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William Fromm

Expert Witness Details Secrets of a Drug Cartel - New York Times - 1 views

www.nytimes.com/...-secrets-of-a-drug-cartel.html

medellin

shared by William Fromm on 15 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Testifying for the prosecution in a Federal drug conspiracy and money laundering trial, Mr. Mermelstein said that from 1981 to 1985 he was one of the cartel's main representatives in the United States. He said that for four years he supervised the distribution of 56 tons of cocaine brought into the country and that he was responsible for transferring about $300 million from drug sales back to Colombia.
  • More Like ThisJackson Heights Streets Familiar to Drug CartelsCOLOMBIANS SEIZE DRUG RING SUSPECT AND 134 AIRCRAFTBanking's Technology Helps Drug Dealers Export Cash . . .Find More StoriesFederal LawDrug CartelMedellin CartelExpert Witness
    • Katy Field
      Katy Field on 15 Sep 11
       
      Sticky note on Bill's Stuff
  • ...2 more annotations...
    • William Fromm
      William Fromm on 15 Sep 11
       
      Finally gives a testimony about the drug cartels, and it turns out to be the most extensive and most informative about the drug cartels.
  • testimony came at the trial of Carlos Eduardo Restrepo, who is accused of laundering more than $10 million for the Medellin cartel through a currency-exchange company in Greenwich that was an undercover ''sting'' operation set up by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Money laundering, under a 1986 Federal law, is the concealment and illegal transfer of money obtained through unlawful acts.The United States Attorney in Connecticut, Stanley A. Twardy Jr., said in an interview that Mr. Restrepo is the first person to be tried under the Federal law. Mr. Restrepo, who is 38 and who has described himself as a businessman, has pleaded not guilty.
  • William Fromm on 15 Sep 11
     
    This New York Times article shows how an eyewitness might have been treated under the colombian government, and how it later on seeked safety in the U.S. Federal Witness Protection Program.
Caroline Yevak

Sinaloa Cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Sinaloa_Cartel

Mexico's Drug War

shared by Caroline Yevak on 16 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • The Sinaloa Cartel (Pacific Cartel, Guzmán-Loera Cartel) (Spanish: Cártel de Sinaloa) is the most powerful drug cartel in Mexico[2] and considered by the United States Intelligence Community as "the most powerful drug trafficking organization in the world."
  • Guzmán-Loera
  • Organization and the Pacific Cartel
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The 'Federation' was partially splintered when the Beltrán-Leyva brothers broke apart from the Sinaloa Cartel
  • The Sinaloa Cartel is associated with the label "Golden Triangle" as the regions of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua in which they operate the most form a 'triangle' when their capital cities are looked at on a map. The region is a major producer of Mexican poppy and marijuana.
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 16 Sep 11
       
      * Remember Class notes
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 16 Sep 11
       
      Beltran-Leyva cartel was once a major part of the Sinaloa Cartel. Split off and is still a major cartel on it's own.
  • into the United States and distributing nearly 200 tons of cocaine and large amounts of heroin between 1990 and 2008.
Caroline Yevak

NO MAN'S LAND: The Mystery of Mexico's Drug Wars - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

search.proquest.com/...2

Mexico's Drug War

shared by Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • "It's looking more and more like Colombia looked twenty years ago," she said, "where the narco-traffickers control certain parts of the country."
  • Mexico doesn't even have a viable proclaimed guerrilla force aiming to topple the government. Instead, Mexico has labyrinthine drug gangs murderously fighting it out against each other-while they extort, intimidate, massacre, and conduct firefights with the government.
  • There is no law there," he warned. "They are the law."
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • By "they," he meant an irregular army of drug traffickers, who had created a no-man's-land in a grim little slice of Mexico.
  • Mexico's low-intensity "narco-war" has cast a daunting shadow over many of its backcountry areas, some of them wedged disconcertingly against the 2,000-mile-long border with the United States. The border's southern side is dotted with mysterious conflict zones, emitting rumors of burned houses, fleeing residents, and shadowy pseudo-armies of drug traffickers clashing by night.
  • Beltrán Leyva Cartel, El Gilo, the Zetas, El Chapo and his Sinaloa Cartel, the New Federation . . . This one little postage stamp of desert soil sounds like a package tour of "Narco-Mexico."
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11
       
      Beltrán-Leyva Cartel is one of the biggest in Mexico
  • There, a rival of the Sinaloa Cartel, the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, reportedly runs two large militia camps in the mountains, each with about three hundred men. The Sinaloa Cartel's own force there, orbiting the same general area, is said to number four hundred, in fifty-man squads.
  • Over on the other side of the country, the greener side by the Gulf of Mexico, south of Texas, three of the cartel gunmen arrested in the August massacre were reportedly aged fourteen, seventeen, and eighteen.
  • Such is the typical age spread for an expedition like this: a not-so-clandestine grupo de limpieza, a "cleanup squad" sent by one drug cartel to quash another.
  • Interestingly, no Mexican police or army troops spotted the cleanup caravan that brought Ramón Mesa, though it frightened various small towns en route. The forty-five hundred Mexican Army troops deployed across the country in the drug war have struck some heavy blows against the cartels, and the troops are often more professional than some outsiders might imagine, but mysteries still abide.
miller kinlin

South America, Central America and ... - Google Books - 0 views

books.google.com/books

drug trafficking medellin Colombia

shared by miller kinlin on 11 Sep 11 - No Cached
    • miller kinlin
      miller kinlin on 16 Sep 11
       
      Virgilio Barco Vargas declared total war against the drug cartels, and re-established an extradiction policy with the Usa and sent more than a dozen middle ranking traffickers there. but the cartels responded viciously, blowing up planes, killing people, bombing the headquarters of the secret police. but as a result pablo escobar offered to negotiate with the government. but while attention was focused on the leaders of the medellin cartel, smaller groups like the Cali cartel emerged and increased its share of the us cocaine market to 30%
  • miller kinlin on 11 Sep 11
     
    Virgilio Barco Vargas against medellin cartel
  • miller kinlin on 17 Sep 11
     
    Miller Kinlin
Caroline Yevak

Drug cartel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Drug_cartel

Mexico's Drug War

shared by Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Drug cartels are criminal organizations developed with the primary purpose of promoting and controlling drug trafficking operations.
  • was broken up drug cartels are no longer actually cartels in the proper sense of the word, but the term stuck and is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization
  • Colombia
Caroline Yevak

Mexico - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

search.proquest.com/...4

Mexico's Drug War Cartels

shared by Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • IV. Mexico's Drug War Mexico continued its war on drug trafficking that Mexican President Felipe Calderón launched against drug cartels in 2006.
  • President Calderón announced that his administration would reform civilian law enforcement and the courts, and that "the Mexican army would continue to lead the fight until local and state police forces are free of corruption."20
  • These are but a handful of die murders reported in Mexico's drug wars. The level of violence attributable to die war on drugs and die organized criminal activity that precipitated it cannot, however, be measured simply by counting corpses. Kidnappings, carjackings, extortion, and other forms of crime and aggression infect the quality of daily life.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Local and state politicians have increasingly become targets of violence by the drug cartels, which have also attacked rival gangs. Some murders are particularly vicious, intended to gain media attention and frighten both rival drug gangs and law enforcement officers. "Prosecutors, police chiefs, and thousands of others have been killed," and entire families sometimes come under attack.
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11
       
      Similar to what the journalist wrote in the article about Columbia.
  • Mexico's drug cartels started recruiting more teenagers and young people to replace those killed or arrested.40 These young people serve as "expendable foot soldiers" for the cartels in battles over drug trafficking routes to the United States and local drug using markets in Mexico.
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 13 Sep 11
       
      Child Soldiers
  • Oil revenue accounts for more than one -third of die Mexican government's annual income.1 In 2009, after oil revenues declined during the recession, Mexican lawmakers looked for alternative revenue sources.2 As part of the 2010 budget, Mexican legislators increased several taxes in 2009:
    • Caroline Yevak
      Caroline Yevak on 16 Sep 11
       
      *Class discussion about how drop in oil value caused gov debt & made the poor poorer etc.
  • In the past two years, at least eighty U.S. border officers have been convicted of corruption and it is estimated that there are almost as many investigations each year involving border officers who have accepted bribes so diat illegal drugs could be trafficked into the United States.
miller kinlin

Drug use and drug policy - Google Books - 0 views

books.google.com/books

medellin drugs cartel Colombia drug trafficking

shared by miller kinlin on 11 Sep 11 - No Cached
    • miller kinlin
      miller kinlin on 16 Sep 11
       
      he organization that it has developed employs up to 120,000 people, including 2,000 to 3,000 in the us. controlled by pablo escobar, who ran it even in prison. primary target of us. Belisario Betancur in 1988: "we are up against an organization that is stronger than the state
    • miller kinlin
      miller kinlin on 16 Sep 11
       
      ormed in 1982 in response to the kidnapping of a member of the ochoa family by the m-19 guerrillas. rapid increase in profits led to the cocaine wars. as the cartels became more powerful, they expanded into politics, media, private armies, real estate, and international banking
    • miller kinlin
      miller kinlin on 16 Sep 11
       
      payed bribes to curropt police officials, judges were also paid as well, assassinated people, and offered to pay 10 billion to pay off national debt. and even killed the justice minister in 1984.
  • ...1 more annotation...
    • miller kinlin
      miller kinlin on 16 Sep 11
       
      argue its good for state: brings in so much money, aids development and keeps down unemployment. the cartels employed huge numbers of different types of workers, from farmers to airplane pilots, to engineers and scientists. they invested heavily in local elections and politicians, and including the presidential election.. and escobar even was elected to the comombian house of reps.
  • miller kinlin on 11 Sep 11
     
    Miller Kinlin
Maddie McFeeley

Los Zetas called Mexico's most dangerous drug cartel - CNN - 2 views

articles.cnn.com/...os-zetas-drug-cartels-drug-war

Mexico Los Zetas Sicarios Drug Trafficking

shared by Maddie McFeeley on 16 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • "the most technologically advanced, sophisticated and dangerous cartel operating in Mexico."
  • Commandos from the Mexican army deserted and set up a cartel, known as Los Zetas.
  • Maddie McFeeley on 16 Sep 11
     
    Los Zetas were similar to the Sicarios in Colombia, but they were the Mexican drug traffickers.
Cole Blum

Young Assassins Of The Drug Trade - Research and Read Books, Journals, Articles at Ques... - 6 views

www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst

sicarios colombia police

shared by Cole Blum on 11 Sep 11 - No Cached
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 11 Sep 11
       
      This is where I'd say it's the Government's fault... what are they doing to combat this "same poverty, the same unemployment, the same corrupt authority?"
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 13 Sep 11
       
      I agree. The Government is making some changes toward helping combat the violence and poverty, but a lot of these things are only hurting the cause.
  • Adolescents from poor neighborhoods were recruited as sicarios
  • from
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Sub- sequently, as the state attempted to bring these gangs under control, these same young boys began assassi- nating policemen and judges.
  • control, these same young boys began assassi- nating policemen and judges. In 1983, a 16-year-old adolescent discharged a sub-
  • President Belisario Betancur immediately enacted a treaty of extradition with the United States -- where traffickers were more likely to be prosecuted -- and an armed bat- tle began in which the young sicarios occupied the front lines for the drug cartels.
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      This is the most important part about the rise of the sicarios, where a huge armed battle ensued between the poor, the government, and the drug cartels (paired with the sicarios).
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      This is an example of how the government tried to stop the violence in Colombia, but actually hurt it in a lot of ways. It also made a lot more people dislike them.
  • Cole Blum on 11 Sep 11
     
    This article talks about the involvement of youth in the violence of Colombia and how it started.
Caroline Yevak

Exiled - ProQuest Research Library - ProQuest - 0 views

search.proquest.com/...2

drug trafficking Mexico

shared by Caroline Yevak on 17 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • At a time when the US is pouring hundreds of millions of dollars into its Merida Initiative, supplying Mexico with money to fight the drug cartels, it seems contradictory to be simultaneously providing the cartels with a constant supply of desperate ex-convicts with nowhere to go and no legitimate options for survival.
alessandro Lannes

The Business - Colombian Traffickers | Drug Wars | FRONTLINE | PBS - 0 views

www.pbs.org/...colombian.html

Pablo Escobar

shared by alessandro Lannes on 17 Sep 11 - Cached
    • alessandro Lannes
      alessandro Lannes on 17 Sep 11
       
      Alessandro Lannes
  • avoiding
  • Pablo Escobar was incredibly violent and his quest for power within the Colombian government led to a stand-off between the cartel and the government. During the 1980's, the cartel revolted against the government's threats to extradite the traffickers to the United States. Pablo Escobar is thought to be responsible for the murder of hundreds of government officials, police, prosecutors, judges, journalists and innocent bystanders.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • And Pablo Escobar was hunted down and killed by the Colombian police after a long series of battles.
  • Younger lieutenants realized that the large organizations had been more vulnerable to attack by US and Colombian authorities. They formed smaller, more controllable groups and began compartmentalizing their responsibilities. One group simply smuggles the drugs from Colombia to Mexico. Another group controls the jungle labs. Yet another deals with transportation of coca base from the fields to the labs. There are well known links between the Colombian Marxists guerilla groups and the cocaine trade. Guerillas protect the fields and the labs in remote zones of Colombia in exchange for a large tax that the traffickers pay to the organization.
Neha Kukreja

Colombia's Child Drug Assassins - 2 views

pangaea.org/...colokid.htm

shared by Neha Kukreja on 11 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • but also in the society that continues to produce them. Before juvenile violence became so widespread, many dramatic changes had occurred in Colombia. First of all, there are historical factors. The gangs emerged in areas characterized by massive rural migration. By and large, the state had completely forgotten these areas by the 1970s. Residents were condemned to the world of "informality"--a world in which the rights and obligations of citizenship were lacking. The sons of these migrants from the Colombian countryside grew up on the edge of legality. They were treated as second-class citizens, to be dealt with only by the police.
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 11 Sep 11
       
      Mhmm.... "the state forgot about them." No wonder the youth have gotten involved in Colombia's drug trafficking activities. 
  • The killing of high officials highlights the role of the young paid assassins. Most are just like Chucho--from poor neighborhoods, abandoned by their fathers, school dropouts, and unemployed. Young boys with similar social profiles have assassinated newspaper editors, leftist politicians and state functionarie
    • Mckenzie Hudson
      Mckenzie Hudson on 12 Sep 11
       
      The inablities of the Colombian Government has allowed Drug Cartels to enforce their own brand of Justice with Sicarios, with almost no fear of consequences
    • Mckenzie Hudson
      Mckenzie Hudson on 12 Sep 11
       
      This is Neha's article by the way... just says i shared it for some reason.
  • In a poll conducted last year in the schools of the Northeastern District, students were asked whom they considered the most important person in the country. Pablo Escobar was named by 21 percent of those surveyed; 19.6 percent chose President César Gaviria; and 12.6 percent named the goalkeeper of the national soccer team, René Higuita.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • efficacy.
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 16 Sep 11
       
      Look Mrs. Field.... It's yo favorite word!!!!
  • In 1990, after the assassination of Liberal presidential candidate Luís Carlos Galán, the government launched a frontal attack on the Medellín cartel. The security forces began by attacking the youth gangs considered to be the reserve army of the narcotraffickers. This offensive took place without the least respect for human rights. It used the same logic as the counterinsurgency war: classifying entire communities as enemies of society. To be an adolescent in a poor neighborhood meant to be classified as a sicario.
Neha Kukreja

Dwellers of memory: youth and ... - Google Books - 0 views

books.google.com/books

shared by Neha Kukreja on 14 Sep 11 - No Cached
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      Sicarios originally started out working only for the drug cartels, but they have gotten so much more diversified. The business people who were not drug cartels to hire sicarios.
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      This is something that I mentioned in my video that I found very important. The fact that youth were starting to get involved in the violence in Colombia shows how bad off the country really is and how everyone there is attached to the violence.
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      These sticky notes are all for page 46 but since this is on Google books, it looks like I have the same sticky notes on every page.
  • ...3 more annotations...
    • Cole Blum
      Cole Blum on 14 Sep 11
       
      As stated in my other article, the government is at fault somewhat for the killings of these high officials. Over the years, the killing of high officials has become the trademark of the sicarios.
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 16 Sep 11
       
      I'd argue that since the idea of "private justice and revenge became accepted as legitimate means of dealing with conflicts at any level or realm of society (pg. 46)," the youth have known no better than to participate than an idea that's become so commonplace. If people older than them/ the whole entire rest of society has turned a blind eye to the institution of sicaros and the horridness of the practice, how can you expect the youth to know right from wrong?? You can't....
    • Neha Kukreja
      Neha Kukreja on 16 Sep 11
       
      THIS IS COLE'S ARTICLE BUT IT KEEPS SAYING THAT IVE ADDED IT!!!
Maddie McFeeley

Mexico Drug War: Facts About 'Los Zetas' Drug Cartel (PHOTOS) - 1 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...ug-war-facts-abo_n_830345.html

shared by Maddie McFeeley on 17 Sep 11 - No Cached
  • Maddie McFeeley on 17 Sep 11
     
    More information about the Los Zetas in Mexico
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