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Caroline Yevak

Sinaloa Cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • The Sinaloa Cartel (Pacific Cartel, Guzmán-Loera Cartel) (Spanish: Cártel de Sinaloa) is the most powerful drug cartel in Mexico[2] and considered by the United States Intelligence Community as "the most powerful drug trafficking organization in the world."
  • Guzmán-Loera
  • Organization and the Pacific Cartel
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  • The 'Federation' was partially splintered when the Beltrán-Leyva brothers broke apart from the Sinaloa Cartel
  • The Sinaloa Cartel is associated with the label "Golden Triangle" as the regions of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua in which they operate the most form a 'triangle' when their capital cities are looked at on a map. The region is a major producer of Mexican poppy and marijuana.
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      * Remember Class notes
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      Beltran-Leyva cartel was once a major part of the Sinaloa Cartel. Split off and is still a major cartel on it's own.
  • into the United States and distributing nearly 200 tons of cocaine and large amounts of heroin between 1990 and 2008.
Ellen Mischinski

Freeing Ingrid Betancourt - 0 views

    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      That's a big number.
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      found by Ellen
Ellen Mischinski

GIC | Article - 0 views

  • Jorge Briceno, chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), was convicted of co-masterminding the kidnapping and killing of three US activists in 1999, a Colombian court said Tuesday.
  • The FARC, with about 17,000 fighters, is the largest armed rebel groups in Colombia and controls nearly 40 percent of the territory.
Ellen Mischinski

Rebels Seize Research Team in Colombia - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

  • two scientists
  • (FARC), a violent insurgency group known for ransoming abductees, has claimed responsibility.
  • prepare a biological survey of a potential national park.
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  • Biologists have launched an international campaign to win the release of two scientists and their guide who were kidnapped last month by Colombian guerrillas
  • founding member of Colombia's new Ornithological Association and, although still a graduate student, is a rising star in the international bird science community.
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      important people=more ransom $$$
Ellen Mischinski

Elusive peace: Struggling against the logic of violence - ProQuest Research Library - P... - 0 views

  • such as kidnapping civilians for ransom-to finance their war.
miller kinlin

Drug use and drug policy - Google Books - 0 views

    • miller kinlin
       
      he organization that it has developed employs up to 120,000 people, including 2,000 to 3,000 in the us. controlled by pablo escobar, who ran it even in prison. primary target of us. Belisario Betancur in 1988: "we are up against an organization that is stronger than the state
    • miller kinlin
       
      ormed in 1982 in response to the kidnapping of a member of the ochoa family by the m-19 guerrillas. rapid increase in profits led to the cocaine wars. as the cartels became more powerful, they expanded into politics, media, private armies, real estate, and international banking
    • miller kinlin
       
      payed bribes to curropt police officials, judges were also paid as well, assassinated people, and offered to pay 10 billion to pay off national debt. and even killed the justice minister in 1984.
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    • miller kinlin
       
      argue its good for state: brings in so much money, aids development and keeps down unemployment. the cartels employed huge numbers of different types of workers, from farmers to airplane pilots, to engineers and scientists. they invested heavily in local elections and politicians, and including the presidential election.. and escobar even was elected to the comombian house of reps.
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    Miller Kinlin
miller kinlin

South America, Central America and ... - Google Books - 0 views

    • miller kinlin
       
      Virgilio Barco Vargas declared total war against the drug cartels, and re-established an extradiction policy with the Usa and sent more than a dozen middle ranking traffickers there. but the cartels responded viciously, blowing up planes, killing people, bombing the headquarters of the secret police. but as a result pablo escobar offered to negotiate with the government. but while attention was focused on the leaders of the medellin cartel, smaller groups like the Cali cartel emerged and increased its share of the us cocaine market to 30%
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    Virgilio Barco Vargas against medellin cartel
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    Miller Kinlin
Caroline Yevak

Drug cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Drug cartels are criminal organizations developed with the primary purpose of promoting and controlling drug trafficking operations.
  • was broken up drug cartels are no longer actually cartels in the proper sense of the word, but the term stuck and is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization
  • Colombia
Caroline Yevak

NO MAN'S LAND: The Mystery of Mexico's Drug Wars - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

  • "It's looking more and more like Colombia looked twenty years ago," she said, "where the narco-traffickers control certain parts of the country."
  • Mexico doesn't even have a viable proclaimed guerrilla force aiming to topple the government. Instead, Mexico has labyrinthine drug gangs murderously fighting it out against each other-while they extort, intimidate, massacre, and conduct firefights with the government.
  • There is no law there," he warned. "They are the law."
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  • By "they," he meant an irregular army of drug traffickers, who had created a no-man's-land in a grim little slice of Mexico.
  • Mexico's low-intensity "narco-war" has cast a daunting shadow over many of its backcountry areas, some of them wedged disconcertingly against the 2,000-mile-long border with the United States. The border's southern side is dotted with mysterious conflict zones, emitting rumors of burned houses, fleeing residents, and shadowy pseudo-armies of drug traffickers clashing by night.
  • Beltrán Leyva Cartel, El Gilo, the Zetas, El Chapo and his Sinaloa Cartel, the New Federation . . . This one little postage stamp of desert soil sounds like a package tour of "Narco-Mexico."
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      Beltrán-Leyva Cartel is one of the biggest in Mexico
  • There, a rival of the Sinaloa Cartel, the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, reportedly runs two large militia camps in the mountains, each with about three hundred men. The Sinaloa Cartel's own force there, orbiting the same general area, is said to number four hundred, in fifty-man squads.
  • Over on the other side of the country, the greener side by the Gulf of Mexico, south of Texas, three of the cartel gunmen arrested in the August massacre were reportedly aged fourteen, seventeen, and eighteen.
  • Such is the typical age spread for an expedition like this: a not-so-clandestine grupo de limpieza, a "cleanup squad" sent by one drug cartel to quash another.
  • Interestingly, no Mexican police or army troops spotted the cleanup caravan that brought Ramón Mesa, though it frightened various small towns en route. The forty-five hundred Mexican Army troops deployed across the country in the drug war have struck some heavy blows against the cartels, and the troops are often more professional than some outsiders might imagine, but mysteries still abide.
Caroline Yevak

Mexico - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

  • IV. Mexico's Drug War Mexico continued its war on drug trafficking that Mexican President Felipe Calderón launched against drug cartels in 2006.
  • President Calderón announced that his administration would reform civilian law enforcement and the courts, and that "the Mexican army would continue to lead the fight until local and state police forces are free of corruption."20
  • These are but a handful of die murders reported in Mexico's drug wars. The level of violence attributable to die war on drugs and die organized criminal activity that precipitated it cannot, however, be measured simply by counting corpses. Kidnappings, carjackings, extortion, and other forms of crime and aggression infect the quality of daily life.
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  • Local and state politicians have increasingly become targets of violence by the drug cartels, which have also attacked rival gangs. Some murders are particularly vicious, intended to gain media attention and frighten both rival drug gangs and law enforcement officers. "Prosecutors, police chiefs, and thousands of others have been killed," and entire families sometimes come under attack.
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      Similar to what the journalist wrote in the article about Columbia.
  • Mexico's drug cartels started recruiting more teenagers and young people to replace those killed or arrested.40 These young people serve as "expendable foot soldiers" for the cartels in battles over drug trafficking routes to the United States and local drug using markets in Mexico.
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      Child Soldiers
  • Oil revenue accounts for more than one -third of die Mexican government's annual income.1 In 2009, after oil revenues declined during the recession, Mexican lawmakers looked for alternative revenue sources.2 As part of the 2010 budget, Mexican legislators increased several taxes in 2009:
    • Caroline Yevak
       
      *Class discussion about how drop in oil value caused gov debt & made the poor poorer etc.
  • In the past two years, at least eighty U.S. border officers have been convicted of corruption and it is estimated that there are almost as many investigations each year involving border officers who have accepted bribes so diat illegal drugs could be trafficked into the United States.
Neha Kukreja

Dwellers of memory: youth and ... - Google Books - 0 views

shared by Neha Kukreja on 14 Sep 11 - No Cached
    • Cole Blum
       
      Sicarios originally started out working only for the drug cartels, but they have gotten so much more diversified. The business people who were not drug cartels to hire sicarios.
    • Cole Blum
       
      This is something that I mentioned in my video that I found very important. The fact that youth were starting to get involved in the violence in Colombia shows how bad off the country really is and how everyone there is attached to the violence.
    • Cole Blum
       
      These sticky notes are all for page 46 but since this is on Google books, it looks like I have the same sticky notes on every page.
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    • Cole Blum
       
      As stated in my other article, the government is at fault somewhat for the killings of these high officials. Over the years, the killing of high officials has become the trademark of the sicarios.
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      I'd argue that since the idea of "private justice and revenge became accepted as legitimate means of dealing with conflicts at any level or realm of society (pg. 46)," the youth have known no better than to participate than an idea that's become so commonplace. If people older than them/ the whole entire rest of society has turned a blind eye to the institution of sicaros and the horridness of the practice, how can you expect the youth to know right from wrong?? You can't....
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      THIS IS COLE'S ARTICLE BUT IT KEEPS SAYING THAT IVE ADDED IT!!!
Kevin Gregor

Homicide related to drug traffic. - 0 views

    • Kevin Gregor
       
      Drug traffickers will get killed if they cheat their buyers out of money.
Kevin Gregor

Homicide related to drug traffic. - 0 views

    • Kevin Gregor
       
      The people buying the drugs are being killed because of other 'customers' not getting their drugs.
Ellen Mischinski

http://www.seminario2005.unal.edu.co/Trabajos/Elster/Kidnappings%20in%20civil%20wars.pdf - 0 views

    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      for gain or to terrorize population. first time i've seen it considered for terrorizing 
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      political agenda?
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      goal of a kidnap in general: to get something out of it, and end up releasing the kidnapees.
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    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      In Colombia, both mechanisms are observed. In this country,"The distinction between common criminals and the guerrilla groups issometimes hard to make, because of the phenomenon of criminals whoperform the kidnap - both on their own initiative and at the request ofguerrilla contacts - and then sell their victims at marked-down prices toguerrillas who are experienced in the 'art' of ransom negotiations"
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      e "guerrilla groups easily substituted betweenkidnapping/extortion and drugs to finance their military operations"
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      FARC defined wealthy landowners and richbusinessmen as "war criminals [...] who needed to pay a price for theirfreedom"
Keyla Hernandez

Afghanistan is the main origin of drug trafficking - 0 views

  • Afghanistan is the global production center for opium poppy and opiates like heroin and has
Ellen Mischinski

Balkan holocausts?: Serbian and ... - David Bruce MacDonald - Google Books - 0 views

    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      Croatian propagandists focused most of their attacks on Serbia, which was in the process of invading and occupying one quarter of their new independent country
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      ther important myths include the Antemurale Christianitatis, the belief that Croatia represented the easternmost outpost of European civilization. Across the divide were the Serbs, often presented as being on a lower level of civilization, with an 'Asiatic' mentality, and distinct racial and psychological features, as well as different linguistic and cultural forms of identity. Such forms of differentiation would buttress Croatian arguments that, at all levels, Serbs were more backward, barbarous, and warlike.
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      An interesting aspect of Croatian propaganda was how the focus of attack shifted after 1991. Before Serbia became a threat to Croatian autonomy, Croatian nationalists had little interest in Serbian leaders or Serbian history. Their only true enemies were the Communists, who were solidly in control of the SFRY....A long tradition of attacking Communism and Tito as the worst possible enemies of Croatia changed after 1991, when the Serbs, not the Communists generally, became the new source of evil...myths of Croatian history before WWII is the historical evolution of Serbian hatred against the Croats. What begins as a general condemnation of eastern barbarity, due to the Great Schism, becomes more politicised in the 19th century. p125
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    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      mostly spread propaganda through internet
    • Ellen Mischinski
       
      p.125
Austin Buben

Genocide in Darfur | United Human Rights Council - 0 views

    • Austin Buben
       
      Austin Found this First
Austin Buben

Genocide Watch - 0 views

    • Austin Buben
       
      Austin Found this first
  •  
    Map of genocide and potential genocide countries.
Neha Kukreja

Crisis in Chechnya - Global Issues - 0 views

  • Chechens are predominantly Sunni Muslim.
  • As well as different cultural and religious beliefs, as for any group of people throughout history subdued by external rule or empire,
  • With the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, a number of regions managed to break away and gain independence.
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  • became an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation the following year.
  • , Boris Yeltsin, refused Chechnya's declaration of independence, sending in troops instead,
  • The resulting anarchy in Chechnya strengthened Russian belief that the region should not become independent and undermine its territorial integrity;
  • Furthermore, oil is a significant factor
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      This is a major difference---Milosevic wanted to keep Bosnia not so much for economic reasons as for wanting to make a predominantly ethnic Serb state.
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      Russians= predominantly Russian Orthodox Chechens= predominantly Muslim This is similar to religious differences leading to genocide in the Balkans--- Serbs (Orthodox) were pitted against both Catholic Croats and Muslims in Bosnia.
  • After the 1917 Russian Revolution, a declaration of independence by the Chechens was met with occupation from the Bolsheviks who later established the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Region in 1924.
  • At the beginning of 1999, Maskhadov declared Islamic Shari'ah law, to be phased in over the next three years.
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      This only worsened the conflict against the Russians.......
  • Russia' full scale war with Chechnya led to many bombing raids by Russian forces. Some one third to half of the 1.3 million Chechen people are said to have fled from Chechnya.
  • 70-80,000 people died, mostly Chechen civilians, and in 1996, Russia withdrew defeated.
Neha Kukreja

Preventing Genocide - Who is at Risk? - Chechnya, Russia - 0 views

  • The Russian republic of Chechnya suffered two conflicts in the recent past: 1994-6 and 1999-2000.
  • The demonization of Chechens as a group within Russian society
    • Neha Kukreja
       
      This follows right alongside our definition of Genocide : an attempt to exterminate a particular group of people
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  • but he also voiced concerns about ongoing violations of human rights, including extra-judicial detention centres, disappearances, pressure on witnesses, and house burnings. The U.S. State Department’s 2010 annual human rights report reached similar conclusions.
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