illegal espionage.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • stole copies of top-secret documents and bugged the office’s phones.
  • As the prowlers were preparing to break into the office with a new microphone, a security guard noticed that they had taped the building’s lock
  • August, Nixon gave a speech in which he swore that his White House staff was not involved in the break-in. Most voters believed him, and in November the president was reelected in a landslide.
  • provide hundreds of thousands of dollars in “hush money” to the burglars.
  • abuse of presidential power and a deliberate obstruction of justice
  • Early in 1974, the cover-up began to fall apart. On March 1, a grand jury appointed by a new special prosecutor indicted seven of Nixon’s former aides on various charges related to the Watergate affair. The jury, unsure if they could indict a sitting president, called Nixon an “unindicted co-conspirator.” 
  • s voted to impeach him for obstruction of justice, abuse of power, criminal cover-up and several violations of the Constitution. Finally, on August 5, Nixon released the tapes, which provided undeniable evidence of his complicity in the Watergate crime
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • he pardoned Nixon for any crimes he had committed while in office. Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They
Gabriela R

Sparta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/Sparta

Helots

shared by Gabriela R on 15 Oct 12 - Cached
  • Helots did not have voting rights, although compared to non-Greek chattel slaves in other parts of Greece they were relatively privileged. The Spartan poet Tyrtaios refers to Helots being allowed to marry and retaining 50% of the fruits of their labor.[42] They also seem to have been allowed to practice religious rites and, according to Thucydides, own a limited amount of personal property.[43] Some 6,000 helots accumulated enough wealth to buy their freedom, for example, in 227 BC.
mrs. b.

Ancient Greek Democracy - History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts - 0 views

www.history.com/...ancient-greece-democracy

Athenian government

shared by mrs. b. on 16 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Athenian democracy was made up of three important institutions. The first was the ekklesia, or Assembly, the sovereign governing body of Athens.
  • any one of those 40,000 adult male citizens--was welcome to attend the meetings of the ekklesia, which were held 40 times per year in a hillside auditorium west of the Acropolis called the Pnyx.
  • The boule was a group of 500 men, 50 from each of ten Athenian tribes, who served on the Council for one year. Unlike the ekklesia, the boule met every day and did most of the hands-on work of governance. It supervised government workers and was in charge of things like navy ships (triremes) and army horses. It dealt with ambassadors and representatives from other city-states. Its main function was to decide what matters would come before the ekklesia.  In this way, the 500 members of the boule dictated how the entire democracy would work.
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  • At the meetings, the ekklesia made decisions about war and foreign policy, wrote and revised laws and approved or condemned the conduct of public officials. (Ostracism, in which a citizen could be expelled from the Athenian city-state for 10 years, was among the powers of the ekklesia.) The group made decisions by simple majority vote.
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  • important institution was the boule, or Council of Five Hundred.
  • third important institution was the popular courts, or dikasteria. Every day, more than 500 jurors were chosen by lot from a pool of male citizens older than 30.
  • the jury had almost unlimited power
  • Jurors were paid a wage for their work, so that the job could be accessible to everyone and not just the wealthy (but, since the wage was less than what the average worker earned in a day, the typical juror was an elderly retiree).
  • Raya H on 16 Oct 12
     
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